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LIBRARY 

THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 


iSfjiarttnrut  nf  (Unmmrrrr  auii  ICabnr 

BUREAU  OF  THE  CENSUS  "^ 

Scp/e^huer  23,    1905. 

I- 


Prof.  Qeon^c   Davidsorx, 

2221  V/ashinijton  Street, 
Svr.   Fror-cinc-.o , 

Crlif  oniia. 

Dear  Sir:- 

I  am  sending  you,  by  registered  mail,  a.   copy  of  the 
StatistiosQ.  Atlas  of  the  Twelfth  Census,  which  I  trust  you  may  find 
of  interest  and  value.   This  volvime  is  a  compilation  oontaining  not 
only  all  the  maps  and  diagrams  used  for  illustrating  the  Reports  of 
the  Twelfth  Census,  but  a  number  especially  prepared  for  this  pub- 
lication. 

Very  respectfully,     yS. 


Direct or. 


^     —  / 

TWELFTH  CENSUS  OF  THE  UNITED 
TAKEN  IN  THE  YEAR    1  goo 

WILLIAM   R.    MERRIAM,  DIRECTOR 


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-..^  J.  4-^c^       I  "^t  G  O 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS 


PREPARED  UNDER  THE  SUPERVISION  OE  HENRY  GANNETT, 

GEOGRAPHER    OF   THE    TWELFTH    CENSUS 


WASHINGTON 

UNITED  STATES  CENSUS  OFFICE 
1903 


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rr^XTENTS. 


I'age. 

LETTKK  OF  TRAXSM ITTA I 21 

POPl'l.ATlUX. 

Age  ;uiil  SIX 45 

Center  of  iKipulatiDii  iiml  its  iiicilian  jMiint 37 

Conjugal  condition 51 

Density  of  population 89 

Distribution  of  pnpiilation: 

1790 26 

1800 27 

1810 28 

1820 29 

1830 , 30 

1S40  31 

1850 32 

1860 32 

1870 '. 33 

18S0 34 

1890 35 

1900 36 

Elements  of  population 41 

Families 56 

Foreign  horn,  nativity  of 47 

Geographical  divisions 39 

Growth  of  pojnilation 26 

Illiteracy 52 

Inability  to  speak  English 53 

Median  point,  see  Center  of  iiopulation  and  its  median  point. 

Migration 43 

Negro  population 42 

Occupations 53 

Population,  by  states  and  territories 39 

Proprietorship  of  homes 56 

Sex 44 

Urban  population 40 

VITAL  STATISTICS. 

Accident-s  and  injuries 66 

Apoplexy  an<l  paralysis 65 

Bones  and  joints,  diseases  of 66 

Bronchitis 66 

Cancer  and  tumor 63 

Cerebro-spinal  fever 64 

Circulatory  system,  diseases  of 65 

Consumption -. 62 

Croup,  .w  Diphtheria  and  croup. 

Diabetes  65 

Diarrheal  diseases 65 

Digestive  system,  diseases  of 66 

Diphtheria  and  croup t)3 

Dropsy,  see  Heart  disea-e  and  dropsy. 

Erysipelas 64 

Heart  disease  and  dropsy 66 

Influenza 63. 

Injuries,  see  Accidents  and  injuries. 

Joints,  diseases  of,  see  Bones  and  joints,  diseases  of. 


4  CON'rKNTS. 

Page. 

Liver,  (li--eaj=es  of (i6 

Malarial  fever '14 

Measles ; - •i-1 

Nervous  syste]n,  diseases  of (i'T 

01(1  a>:e 65 

Paralysis,  ncc  Apoplexy  ami  j)aralysis. 

Pneumonia Go 

Respiratory  systejn,  diseas'.-s  of (ili 

Searlet  fever (U 

Serofula  ami  talies 65 

Specified  diseases — -  - 62 

Suicide 66 

Tal)es,  Sir  Scrofula  an.l  tabes. 
Tumor,  Kce  Cancer  and  tnmcir. 

Typhoid  fever ()3 

"Whooping  cough 64 

AGRIC;ULTIIKE. 

Apples 78 

Apricots - 78 

Area 70 

Asses,  see  Horses,  nuiles,  and  asse^. 

Barley 76 

Buckwheat 76 

Cattle,  neat,  .tec  Neat  cattle. 

Centers  of  agricultural  pn  iducts 74 

Centers  of  agriculture 69 

Cherries 78 

Colored  farmers,  farms  of,  so'  Farms  of  white  and  coldred  farmers. 

Corn 74 

Cotton 77 

Farms  of  white  and  colored  farmers 72 

Figs 78 

Forage,  see  Hay  and  f(  irage. 

Grapes 78 

Hay  and  forage 76 

Horses,  mules,  and  asses 74 

Irrigation 78 

Live  stock 73 

Mules,  see  Horses,  mules,  and  asses. 

Neat  cattle 73 

Nectarines,  see  Peaches  ami  nectarines. 

Oats 75 

Onions 77 

Peaches  and  nectarines 78 

Pears 78 

Plums  and  jirnncs 78 

Potatoes 76 

Potatoes,  sweet 77 

Products 74 

Prunes,  see  Plums  ami  prunes. 

Rye 76 

Sheej) 73 

Swine 73 

Tenure 72 

Toljacci  1 77 

Values 71 

Wheat 75 

White  farmers,  farms  of,  see  Farms  of  while  and  ccilnred  fanners. 

MANUFACTURES. 

Agricultural  implements  90 

Boots  and  shoes 89 

Piutter,  .sir  ('heese,  butter,  and  condensed  milk. 

( "apital  invested 83 

Carriages  and  wagons 90 

Cars  ( construction  and  repairs ) 90 


COX'J'KNTS.  5 

I'age. 

Center  uf  niaiiul'afturcs 85 

Cheese,  butter,  and  condensed  milk 88 

Chemicals  and  alliecl  iirodnct!; 90 

Clay  products  89 

Clothing',  meti's  and  women's  (factory  product ) 87 

Coke " 89 

Condensed  milk,  w^  Cheese,  butter,  and  condensed  milk. 

Cot  ton 87 

Cotton  goods 87 

Flouring  and  grist  mill  ]iroducts 88 

Glass 89 

(iristmill  products,  siv  Klourhig  and  grist  mill  products. 

Hosiery  and  knit  goods 87 

Ice,  manufactured 88 

I ndustries,  selected 86 

Iron  and  steel 89 

Knit  goods,  per  Hosiery  and  knit  goods. 

Leather 89 

Liquors,  alcoholic 88 

Lumber  and  timber  products 86 

Meat  i)acking,  see  Slaughtering  and  meat  ]iacUing. 

Pajier  and  wood  pulp 90 

Petroleum  refining 90 

Printing  and  publishing , 91 

Products,  value  of 84 

I'ublishing,  see  Printing  and  publishing. 

Shoddy,  nee  AVoolcn  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  and  shoddy. 

Shoes,  sec  Boots  and  slioes. 

Silk  and  silk  goods 87 

Slaughtering  and  meat  jiacking 88 

Steel,  see  Iron  and  .steel. 

Textiles 86 

Tiudier  products,  see  l/Unibcr  and  timber  product". 

Wage-earners,  average  mmiber 83 

Wagons,  .SVC  Carriages  and  wagons. 

Wood  jiul]),  see  Paper  and  wood  pulp. 

Wool  hats,  see  Woolen  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  and  .-hodily. 

\\'oolen  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  and  shoddy 87 

Worsted  goods,  see  Woolen  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  and  shoddy. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


POPULATION. 

Accessions  of  tcrritciry  from  the  Treaty  of  Peace  to  the  CTadscU-n  imirluvse Map,  Plate  1. 

Age  and  sex : 

Aggregate  population,  by  age  and  sex,  Ijy  states  and  territories;  IHOO Plates  .'!:l  an<l  '.'A. 

Conjugal  condition  of  the  population,  by  age  and  sex,  in  proportions  of  the  total  luiniberof  eacli  age  group: 

1900  and  1S90 Plates  77  and  78. 

Foreign  white  population,  by  age  and  sex,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plates  fl7  and  38. 

Native  white  population,  by  age  and  sex,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plates  35  and  3t5. 

Negro  population,  by  age  and  sex,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plates  39  and  40. 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  colored  population :  1900,  1890,  and  1880 Plate  .'SO. 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  each  element  of  |«ipulation:  19(10,  ISIKI,  and  ISSO Plates    30   and    31    and 

Diagram  1,  Plate  32. 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  foreign  white  population:  1900,  1.S90,  and  18,s0 Plate  31. 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  Indians:  1900 Plate  31 . 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  native  white  of  foreign  parentage:  1900  and  1890 ; Diagram  1,  Plate  32. 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  native  white  of  native  parentage:  1900  and  1890 Plate  31 . 

Age  and  sex  in  i)erceutages  of  native  white  population:  1900,  1890,  and  1880 Plate  31. 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  negro  population:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  32. 

Age  and  se.x  in  percentages  of  total  population:  1900,  1890,  and  18W) Plate  30. 

Age  and  sex  in  iiercentages  of  white  ])opulation:  1900,  1.890,  and  1880 Plate  30. 

Agriculture — Pi'oportion  of  jiersons  engaged  in  agriculture  t  :i  all  wage-carnei's:   1900 t'artograni  1,  Plate  91. 

Alien.s: 

Percentage  of  aliens  in  foreign  burn  males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  in  cities  having  Ul0,000  inhabitants  or 

more:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  60. 

Percentage  of  aliens  in  total  foreign  born  population  of  each  specified  nativity:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  60. 

Proportion  of  aliens  to  foreign  born  males  21  years  of  age  and  over:  1900 Cartogram  4,  Plate  76. 

Proportion  nf  aliens  to  total  foreign  born  males  of  voting  age,  in  each  specified  nativity:   1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  74. 

Asiatics — Geographical  distribution  of  Asiatics,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Diairram  4,  Plate  71. 

Austrian  parentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Austrian  parentage,  by  principal  occupation.s:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  96. 

Bohemian  jiarentage — Distriliution  of  wage-earners  of  Bohemian  parentage,  by  principal  occupations:  1900 Diagram  6,  Plate  96. 

British— Geographical  distribution  of  British,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  71. 

British  Americans — Geographical  distribution  of  British  Americans,  by  states:  190i)  anil  189(1 Diagram  3,  Plate  71. 

British  parentage — Distribnti<in  iif  wage-earners  of  British  parentage,  by  principal  occupations:  1900 Diagram  (i.  Plate  9.5. 

Canada: 

Density  of  natives  of  Canada:  1900 :\lap  1 .  Plate  d^. 

Proportion  of  natives  of  Canada  to  total  pojiulation:  1900 Map  2,  Plate  68. 

Canada  and  Newfouinlland — Distribution  of  natives  of  Canada  and  Newfoundland,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  73. 

Canadian   (English)  parentage — Distriliution  of  wage-earners  of  Canadian   (Knglish)  parentage,  by  principal 

occupations:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  9.5. 

Canadian   (French)    p;u'entage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Canadian   (French)   parentage,  by  ]irincipal 

occupations:  1900 Diagram  4,  I'ltite  95. 

Center  of  negro  population  and  the  median  point:  190(1,  1890,  and  1880 Map,  Plate  52. 

Center  of  population :  1900 , Maji,  Plate  15. 

Center  of  population,  1790  to  I9(l(i,  and  tlie  median  point.  1900,  1.S90,  and  I8,s(l Map,  Plate  Iti. 

Chinese  and  Japanese — Conjugal  condition  iif  the  Chinese  and  .lajianese,  by  age  and  sex,  in  i>ro|)ortions  of  the 

total  number  of  each  age  grouji:  19()0 Plate  78. 

Cities: 

Constituent.-  of  popidali f  cities  of  more-  than  II  1(1, ()()()  inhabitants:    1900 Plate  44. 

Proportion  of  iiopnlation  in  cities  and  towns  of  more  than  2,000  inhabitants:   190(1 Map.  Plate  26. 

Rank  of  most  populous  cities  at  each  census _ Plate  22. 

Total  population  of  cities  of  more  than  100,0(10  inhaliitaiitf^:    1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  24. 

Total  population  of  great  cities  at  eai-li  census Plate  23. 

(6) 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATION'S.  7 

Color; 

Males  of  voting  age,  l)y  color  and  nativity,  and  by  illiteracy,  by  states  and  territorien:  1900 Plate  81. 

I'oimlation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  color  an<l  general  nativity,  classified  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage- 

earners:  li)00 Diagram  2,  Plate  89. 

Colored  population: 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  colored  population :  1900,  1890,  and  1880 Plate  .30. 

Increase  and  decrease  of  colored  population:  1890  to  1900 Cartogram  6,  Plate  72. 

Colored  jHipulation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  .sex,  classified  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage-earners:  1900 Diagram  S,  Plate  89. 

Conjugal  condition — Proixirtion  of  divorced  to  married:  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  76. 

Conjugal  condition   of  aggregate  population,  by  age  and  sex,   in  proportions  of  total  number  of  each  age 

group:  1890 Plate  77. 

Conjugal  condition   of  aggregate  population,  by  age  and  sex,   in   proportions  of  total  number  of  each  age 

group:  1900 Plate  77. 

Conjugal   condition  of  Chinese  and  .lapanc.se,  by  age  and  sex,  in  pro|  ortions  of  total  number  of  each  age 

group :  1 900 ■- Plate  78. 

Conjugal  condition  of  foreign  white  population ;  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  .32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  foreign  white  population,  by  age  and  sex,  in  proportions  of  total  number  of  each  age 

group:  1900 Plate  78. 

Conjugal  condition  nf  linlians,  by  age  and  sex,  in  projiortions  of  total  number  of  each  age  group:  1900 Plate  78. 

Conjugal  coiulilinn  of  native  white  population  of  foreign  jjarentage:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  .32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  native  white  iiopulation  o!  foreign  jiarentage,  byageandsex,  in  proportions  of  total  num- 
ber of  each  age  group:  1900 Plate  77. 

Conjugal  condition  of  native  white  popidation  of  native  parentage:  1900 Dliigram  2,  Plate  32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  native  wdiite  population  of  native  jiarentage,  by  age  and  sex,  in  proportions  of  total  num- 
ber of  each  age  group:  1900 Plate  77. 

Conjugal  condition  of  negro  population:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  negro  i>oi)ulation,  by  ago  and  sex,  in  proportions  of  total  numlier  of  each  age  group:  1900.  Plate  78. 
Conjugal  condition  of  population,  by  age  and  sex,  in  jiroportions  of  total  number  of  each  age  group:  1900 

and  1890 Plates  77  and  78. 

Conjugal  condition  of  total  population :  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  32. 

Constituents  of  male  population  of  militia  age,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  45. 

Constituents  of  male  jjopulation  of  voting  age,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  46. 

Constituents  of  po]iulation  of  cities  of  more  than  100,000  inhabitants:   1900 Plate  44. 

Constituents  of  population  of  stati s  and  territories:  1900 Plate  43. 

Danish  parentage — Distribution  of  wage-earner.s  of  Danish  parentage,  by  principal  occupations:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  9.5. 

Denmark,  .•-■(■('  Norway,  Sweden,  rnd  Denmark. 

Density  of  foreign  born  population:  1900 Map,  Plate  61  and  Carto- 
gram 1,  Plate  72. 

Density  of  increase  of  popidation :  1890  to  1900 Map,  Plate  '2r>  and  Carto- 

"  gram  .5,  Plate  27. 

Density  of  negro  pupiihilinn:   1900 _ Map,  Plate  .>5  and  Carto- 
gram 2,  Plate  72. 

Density  of  population:  1900 Cartogram  1,  Plate  27. 

Density  of  population  at  each  census Diagram  2,  Plate  1 7. 

Density  of  population,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  24. 

Distribution — (ieographical  distribution  of  groups  of  nations,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Plates  70  and  71. 

Distriliution  of  natives  of  certain  foreign  countries,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  73. 

Distriliutiiiu  of  persons  born  in  each  specified  state  and  territory  who  are  living  in  other  states  and  territories: 

1900 Plate  49. 

Distribution  of  iMipulation: 

1 790 Jlap,  Plate  2. 

1800 Map,  Plate  3. 

1810 - Map,  Plate  4. 

1820 Map,  Plate  5. 

1830 Map,  Plate  6. 

1840 Map,  Plate  7. 

1850 :Map,  Plate  8. 

1860 .' Maj),  Plate  9. 

1S70 Map,  Plate  10. 

1880 Map.  Plate  11 . 

1890 .Map,  Plate  12. 

1900 Map,  Plate  13. 

Distriliution  of  wage-earners  of  specified  parentage,  liy  principal  occupations:  1900 Plates  94,  95,  and  9l). 

Divorced — Proportion  of  divorced  to  married:  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  76. 

Domestic  and  personal  service — Proportion  of  persons  engaged  in  domestic  and  personal  service  to  all  wage- 
earners:  1900 Cartogram  5,  Plate  91. 

Elements — Total  pc ipulation  and  its  elements  at  each  census Plate  42. 

Elements  of  jiopulation :  1900 Plate  41. 


8  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Elements  i.f  ]ic>pnlati(in — Ajje  ami  sex  in  percentatjes  of  each  cU'iiient  of  iiopulation:  IllllO,  ISiiO,  and  ISSfl Plates  30  and  81  and  Dia- 
gram 1,  Plate  32. 
Elements  of  population  10  years  of  aire  and  over,  by  sex,  riassilied  as  wa^'e-earners  and  nonwage-earni'rs:   1900.   Diagram  3,  Plate  89. 
Emigrants,  native,  see  Native  emigrants. 

Family — Average  number  of  jiersons  to  a  lannly:   is.io  to  1901) Diagram  1,  Plate  97. 

Family,  private: 

Average  number  of  persons  to  a  private  family,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  97. 

Average  size  of  private  families:  1900 Map,  Plate  9'*. 

Females,  see  ]\[ales  and  females. 

Foreign  born  males  of  voting  age — Pniportion  of  aliens  to  total  foreign  l>orn  males  of  voting  age,  in  each  speci- 
fied nativity:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  74. 

Foreign  born  males  21  years  of  age  and  over — Percentage  of  aliens  in  the  foreign  liorn  males  21  years  of  age 

and  over,  in  cities  having  100,000  inhal)itants  or  more:  1900 1  liagram  3,  Plate  CO. 

Foreign  born  males  21  years  of  age  and  over — Proportion  of  aliens  to  fon-igii  born  males  21  years  of  age  and  over: 

1900 ( 'artogram  4,  Plate  76. 

Foreign  born  pojjulation : 

Composition  of  the  population  of  states  and  territories,  including  resident  natives,  native  immigrants,  anil 

foreign  born,  with  per  cent  of  native  emigrants,  by  states  an<l  teiritories:  IHOO Plate  47. 

Density  of  foreign  born  population:  1900 Map,  Plate  01  ami  C'arto- 

gram  1,  Plate  72. 

Increase  and  decrease  of  foreign  boin  population:  l^^iiO  to  1!N)0 Cartogram  r},  Plate  72. 

Numerical  gain  or  loss  in  foreign  born  population:  IIHIO Cartogram  fi,  Plate  27. 

Percentage  of  aliens  in  total  foreign  liorn  population  of  each  specified  nativity:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  60. 

Proportion  of  foreign  born  population  of  each  leading  nationality,  by  states  and  territories:  191)0 Plate  (>'■). 

Proportion  of  foreign  born  population  of  each  leading  nationality,  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over:  19(i0 Plate  64. 

Proportion  <pf  foreign  born  population  to  total  ])opul:ition:   1900 ; ^Ia|),  Plate  62  ami  Carto- 
gram 3,  Plate  72. 
Proportion  which  I'ai-h  leading  nationality  bears  to  total  foreign  born   iiojiulation  at  eacli  census:   1.S.50  to 

1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  58. 

Total  foreign  born  ])Opulation  at  each  census  with  the  numlx'r  of  each  leading  nationality:  18.^0  to  19(10 Diagram  1,  Plate  58. 

Foreign  born  population  at  each  census,  with  the  ])roportion  of  each  leading  nationality:  1850  to  1900 Plate  57. 

Foreign  born  population,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  60. 

Foreign  born  pojiulation  of  each  leading  nationality  at  each  census:  1850  to  1900 Plate  59. 

Foreign  born  white  population — White  population  of  foreign  parentage,  including  foreign  born  white  pojiula- 

tion,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  74. 

Foreign  born  white  iiopulation  10  years  of  age  and  over — Proportion  of  foivign  born  white  po)iulatioii  10  years 

of  age  and  over,  «  ho  can  not  speak  English:  1900 Cartogram  6,  Plate  76. 

Foreign  jiarentage: 

Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  foreign  parentage,  liy  piincipal  (jccupations:   1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  94. 

Proportion  of  white  population  of  foreign  parentage  10  years  of  age  and  over,  who  can  not  speak  English, 

by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  86. 

Proportion  of  white  population  of  foreign  parentage  to  total  population:  UiOO Cartogram    4,    Plate    27 

and  Map,  Plate  75. 
White  jiopulation  of  foreign  jiarentage,  inclmling  foreign  born  wliitc  popuhitioji,  by  states  anil   territories: 

1900 Diagram  1,  I'late  74. 

Foreign  white  jiopulation: 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  foreign  white  pi.ipulation:  1900,  1.S90,  and  18S0 Plate  31. 

Conjugal  condition  of  foreign  white  poimlation:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  foreign  white  iiojiulation.  by  age  ami  sex,  in  proportions  of  the  total  numlicr  of  each 

age  grouji:  1900 Plate  78. 

Foreign  white  jiopulation,  by  age  and  sex,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plates  3.7  and  38. 

Foreign  wdiite  population  10  years  of  age  and  over — Proportion  of  illiterates  among  foreign  white  |iopulalion 

10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  states  and  territories:  1900  and  1890 Plate  .S4. 

Foreign  white  population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  classified  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage-earners: 

1900 I )iagram  :;,  1  Mate  89. 

French  parentage— Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  French  parentage,  l)y  principal  occuiiations:  1900 Diagram  6,  I'late  94. 

German  i^arcntage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Germati  parentage,  l)y  principal  occupations:  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  94. 

Germany: 

Density  of  natives  of  (Jermany:   UMIO Ma[i  1,  Plate  65. 

Distriliution  of  natives  of  Germany,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1 ,  I'late  73. 

Proportion  of  natives  of  (iermany  to  total  iiopulation :  1900 J\hip  2,  Plate  65. 

Great  Britain: 

Density  of  natives  of  <  iri'at  Uritain:  1900 ^lap  1,  Plate  67. 

Distribution  of  natives  of  Great  Britain,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  73. 

Proportion  of  natives  of  Great  Britain  to  total  pojiulation:  1900 Maji  2,  Plate  67. 

Greco-Latins — Geographical  distribution  of  Greco-Latins,  by  states:  1900  and  1,S90 Diagram  2,  I'late  70. 

Homes — Proportion  of  homes  owned  free,  owned  encundiered,  and  hired,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  iH'. 

Homes,  farm — Projiortion  of  farm  homes  owned  free,  owned  encumbered,  and  hired,  by  states  and  territories: 

1 900 Pla t e  1 00. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS.  9 

Hungarian  |iari'nta;re — l)istri)]iiti<ni  of  wafxe-canicrs  of  Iluiifjariaii  parentage,  liy  i)rincipal  occupation.^:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plato  iKi. 

lUiterai'V — Mali's  nf  vcitiiifr  age  liy  color  ami  nativity,  anil  by  illiteracy,  by  states  and  territories:   1900 I'late  .HI. 

Illiterates: 

I'r(i|iortion  nf  illitt'rate.s  among  foreign  wliite  population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  states  and  territories; 

IflOO  and  1890 ' Plate  84. 

I'riiportiiin  of  illiterates  among  native  white  population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  states  and  territories: 

1900  and  1890 I'late  83. 

Proportion  of  illiterates  among  native  white  voters:  1900 Map,  I'late  79. 

Proi)ortion  of  illiterates  among  negro  population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 

and  1890 Plate  8.5. 

Proportion  of  illiterates  among  negro  voters:  1900 Map,  Plate  80. 

I'io|ii)rticin  of  illiterates  among  total  |)i)pulation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  states  and  territorias:  1900 

and  1890 Plate  82. 

Immigi-ants,  native,  sec  Native  immigrants. 
Inability  to  speak  English: 

Proiiortion  of  foreign  born  while  pupulatinn  10  years  uf  age  and  over,  who  can  not  speak  Kniilish:  1900 Cartogram  6,  Plate  76. 

Proportion  of  white  population  of  foreign  parentage  10  years  of  age  and  over,  who  can  not  sjieak   F.nglish, 

by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  86. 

Increase: 

Density  of  increase  of  i.o]iulation:   1890  to  1900 Map,  Plate  2.5  and  Carto- 
gram .5,  Plate  27. 

Proportion  of  increase  of  t<jtal  )ioi>ulalioii:    I  Sill  I  to  1!II10 Map,  Plate  28  and  Carto- 
gram 3,  Plate  27. 

Increase  and  decrease  of  colored  population :  1890  to  1900 Cartogram  6,  Plate  72. 

Increase  and  decrease  of  foreign  born  popuh.tion :  1890  to  1900 Cartogram  ■">,  Plate  72. 

Increase  of  population  in  the  I'nited  .'^lates  and  the  principal  countries  of  Kurope:   1800  to  1900 Plate  14. 

Indians: 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  Indians:  1900 Plate  31. 

Conjugal  condition  of  Indians,  by  age  and  sex.  in  proportions  of  the  total  ninnber  of  each  age  group:  1900.  Plate  78. 
Ireland: 

Density  of  natives  of  Ireland:  1900 Maj)  1,  I'late  66. 

Distribution  of  natives  of  Ireland,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plato  73. 

Proportion  of  natives  of  Ireland  to  total  population;  1900 .Map  2,  Plate  66. 

Irish— (ieographical  distribution  of  Irish,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  3,  Plate  70. 

Irish  parentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Irish  parentage,  by  principal  occu|iations:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  94. 

Italian  parentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Italian  parentage,  by  principal  occupations:  1900 Diagram  .5,  Plate  96. 

Italy — Distribution  of  natives  of  Italy,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  73. 

Japanese,  xi-e  Chinese  and  ,Iai)anesc. 

Males  and  females — Proportion  of  males  and  females  in  each  class  of  occupations  ami  in  certain  occupation 

groups:  1900 Plate  90. 

Males  of  militia  age — Constituents  of  male  population  of  militia  age,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  4.5. 

Males  of  voting  age: 

Constituents  of  male  poimlation  of  voting  age,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  46. 

Proportion  of  aliens  to  total  foreign  born  males  of  voting  age,  in  each  specilied  nativity:  1900  Diagram  2,  Plate  74. 

Males  of  voting  age,  by  color  and  nativity,  and  by  illiteracy,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  .si . 

Males  21  years  of  age  and  over: 

Percentage  of  aliens  in  foreign  born  males  21  years  of  age  and  over,  in  cities  having  100,000  inhabitants  or 

more:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  60. 

Proportion  of  aliens  to  foreign  born  males  21  years  of  age  and  over:  1900 Cartogram  4,  Plate  76. 

Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits — Proportion  of  persons  engaged  in  n'.anufacturing  and  mechanical  pur- 
suits to  all  wage-earners:  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  91. 

Mechanical  jiursuits,  .<;(•('  Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits. 
Median  point: 

Center  of  negro  iiopuhition  and  the  median  iioiut;  1900,  1.S90,  and  1880 Map,  Plate  52. 

Center  of  population,  1790  to  1900,  and  the  median  point,  1900.  1,S90,  and  18S0 Map,  Plate  16. 

Migration: 

Gain  or  loss  as  the  result  of  all  migration:  1900 Cartogram  3,  Plate  76. 

Net  results  of  migration,  by  states  and  territories:   1900 Plate  .50. 

Migration,  interstate: 

Gain  or  loss  as  the  result  of  interstate  migration:  1900 Cartogram  5,  Plate  76. 

li\terstate  migration,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 _ Plates  50  and  51. 

Militui  age — Constituents  of  male  population  of  militia  age,  by  states  and  territories:   1900 Plate  45. 

Mining  and  quarrying — Proportion  of  persons  engaged  in  mining  and  quarrying  to  all  wage-earners:   1900 Cartogram  3,  Plate  91. 

Nationality: 

Foreign  born  population  at  each  census,  with  the  proportion  of  each  leading  nationality:  1,S.50  to  1900 Plate  57. 

Foreign  born  population  of  each  leading  nationality  at  each  census:  1850  to  1900 Plate  59. 

Proportion  of  foreign  born  population  of  each  leading  nationality,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  63. 

Proportion  of  foreign  born  population  of  each  leading  nationality,  in  cities  of  100,000  and  over:  1900 Plate  64. 

Proportion  which  each  leading  nationality  bears  to  the  tot<d  foreign  born  at  each  census:   18.50  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  58. 

Total  foreign  born  population  at  each  census  with  the  number  of  each  leading  nationality:  18.50  to  1900...  Diagram  1,  Plate  .58. 


10  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Nations — Geographical  distribution  of  groups  of  nations,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Plates  70  and  71 . 

Native  emigrants — Composition  of  the  iioi)ulation  of  states  and  territories,  including  resident  natives,  native 

immigrants,  and  foreign  born,  with  per  cent  of  native  emigrants,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  47. 

Native  immigrants — Composition  of  the  population  of  states  and  territories,  including  resident  natives,  native 

immigrants,  and  foreign  born,  with  per  cent  of  native  emigrants,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  47. 

Native  jiarentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  native  parentage,  by  principal  oecujiations:  1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  94. 

Native  population — State  of  l)irtb  of  native  po|)ulation,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  4S. 

Native  white  of  foreign  parentage: 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  native  white  of  foreign  parentage:  19(i0  and  ISHO Diagram  1,  Plate  32. 

Conjugal  eonditiou  of  native  white  of  foreign  parentage:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  native  white  of  foreign  parentage,  by  age  and  sex,  in  proportions  of  total  number  of  : 

each  age  group:  1900 Plate  77. 

Native  white  of  foreign  parentage  10  years  of  age  and  over,  Ijy  sex,  I'lassitied  as  wage-earners  ami  nonwage- 

earners:  1900 Diagram  3.  Plate  S9. 

Native  white  of  native  parentage: 

.\ge  and  sex  in  percentages  of  native  white  of  native  jiarentage:  1900  and  1890 Plate  31. 

Conjugal  condition  of  native  white  of  native  parentage:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  native  white  of  native  parentage,  by  age  and  sex,  in  jiroportions  of  total  numlier  of 

eacli  age  group:  1900 Plate  77. 

Percentage  of  native  white  of  native  parentage  and  of  negrn  impnlatiou  luider  1  year  of  age,  by  states  and 

territories:  1900 Diagram  2.  Plate  53. 

Native  wliite  of  natiw  parentage   10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  classilied  as  wag<'-earners  and  nonwage- 

earners:  1900 _ Diagram  3,  Plate  89. 

Native  white  population — Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  native  white  population:   1900.  1890,  and  1880 Plate  31. 

Native  white  poi)ulation,  by  age  and  sex,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plates  35  and  3i). 

Native  white  population  10  years  of  age  and  over — Proportion  of  illiterates  auK.ing  native  white  iiojiulation   10 

years  of  age  and  over,  by  states  and  territories:  1900  and  1890 Plate  83. 

Native  white  voters — Proportion  of  illiterates  among  native  white  voters:  1900 Maji,  T'late  79. 

Natives,  resident — Composition  of  the  population  of  states  and  territories,  inrhiding  resident  natives,  native 

immigrants,  and  foreign  born,  with  per  cent  of  native  enngrants,  by  states  and  territories:  .1900 Plate  47. 

Natives  of  foreign  countries — Distribution  of  natives  of  certain  foreign  countries,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  73. 

Nativity: 

Classification  of  occupations,  by  race  and  nativity:  1900 Plate  87. 

Males  of  voting  age,  by  color  and  nativity,  and  by  illiteracy,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  81. 

Percentage  of  aliens  in  total  foreign  born  jjopulation  of  each  specified  nativity :  1 900 Diagram  2,  Plate  60. 

Percentage  of  each  nativity  in  cities  of  25,000  inhabitants  or  more:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  73. 

Population  10  years  (jf  age  and  over,  by  color  and  general  nativity,  classifieil  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage- 

earners:   1900 Diagram  2.  Plate  89. 

Proportion  of  aliens  to  total  foreign  born  males  of  \'oting  age,  in  each  sjieeified  nati\ity :  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  74. 

Proportions,  by  nativity  and  race,  of  i)ersons  engaged  in  princijial  occupations:  1900 Plate  88. 

Negro  parentagt — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  negro  jiarentage,  by  principal  occupations:  1900 Diagram  5,  Plate  94. 

Negro  population: 

Age  and  .sex  in  percentages  of  negro  jiopulation:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  32. 

Center  of  negro  population  and  the  median  point:  19(10.  181)0,  and  1880 Map,  Plate  52. 

Conjugal  condition  of  negro  jiopulation :   1 900 Diagram  2,  Plate  32. 

Conjugal  condition  of  negro  jiopulatinn,  by  age  and  sex,  in  jirojiortions  of  the  total  luuuber  of  each  age 

group:  1900 Plate  78. 

Density  of  negro  jiojiulation:  1900 Maji,  Plate  55  anil  Carto- 

gram  2.  Plate  72. 
Percentage  of  native  white  of  native  j)arentage  and  of  negro  iio]iulation  under  1  year  i^f  age,  by  states  and 

territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  53. 

Percentage  of  white  and  negro  jinindatinn  in  certain  states  at  each  census Plate  54. 

Projiortion  of  negro  jiopulatinn  to  tntal  imiiulation:  190(1 ^lajj,  Plate  56  and  Carto- 

gram  4,  Plate  72. 

Negro  Jiopulatinn,  by  age  and  sex,  by  states  and  territories:   1900 Plates  39  and  40. 

Negro  jiojndation,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  53. 

Negro  Jiojiulation  10  years  of  age  and  over — Proportion  of  illiterates  among  negro  jio|iuUdiou  10  years  of  age 

and  over,  by  states  and  territf'iries:  1900  and  1890 Plate  85. 

Negro  voters — Projiortion  of  illiterates  among  negro  v iters:   1900 Jlaji.  Plate  80. 

Newfoundland,  siv  Canada  and  Newfoiuidland. 

Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark — Distributinn  of  natives  of  Norway,  Sucdeu,  and  Denmark,  by  states:   1900  ..   Dia.i;rani  1,  I'laio  73. 

Norwegian  jjarentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Norwegian  jiarentau'e,  by  iirincijial  nccujiations:   1900  ..   Diagram  1.  riair  95. 

Occujiatious: 

Classification  of  occujiatious,  by  race  and  nativity :  1900 Plate  87. 

Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  sjieeified  jiarentage,  by  priiicijial  occujiations:   1900 Plates  94,  95,  and  9ii. 

Pro|)ortion  of  males  and  females  in  eacli  cla.'ss  of  occujiatious  and  in  certain  occu|ialion  groujis:  1900 Plate  90. 

Projiortions,  liy  nativity  and  race,  of  jiersons  engaged  in  jirincijial  oci-ujiations:   1900 Plate  88. 

Projiortions  of  jiersons  engaged  in  certain  groujis  of  occujiatious  to  all  wage-earners:  1900 I'late  91. 

Projiortions  of  jier.sons  engaged  in  each  class  of  occujiations,  by  states  and  territories:   1890 Plate  93. 

Pro) lorl ions  nf  pcnsons  engaged  in  each  class  of  occupations,  by  slate-  and  territories:    1900 I'late  92. 


LIST  OF  ILLrSTKA'I'loNS.  11 

Occupations,  agriculture,  see  Agriculture. 

Occuiiations,  rlomestic  and  personal  service,  nee  Domestic  and  ]jersonal  service. 

Occupations,  manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits,  .vce  Manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits. 

Occupations,  mechanical  pursuits,  .w  Manufacturing  ami  mechanical  pursuits. 

Occupations,  mining  and  quarrying,  xea  Mining  and  <|uarrying. 

Occupations,  personal  service,  .sec  Domestic  and  personal  .'service. 

Occupations,  professional  service,  xi'c  Professional  service. 

Occupations,  quarrying,  see  Mining  and  quarrying. 

Occupations,  trade  and  transportation,  .tec  Trade  and  lrans[)orlation. 

Occupations,  transportation,  sec  Trade  and  transportation. 

Parentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  specified  jiarentage,  by  iirincipal  oc(ui>atioiis:  1900 Plates  94,  9."),  and  !»(>. 

Personal  service,  see  Domestic  and  personal  service. 

Poland— Distribution  of  natives  of  Polan<l,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  ] ,  Plate  73. 

Polish  parentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Polish  parentage,  by  principal  occupations:  1900 Diagram  .3,  Plate  96. 

Population: 

Age  and  sex  in  percentages  of  total  pcj]iuhiti.iii :   191)11,  lS9tl,  and  l.S.so Plate  80. 

Center  of  population:  1900 Map,  Plate  15. 

Center  of  population,  1790  to  1900,  and  the  median  point,  1900,  1S90,  and  1880 Map,  Plate  16. 

Composition  of  the  population  of  states  and  territories,  including  resident  natives,  native  immigrants,  and 

foreign  born,  with  per  cent  of  native  emigrants,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  47. 

Conjugal  condition  of  total  population:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  32. 

Density  of  increase  of  iiopulation:  1S90  to  1900 Map,  Plate  25  and  Carto- 

gram  5,  Plate  27. 

Density  of  population :  1900 Cartogram  1 ,  Plate  27. 

Density  of  ])Opulat  ion  at  each  census Diagram  2,  Plate  1 7. 

Density  of  population,  by  states  and  territories:   IIIOO Diagram  2,  Plate  24. 

Distrilmtion  of  population — 

1 790 Map,  Plate  2. 

1800 - ^lap,  Plate  3. 

1810 Map,  Plate  4. 

1820 Map,  Plat*  5. 

1830 Map,  Plate  6. 

1840 Maj),  Plate  7. 

1850 Map,  Plate  8. 

1800 Jlap,  Plate  9. 

1870 Map,  Plate  10. 

1 880 Maj),  Plate  11. 

1890 ^ra[>,  Plate  12. 

1900 Map,  Plate  1.3: 

Elements  of  population:  1900 Plate  41. 

Increase  of  population  in  the  Tnited  States  and  the  principal  countries  of  Kuro)>e:   I.SOO  to  1900 Plate  14. 

Projiortion  of  increa,><e  of  total  jiopulatiiin:   1S90  to  1900 . .  Cartogram  3,  Plate  27  and 

.Maji,  Plate  28. 

Kank  of  states  and  territories  in  po])ulation  at  each  census Plate  21. 

Total  and  urban  iiopulation  at  each  census -' Diagram  1,  Plate  17. 

Total  and  urban  popiilation,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  24. 

Total  population  and  its  elements  at  each  census Plate  42. 

Total  population  of  cities  of  more  than  100,000  inhabitants:  1 900 Diagram  3,  Plate  24. 

Total  pojiulation  of  each  state  and  territory  at  each  c(misus I^lates  18  and  19. 

Total  population  of  great  cities  at  each  census Plate  23. 

Population,  aggregate: 

Aggregate  population,  by  age  and  se.\,  by  states  and  territories:   1900 Plates  33  and  34. 

Conjugal  conilition  of  aggregate  (jopulation,  by  age  and  sex,  in  proportions  of  the  total  number  of  each  age 

group:  1890 Plate  77. 

Conjugal  condition  of  aggregate  poimlatinn,  liy  age  :uid  sex,  in  proportions  of  the  total  number  of  each  age 

group:  1900 Plate  77. 

Population  10  years  of  age  and  over: 

Elements  of  the  poiiulation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  cla.ssitied  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage- 

earners:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  89. 

Proportion  of  illiterates  among  the  total  iiopulation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  states  and  territories: 

1900  and  1890 Plate  82. 

Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  color  and  general  nativity,  classilied  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage- 

earners:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  89. 

Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  classified  as  wage-earnei-s  and  nonwage-earners:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  89. 

Predominating  sex :  1900 Map,  Plate  29  and  Carto- 
gram 1,  Plate  76. 

Professional  service — Proportion  of  persons  cugagi'd  in  professional  service  to  all  wage-earnei-s:  1900 ^^artogram  6,  Plate  91. 

Quarrying,  see  Mining  and  quarrying. 

9, 


12  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Race: 

Classification  of  occupations,  by  race  and  nativity;  1900 Plate  87. 

Proportions,  b)-  nativity  and  race,  of  persons  engaged  in  princiiial  occupations:  1900 Plate  88. 

Russia — Distribution  of  natives  of  Russia,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  73. 

Russian  parentage — Distribution  (jf  wage-earners  of  Russian  jiarentage,  by  principal  nccupations:   1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  96. 

Scandinavians: 

Density  of  Scandinavians:  1900 Map  1,  Plate  09. 

Geographical  distribution  of  Scandinavians,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  1,  Plate  71. 

Proportion  of  Scamliuavians  t(j  tr>tal  population:  1900 Map  2,  Plate  H9. 

Sex: 

Elements  of  the  populatinn   10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  classified  as  wage-earners  ami   nonwage- 

earners:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  89. 

Popjulation  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  classified  as  wage-earners  and  non wage-earners:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  89. 

Predominating  sex :  1900 Map,  Plate  L'9  and  Carto- 

grani  1,  I'late  76. 
Sex  and  age,  xef  Age  and  sex. 

Slavs — Geographical  distriljution  of  Slavs,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  4,  Plate  70. 

State  of  birth  of  native  population,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  48. 

States  and  territories: 

Composition  of  the  population  of  states  and  territories,  including  resident  natives,  native  immigrants,  and 

fc ireign  born,  with  per  cent  of  native  emigrants:  1900 Plate  47. 

Constituents  of  population  of  states  and  territories:  1900 I'late  43. 

Distribution  of  persons  l)orn  in  each  specified  state  and  territory  who  are  living  in  other  states  and  terri- 
tories: 1900 Plate  49. 

Rank  of  states  and  territories  in  pojnilation  at  each  census Plate  21. 

Total  population  of  each  state  and  territory  at  each  census Plates  IS  and  19. 

Sweden,  see  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark. 

Swedish  parentage — Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  Swedish  ])arentage,  by  principal  occupations;  1900 Diagram  5,  Plate  95. 

Teutons — Geographical  distribution  of  Teutons,  by  states:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  1,  Plate  70. 

Trade  and  transportation — Proportion  of  persons  engaged  in  trade  and  transp<.irtation  to  all  wage-earners;  1900.  Cartogram  4,  Plate  91. 
Transportation,  xee  Trade  and  transportation. 
Urban  population: 

Proportion  of  urban  to  total  iiopulation :  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  27. 

Proportion  of  urban  to  total  population  at  each  census Diagram  3,  Plate  17. 

Propi irtiou  of  urban  to  total  population,  by  states  and  territories,  at  each  census Plate  20. 

Total  and  urban  population  at  each  census Diagram  1,  Plate  17. 

Total  and  urban  population,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  24. 

Voters: 

Proportion  of  illiterates  among  native  white  voters:  1900 Maji,  Plate  79. 

Proportion  of  illiterates  among  negro  voters:  1900 Map,  Plate  80. 

Voting  age; 

Constituents  of  male  population  of  voting  age,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  46. 

Males  of  voting  age,  by  color  and  nativity,  and  by  illiteracy,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  81. 

Proportion  of  aliens  to  total  foreign  born  ujales  of  voting  age,  in  each  specified  nativity;  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  74. 

Wage- earners: 

Distribution  of  wage-earners  of  specified  parentage,  by  jirincipal  occupations:  1900 Plates  94,  9.i,  and  96. 

Elements  of  the  population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  classified  as  wage-earners  and  uiin wage-earn- 
ers: 1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  89. 

Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  colorand  general  nativity,  classified  as  wage-earners  and  nonwagc- 

earners;  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  89. 

Population  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex,  I'lassified  as  wage-earners  and  non  wage-earners:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  89. 

Prop! irtions  of  persons  engaged  in  certain  groups  of  occupations  to  all  wage-earners:  1900 Plate  91. 

Proportions  of  persons  engaged  in  each  class  of  occupations,  Ijy  states  and  territories:  1890 Plate  93. 

Proportions  of  per.sons  engaged  in  each  class  of  occupations,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  92. 

White  population: 

x\ge  and  sex  in  percentages  of  white  population ;  1900,  ISHO,  and  1880 Plate  .30. 

Percentage  of  white  and  negro  population  in  certain  states  at  each  census Plate  54. 

White  population  of  foreign  parentage — Proiiortion  of  white  population  of  foreign  jiarentage  to  total  pojnila- 
tion: 1900 Cartogram  4,  Plate  27aud 

:\lap,  Plate  75. 

White  ]ii>pulatiiin  of  foreign  j)arentage,  including  fureign  burn  white  ]p(>pulatiiin,  by  states  and  territories:   1900.  Diagram  1,  Plate  74. 
White  population  of  foreign  parentage  10  years  of  age  and  over — Proportion  of  white  population  of   foreign 

parentage  10  years  of  age  and  over,  who  can  not  speak  iMiglish,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  86. 

VITAL  S^IWTISTICS. 

Accidents  and  injuries  I  exx'luding  suicides) — Death  rates  from  accidents  ami  injuries  in  eai'h  month  for  cities 

and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  .states:  1900 Diagram  1,  I'late  125. 

Apoplexy  and  paralysis — Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  ajioplexy  and  paralysis  at  each  age  in  the 

registration  area:  1900  anil  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  122. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTIJA'I'IONS.  13 

Birthplace  of  mothers: 

Comparative  dcatli  rates  per  1,000  of  pojiulation  umler  15  and  from  15  to  45  years  of  ape  in  cities  in  the 

registration  states,  by  birtiiplace  of  mothers:  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  111. 

Comparative  death  rates  per  1,000  of  poimlation  under  15  and  from  15  to  45  years  of  age  in  rural  districts 

of  the  registration  states,  hy  birthplace  of  mothers:  1000 Diagram  1',  Platr  111. 

Bones  and  joints,  disea.ses  of — Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  diseases  of  the  bones  and  joints  at  each 

age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  124. 

Bronchitis — Comparative  projiortion  of  deaths  fmni  bronchitis  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  1890  Diagram  2,  Plate  123. 

Cancer — Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  cancer  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  1890 Plate  121. 

Cancer  and  tumor — Death  rates  from  canceraml  tumor  per  100,000  of  population  in  the  registration  states:  1900  Maps,  Plates  103  and  104. 
Cerebro-spinal  fever: 

Comparative  pniportiim  of  clcatbs  from  c(T('lini-s])inal  f<'Ver  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and 

1 890 Diagram  2,  Plate  1 1 S. 

Death  rates  from  cerebro-spinal  fever  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  dL^tricts  of  the  registration  states: 

1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  1 18. 

Circulatory  system,  disea.=es  of — Death  rates  from  diseases  of  the  circulatory  system  in  each  month  for  cities 

and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagraml,  Plate  122. 

Color — Death  rates  per  1,000  of  pojiulation  in  the  registration  states,  by  sex,  color,  and  general  nativity:  1900. .   Diagram  3,  Plate  111. 
Colored  population: 

Death  rates  of  the  white  and  the  colored  per  1,000  of  population  in  certain  cities:   1900 Diagram  7,  Plate  111. 

Proportion  of  deaths  from  certain  cau.ses  per  1,000  deaths  from  all  causes  among  the  white  and  the  colored 

in  the  United  States:  1900 Diagram  .5,  Plate  111. 

Consumption: 

Comparative  proportion  nf  deaths  from  consumption  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  120. 

Death  rates  from  consumjition  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:   1900..   Diagram  1,  Plate  120. 

Death  rates  from  consumption  pi'r  100,000  nf  pnjiulatinn  in  the  registratinn  states:  1900 Maps,  Plates  101  and  102. 

Croup,  st><'  Diphtheria  and  croup. 

Death  rates  per  1,000  of  population  in  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagram  I,  Plate  111. 

Deaths: 

Percentages  of  deaths  from  certain  causes  in  the  registration  area;  1900  and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  112. 

Percentages  of  deaths  from  certain  causes  in  the  United  States:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  1,  Plate  112. 

Proportion  of  deaths  in  each  month  an<l  the  relative  proportions  at  all  ages  and  at  specified  age  groups  in 

the  United  States:  1900 Plate  1 13. 

Diabetes — Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  diabetes  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  1890..  Plate  121. 
Diarrheal  disea.«es: 

Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  diarrheal  diseases  (excluding  cholera  infantum )  at  each  age  in  the 

registration  area:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  119. 

Death  rates  from  diarrheal  diseases  in  each  month  lor  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states: 

1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  119. 

Digestive  system,  disea.«es  of — Death  rates  from  diseases  of  the  digestive  system  in  each  month  for  cities  and 

rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  124. 

Diphtheria — Death  rates  from  diphtheria  in  eaeh  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states: 

1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  1 15. 

Diphtheria  and  croup: 

Comparative  proportion  nf  deaths  froui  diplitheria  and  croup  at  specified  ages  in  the  registration  area:   1900 

and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  115. 

Death  rates  from  diphtheria  and  croup  per  100,000  of  population  in  the  registration  states:  1900 Maps,  Plates  105  and  106. 

Disease.s — Death  rates  from  certain  diseases  per  100,000  of  population  in  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagram  6,  Plate  111. 

Diseases,  general — Death  rates  from  general  diseases  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registra- 
tion states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  114. 

Dropsy,  nee  Heart  disease  and  dropsy. 

Erysipelas — Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  fnim  erysipelas  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  lOOOand  1890.   Diagram  2,  Plate  118. 

Heait  disease  and  ilrojisy — Com]iarati\e  proportion  of  deaths  from  heart  disease  and  dropsy  at  each  age  in  the 

registration  area:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  123. 

Influenza: 

Death  rates  from  influenza  in  each  moulli  fcir  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  117. 

Death  rates  from  influenza  per  100,000  of  population  in  the  registration  states:  1900 Maps,  Plates  107  and  108. 

Injuries,  see  .-Vccidents  and  injuries. 

Joints,  diseases  of,  see  Bones  and  joints,  diseases  of. 

Liver,  diseases  of — Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  diseases  of  the  liver  at  each  age  in  the  registration 

area:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  2,  Plate  124. 

Malarial  fever: 

Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  malarial  fever  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  1890..  Diagram  2,  Plate  116. 

Death  rates  from  malarial  fever  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900.  Diagram  1,  Plate  116. 

Measles — Death  rates  from  measles  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900. .  Diagram  2,  Plate  114. 

Nativity — Death  rates  per  1,000  of  population  in  the  registration  states,  by  sex,  color,  ami  general  nativity:  1900.  Diagram  3,  Plate  111. 

Nervous  system,  diseases  of — Death  rates  from  diseases  of  the  nervous  system  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural 

districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  122. 

Old  age — Death  rates  from  old  age  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900..   Diagram  1,  Plate  119. 
Paralysis,  fee  Apoplexy  and  paralysis. 


14  LIST  OF   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Pneumonia — Comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  ))neumonia  at  earli  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and 

1890 I >iai;rani  2,  Plate  120. 

Respiratory  system,  diseases  of — Death  rates  from  diseases  of  the  resjiiratory  system  in  eadi  njontli  for  cities 

and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  1211 

Scarlet  fever — Death  rates  from  scarlet  fever  in  eadi  montli  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration 

states:  1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  ll-'i. 

Scrofula  and  tabes — Comparative  ])ri>portion  of  deaths  from  scrofula  and  tabes  at  each  age  in  the  registration 

area:  1900  and  1S90 Plate  121. 

Sex — Death  rates  jier  1,000  of  popidation  in  the  registration  states,  by  sex,  color,  and  general  nativity:  1900..   Diagram  ?>,  Plate  111. 
Suicide: 

Coni]iarative  i>ro]Kirtion  of  deaths  from  suicide  at  specified  ages  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  ISlMj Diagram  2,  Plate  12-^. 

Death  rates  from  suici<le  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  12."i. 

Tabes,  see  Scrofula  and  tabes. 
Tumor,  see  Cancer  anil  tvunor. 
Typhoid  fever: 

Comparative  ]iroportion  of  deaths  from  tyiihoid  fever  at  each  age  in  the  registration  area:  1900  and  1S90..   Diagram  2,  Plate  117. 
Death  rates  from  typhoid  fever  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  tlistricts  of  the  registration  states:  1900.  Diagram  1,  Plate  117. 

Death  rates  from  typhoid  fever  jier  100,000  of  population  in  the  registration  states:  1900 JIaps,  Plates  109  and  i  10. 

White  population: 

Death  rates  of  the  white  and  the  colored  per  1,000  of  population  in  certain  cities:  1900 r)iagrani  7,  Plate  111. 

Proportion  of  deaths  from  certain  causes  per  1,000  deaths  from  all  causes  among  the  white  and  the  colored 

in  the  United  States:  1900 I )iagran]  .">,  Plate-  111. 

Whooping  cough — Death  rates  from  whooi>ing  cough  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  regis- 
tration states:  1900 l>iagram  1,  Plate  llti. 

AGRICULTURE. 

Acreage — Center  of  improved  acreage:  1900 Ma)!,  Plate  1.51. 

Acres  in  farms: 

Total  number  of  acres  in  farms  of  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  LSI. 

Total  number  of  improved  and  unimproved  acres  in  farms:  18.50  to  1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  12S. 

Total  number  of  improved  and  unimproved  acres  in  farms,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  131. 

Apples — Principal  regions  of  production:  1900 Map  1,  Plate  174. 

Apricots — Princijial  regions  of  production:  1900 IMap  2,  Plate  176. 

Area: 

Percentages  of  number  of  farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  by  area:  19O0 Plate  145. 

Percentages  of  mmilter  of  farms  of  specified  tenures,  cla.ssitied  by  area:  UlOO Plate  144. 

Area  in  farms,  improved — Relative  proportion  of  improved  and  unimproved  area  in  farms  to  total  area  of  tlie 

United  States:  1850  to  1900 I'late  127. 

Area  in  farms,  unimproved — Relatixe  jiroportion  of  improved  and  unimproved  ai-ea  in  fai-ms  to  total  area  of  the 

United  States:  1850  to  1900 Plate  1 27. 

Asses,  see  Horses. 
Barley: 

Average  yield  of  Ijarley  per  acre,  l)y  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  171. 

Production  of  barley,  by  .state.s  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  .S,  Plate  164. 

Production  of  barley  [ler  capita:  1900 Cartogram  4,  Plate  172. 

Production  of  barley  per  square  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  161. 

Buckwheat: 

Average  yield  of  buckwheat  per  acre,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  170. 

Production  of  buckwheat,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  164. 

Cattle,  neat: 

Number  of  neat  cattle  on  farms  and  ranges,  tjy  states  and  territories:   1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  150. 

Number  of  neat  cattle  per  .square  nule:   1900 -Alaj).  Plate  147. 

Center  of  agricultural  ]>roducts: 

1850  to  UK10 Map,  Plate  126. 

1900 Ma|..  I'late  151. 

Center  of  corn  ]iri>ductioii: 

1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

1900 Map,  Plate  151 . 

Center  of  cotton  ]iroduction:   UtOO Map,  I'late  151. 

Center  of  farm  values: 

1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

1900 Map,  Plate  151 . 

Center  of  farms,  agricultural  products,  population,  and  manufactures:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Center  of  gro.ss  farm  income:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Center  of  improved  acreage:  1900 Map.  Plate  151. 

Center  of  manufactures: 

18.50  to  1900 ._ Map.  Plate  120. 

1900 .Map,  I'UUe  151. 


LISI^  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS.  15 

Ceiiter  of  number  of  farms: 

1.S50  to  H)0() Map,  Plate  12ti. 

1900 Map,  Plate  151 . 

Center  of  oats  proiluctioii: 

1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

1900 Map,  Plate  151 . 

Center  of  population:   . 

1 790  to  1900 Mai.,  I'latc  126. 

1900 -Mail,  Plate  151 . 

Center  of  production  of  six  cereals:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Center  of  total  area  in  farms: 

18.50  to  1900 .Map,  Plate  1 26. 

1900  Map,  Plate  151 . 

Center  of  wheat  prociuetiou: 

1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Cereals — Center  of  production  of  six  cereals:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Cherries — Principal  region.s  of  production:  1900 Map  1,  Plate  175. 

Colored  farmers: 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  acre  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  hy  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  139. 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  farm  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  hy  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  1:59. 

Total  nundier  of  acres  in  farms  of  white  and  colored  farmers,  hy  states  and  territories:  19(X) Diagram  2,  Plate  131. 

Corn: 

Average  yield  of  corn  per  acre,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  169. 

Center  of  corn  production:  1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

Center  of  corn  production:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Production  of  corn:  18.50  to  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  1.52. 

Production  of  corn,  hy  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  163. 

Production  of  corn  per  cai)ita:  1900 Cartogram  1 ,  Plate  1 72. 

Production  of  corn  per  scpiare  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  154. 

Yield  of  corn  per  acre:  1900 Map,  Plate  155. 

Cotton : 

Average  yield  of  cotton  per  acre,  by  states  and  territoiies:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  170. 

Center  of  cotton  production:  1900 Maj),  Plate  151. 

Production  of  cotton:  18.50  to  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  1.52. 

Production  of  cotton,  hy  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  168. 

Production  of  cotton  |)er  capita:  1900 Cartogram  5,  Plate  172. 

Production  of  cotton  per  scjuare  mile:  1900 Man,  Plate  165. 

Yield  of  cotton  per  acre:  1900 Maj),  Plate  166. 

Crops: 

Comparison  of  value  of  crops  and  cost  of  irrigation  construction,  hy  states  and  territories:  1899 Diagram  3,  Plate  178. 

Production  of  principal  crops  per  capita:  1900 Cartograms,  Plate  172. 

Proportion  of  the  number  of  farms  of  s)iecifie(l  areas,  classified  by  principal  crops:  1900 Plate  141. 

Farm  area: 

Classification  i>f  farm  area,  liy  tenure,  by  states  and  territories:   1900  Plate  143. 

Farmers,  colored: 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  acre  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  hy  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  1.39. 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  farm  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1.  Plate  139. 

Total  number  of  acres  in  farms  of  w  bite  and  colored  farmers,  l)y  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  131. 

Farmers,  white: 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  acre  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  139. 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  farm  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1.  Plate  139. 

Total  number  of  acres  in  farms  of  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Di:igram  2.  Plate  131. 

Farms: 

.\verage  size  of  farms:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  1.30. 

Average  size  of  farms:  1900 Map,  Plate  129  and  Car- 
togram 4,  Plate  138. 

-Vverage  size  of  farms,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1.  Plate  130. 

Center  of  nundier  of  farms:  1850  to  1900 ilap,  Plate  126. 

Center  of  number  of  farms:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Center  of  total  area  in  farms:  1850  to  1900 ^lap,  Plate  126. 

Center  of  total  area  in  farms:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Classification  of  nundier  of  farms,  by  tenure,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  142. 

Number  of  farms:  1S50  to  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  130. 

Percentages  of  number  of  farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  by  area:  1900 Plate  145. 

Percentages  of  number  of  farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  by  principal  source  of  income:  1900 Plate  145. 

Percentages  of  nundier  of  farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  hy  race  of  farmer:  1900 Plate  145. 

Percentages  of  number  of  farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  hy  tenure:  1900 Plate  145. 

Percentages  of  number  of  farms  of  specilieil  tenures,  classified  hy  area:  1900 Plate  144. 

Percentages  of  number  of  farms  of  specified  tenures,  classified  by  income:  1900 Plate  144. 


16  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Farms — Continued. 

Percentages  of  number  of  farm.s  of  specified  tenures,  classified  liy  race:  1900 I'late  144. 

Percentages  of  number  of  farms  of  specified  tenures,  cla.ssified  by  source  of  income:  1900 Plate  144. 

Proportion  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  areas,  classified  by  amount  of  income:  1 900 Plate  141. 

Proportion  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  areas,  classified  liy  principal  crops:  1900 Plate  141. 

Proportion  of  the  number  of  farms  of  .specified  areas,  classified  by  race  of  occupants:  1900 Plate  141. 

Proportion  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  areas,  classified  by  tenure:  1900 Plate  141, 

Relative  proportion  of  improved  and  unimproved  area  in  farms  to  total  area  of  tlie  Ciiited  Stute.s:  1.H50  t(j 

1900 Plate  1 27. 

Total  number  of  acres  in  farms  of  white  and  culnred  farmers,  liy  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  L',  Plate  131. 

Total  number  of  improved  and  unimproved  acres  in  farms:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  li!S. 

Total  iiumlier  (jf  improved  and  unimproved  acres  in  farms,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  LSI. 

Farms  and  improvements — Percentage  of  increa-^^e  in  value  of  farms  and  improvements:  18.50  to  1900 Cartograms,  Plate  133. 

Farms  owned — Proportion  of  farms  owned  to  all  farms:  1900  and  1890 Ciirtograms,  Plate  140. 

Farm.?  rented  for  cash — Proportion  of  farms  rented  for  cash  to  all  farms:  1900  and  1890 Cartograms,  Plate  140. 

Farms  rented  on  share.? — Proportion  of  farms  rented  on  shares  t.)  all  farms:  1900  and  1.S90 Cartograms,  Plate  140. 

Figs — Principal  regions  of  |ir( xluction :  1900 Map  2,  Plate  177. 

Forage,  see  Hay  and  forage. 

Gains — trains  or  losses  in  impnjved  land:  is;)i)  to  liiOO Cartogram  .5,  Plate  1.38. 

Grains — Production  of  all  grains  jier  .square  mile  of  total  area:  1900 Map,  Plate  1.53. 

Grapes — Principal  regions  of  production:  1900 Map  2,  Plate  17."). 

Hay  and  forage — Production  of  hay  an<l  forage  per  square  mile:  1900 ^Ia]>,  Plate  102. 

Horses: 

Number  of  liorses,  mules,  and  asses  per  square  mile:  1900 ^lap,  Plate  149. 

Number  of  horses  on  farms  and  ranges,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  150. 

Imi^lements — Value  of  im]ilenients  and  machinery  on  farms:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  128. 

Income: 

Center  of  gross  farm  income:   1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Percentages  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specilied  incomes,  cla.ssilied  by  principal  source  of  income:  1900 I'late  145. 

Percentages  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  tenures,  classified  liy  income:  1900 Plate  144. 

Percentages  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  tenures,  classifieil  by  source  of  income:  1900 Plate  144. 

Projiortion  of  gro.ss  farm  income  to  total  farm  property:  1900 Cartogram  3,  Plate  138. 

Proportion  of  the  nundser  of  farms  of  specified  areas,  classified  by  amount  of  income:  1900 Plate  141. 

Increase — Percentage  of  increase  in  value  of  farms  and  improvements:  1850  to  1900 Cartograms,  Plate  133. 

Irrigated  land — Average  area  of  irrigated  land  on  farms,  by  states  and  territories;  1S99  and  ].S,S9 Diagram  4,  Plate  178. 

Irrigation: 

Comparison  of  number  of  irrigators  ami  area  irrigateil,  by  states  and  tcrritorie-^:   1S99  and  1.S89 1  liagram  2,  Plate  178. 

Relative  size  of  the  11  arid  states  and  territories  with  ]iroportion  in  jmljlic  land,  private  ownership,  farm 

area,  inqiroved  land,  and  irrigated  acreage:  1899 Diagram  1,  Plate  178. 

Irrigation  constnu'tion — Conii>arison  of  value  of  crops  and  cost  of  irrigation  construction.  Ijy  states  and  terri- 
tories: 1899 1  liagram  3,  Plate  1 78. 

Laml,  farm; 

.\verage  value  [ler  farm  of  farm  land  with  improvements,  including  buildings;   18.i0  to  1900 1  liagrauj  l<,  Plate  12S. 

Total  value  of  farm  land  with  improvements,  live  stock,  and  farm  implements,  by  states  and  territories: 

1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  136. 

Value  of  farm  land  jier  acre:  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  1.38. 

Value  of  farm  land  \v  itli  improvements:  1.S.50  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  128. 

Land,  improved; 

<  iains  or  losses  in  improved  land;  1890  to  1900 Cartogram  5,  Plate  1.38. 

Proportion  of  inqiroved  land  to  total  area:  1900 Map,  Plate  132  and  Car- 

t..gram  6,  Plate  138. 

Live  stock— Value  of  live  stock  on  farms:   18.50  to  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  128. 

Machinery,  see  Value  of  implements  and  njachinery  on  farms. 
Manufactures: 

Center  of  manufactures:  1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  120. 

Center  of  mamifactures:  1900 .Map,  Plate  151. 

Mules,  see  Horses. 
Neat  cattle: 

Xnndier  of  neat  I'attle  on  farms  and  ranges,  by  states  and  territories;   19(10 Diagram  2.  Plate  1511. 

Number  of  neat  cattle  i>er  square  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  147. 

Nectarines,  see  Peaches  and  nectarines. 
Oats; 

Averagi'  yield  of  o;its  per  acre,  liy  states  and  t<'rritorics:   190U ],)iagram  2,  I'late  109. 

Center  of  oats  production:  18.50  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

Center  of  oats  jiroduction :  1900 INIap,  Plate  151. 

Production  of  oats:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  .3,  I'late  1.52. 

Production  of  oats,  by  states  and  territories:   1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  164. 

Production  of  oats  per  cajiita:   1900 Cartogram  3,  Plate  172. 

Production  of  oats  per  sr|uare  nnle:   1900 Maji,  Plate  158. 

Yield  of  oats  per  acre:   1900 Map,  Plate  159. 


TJST  OF  ILr.rSTRAllOXS.  '         17 

Onions — Production  of  onions,  by  status:  1900 Diagram  5,  Plate  IfiS. 

Peaches  and  nectarini's — Principal  regions  of  iiroduotion:  1900 Map  1,  Plate  176. 

Pears — Principal  regions  of  production:  1900 Map  2,  Plate  174. 

Plums  and  prunes — Principal  regions  of  i)riiduction:  1900 Map  1,  Plate  177. 

Populatiiin: 

Center  of  populalicin:   1790  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

Center  of  populat  ion ;   1900 :\lap.  Plate  151. 

Potatoes; 

Producticm  of  imtatoes,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  S,  Plate  168. 

Production  of  potatoes  jier  sijuare  mile:  1900 iMap  1,  Plate  17.S. 

Potatoes,  sweet: 

Production  of  sweet  jwtatoeg,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  168. 

Production  of  sweet  potatoes  per  scjuare  mile:  1900 Map  2,  Plate  1 7.3. 

Products,  agricultural: 

Center  of  agricultural  products:  1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

Center  of  agri<'ultural  products:   1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Products,  farm: 

Average  value  of  farm  jjroducts  ]ier  farm,  by  states  and  territories:  19(X) Diagram  1,  Plate  137. 

Average  value  of  net  farm  products  |ier  acre,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  1.17. 

Total  value  of  farm  products,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagraiil  1,  Plate  136. 

\'alue  of  farm  products  per  acre:  1900 Cartogram  1 ,  Plate  138. 

Value  of  farm  products  i)cr  acre  of  improved  land:  1900 Map,  Plate  134. 

Value  of  farm  products  per  square  ndle:  1900 Map,  Plate  1.35. 

Property,  farm: 

Average  value  of  all  farm  jjroperty  iicr  farm:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  5,  Plate  128. 

Average  value  of  farm  |)roperty  per  acre  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories;  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  1.39. 

Average  value  of  farm  i)roperty  per  farm  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:   1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  1.39. 

Prunes,  src  Plums  and  prunes. 

Race — Percentages  of  the  number  of  farms  oi  siiecihed  teninvs,  classified  hy  race:  1900 Plate  144. 

Race  of  farmer — Percentages  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  by  race  of  farmer:  1900  . . .  Plate  145. 

Race  of  occupants — Proportion  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  areas,  classified  liy  race  of  occupant.s:  1900.  Plate  141. 
Rye: 

Average  yield  of  rye  per  acre,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  171. 

-   Production  of  rye,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  164. 

I'rocluction  of  rye  i>er  scpiare  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  160. 

Sheep: 

Nundier  of  slieep  on  farms  an<l  ranges,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  150. 

Number  of  sheep  per  square  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  148. 

States  and  territories — Relative  size  of  the  11  arid  states  and  territories  with  jiroportion  in  public  land,  private 

ownership,  farm  area,  improved  land,  and  irrigated  acreage:  1899 Diagram  1,  Plate  178. 

Swine: 

Number  of  swine  on  farms  and  ranges,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  150. 

Number  of  swine  per  s<)uare  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  146. 

Tenure; 

Classification  of  farm  area,  l)v  tenure,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 I'late  143. 

Classification  of  number  of  farms,  by  tenure,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  142. 

Percentages  of  the  number  of  farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  by  tenure:  1900 Plate  145. 

Proportion  of  tlie  number  of  farms  of  specified  areas,  classified  by  tenure:  1900 Plate  141. 

Tobacco: 

Production  of  tobacco,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  168. 

Production  of  tobacco  per  capita:  1900 Cartogram  (i.  Plate  172. 

Pro<luction  of  tobacco  per  square  mile:  1900 Maji,  Plate  167. 

Value: 

Average  value  of  all  farm  property  per  farm:  1S50  to  1900 Diagram  5,  Plate  128. 

Average  value  of  farm  jiroducts  jier  farm,  by  states  and  territories;  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  1.37. 

Average  value  of  farm  property  per  acre  for  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories;  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  139. 

Average  value  of  farm  jiroperty  per  farm  for  w-hite  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  139. 

Average  value  of  net  farm  products  per  acre,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  IMate  137. 

Average  value  per  farm  of  farm  land  with  improvements,  including  buildings:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  6,  Plate  128. 

Percentage  of  increase  in  value  of  farms  and  improvements:  1850  to  1900 Cartograms,  Plate  133. 

Total  value  of  farm  land  with  improvements,  live  stock,  and  farm  implements,  by  states  and  territories; 

1900 Diagram  2.  Plate  1.36. 

Total  value  of  farm  products,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  136. 

Value  of  crops — Comparison  of  value  of  crops  and  cost  of  irrigation  construction,  by  states  and  territories:  1899.  Diiigram  3,  Plate  178. 

Value  of  farm  land  per  acre;  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  1.38. 

Value  of  farm  land  with  improvements:  18.50  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  128. 

Value  of  farm  products  per  acre:  1900 Cartogram  1,  Plate  138. 

Value  of  farm  products  per  acre  of  improved  land :  1900 Map,  Plate  134. 


18  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Valiu"  I  if  farm  |ii-iKlurts  \ivr  ^^qiiare  luik':  19(111 Map,  Plate  135. 

Value  of  farms  aiul  impnivemeiits — Percentaj;e  of  increase  in  vahie  of  farms  ami  improvements:  1850  to  1900..  Cartograms,  Plate  133. 

Value  of  implements  ami  nuu-liinery  on  farms:  18.50  to  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  128. 

Value  of  live  stock  on  farms:   18.50  tn  lilOO Diagram  3,  Plate  128.     . 

Values: 

Center  of  farm  value.s:  18.50  tc  1900 Map,  Plate  126. 

Center  of  farm  values:  1900 Map,  Plate  151. 

Wheat: 

Average  yield  of  wheat  per  acre,  liy  states  ami  territories:  1900  Diagram  1,  Plate  170. 

Center  of  wheat  production:  1850  to  1900 ilap,  Plate  120. 

Center  i if  wheat  ]iroduction :  1900 Map,  Plate  151 . 

Proiluction  of  wheat:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  152. 

Production  of  wheat,  hy  .states  and  territories:  1900 - Diagram  1 ,  Plate  163. 

Production  of  wheat  per  capita:  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  172. 

Production  of  wheat  per  square  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  156. 

Yield  of  wheat  per  acre:  1900 Map,  Plate  157. 

White  farmers: 

Average  value  of  farm  jiroperty  pier  acre  for  wliite  ami  i-nlored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  139. 

-Average  vahie  iif  farm  property  per  farm  fur  A\hite  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  139. 

Total  number  of  acres  in  farms  of  white  and  colored  farmers,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  131. 

MANUFACTURES. 

Agricultural  implements : 

Value  of  iiroducts  of  agricultural  implements:  1850  tu  1900 Plate  193. 

Value  of  products  of  agricultural  implements,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  202. 

Value  of  products  of  agricultural  implements  per  sipiare  mile:  1900 Cartogram  4,  Plate  207. 

Agriculture: 

Products  of  manufactures  and  agriculture  per  capita  of  the  jiopulation,  by  states  and  territoi'ies:   1890 Plate  188. 

Products  of  manufactures  and  agriculture  per  capita  of  the  jiopjulation,  by  states  and  tei'iitories:  1900 Plate  187. 

Blast  furnaces,  see  Iron  and  steel  (blast  furnaces  and  rolling  mills). 
Boots  and  shoes  (factory  product): 

Value  of  products  of  boots  and  shoes  (factory  jiroduct),  by  states:  1900 Diagram  6,  Plate  201. 

Value  of  jjroducts  of  lioots  and  shoes  (factory  product)  per  .i^iinare  mile:  1900 Cartogram  6,  Plate  206. 

Brick,  .■.•(>•  Clay  jiroducts  (brick,  tile,  jiottery,  etc.). 
Butter,  xee  Cheese,  butter,  and  condensed  milk. 

Capital  invested  in  manufactures  at  each  census:  18.50  t(j  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  180. 

Capital  invested  in  manufactures,  by  state  groups:  1900 Diagram  2.  Plate  181 . 

Capital  invested  in  manufactures  in  each  state  and  territory:  1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  181. 

Capital,  wages,  and   jiroducts  of  manufactures,  for  100  counties  in  which  the  principal  cities  are  located:  1860 

to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  190. 

Capital,  wages,  ami  value  of  iiroducts  of  manufactures  for  urlian  ami  rural  districts:   1900 I'iagram  2,  Plate  192. 

Carriages  and  wagons: 

Value  of  products  of  carriages  and  wagons,  by  states:   1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  202. 

Value  of  products  of  carriages  and  wagons  per  sijuare  mile:  1900 Cartogram  5,  Plate  207. 

Cars  (construction  and  repairs ) : 

Value  of  products  of  cars  (construction  and  repairs),  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Hiagrain  3,  Plate  202. 

Value  of  products  of  cars  (construction  and  repairs)  jjer  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  6.  Plate  207. 

Cars  (steam  railroad) — Value  of  products  of  cars  (steam  railroad):  18.50  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Center  of  manufactures  at  each  decade:  1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  179. 

Center  of  population:  1790  to  1900 Jlap,  Plate  179. 

Cheese,  butter,  and  comlensed  milk: 

Value  of  ])roducts  of  cheese,  butter,  and  condensed  milk,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1 ,  Plate  198. 

Value  of  products  of  cheese,  butter,  and  condensed  milk  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  204. 

Chemicals  and  allied  products: 

Value  of  chemicals  and  allied  iirnducts,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  I,  Plate  203. 

^'alue  of  chemicals  and  allied  jiroducts  per  square  mile:   1900 Cartogram  2.  Plate  206. 

Clay  products— Value  of  clay  products:  1850  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Clay  products  (brick,  tile,  pottery,  etc.): 

Value  of  clay  jiroducts  (brick,  tile,  pottery,  etc.),  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  201. 

A'alue  of  clay  products  (brick,  tile,  pottery,  etc.)  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  5,  Plate  204. 

Clothing,  men's  an<l  women's — Value  of  products  of  men's  and  women's  clnthing:   1850  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Clothing,  men's  ami  women's  (factory  product): 

Value  of  products  of  men's  and  women's  clothing  (factory  product),  by  states:  1900 Diagram  6,  Plate  199. 

Value  of  products  of  men's  and  women's  clothing  I  factory  jiroduct),  for  22  cities:  1900 Diagram  5,  I'late  lOit. 

Value  (if  |iniilucts  nf  men's  and  women's  clothing  ( facto)  y  product)  jier  square  mile:  1900 Cartogi-am  0,  Plate  205. 

Clothing,  men's  ami   women's   (total    factory   jiroduct) — Vahu-  of   products  of    men's   and   women's  clothing 

(total  factory  jiroduct),  by  states:   1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  199. 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS.  19 

Coke: 

Value  (if  |)roihu'ts  of  coke,  by  state.-;:  1900 Diafrrain  2,  I'late  201. 

Value  of  pnicliK'ts  of  coke  ]ier  pquare  mile:   liKlO Cartogram  2,  Plate  207. 

Condcn.sed  milk,  aci'  Chee.«e,  butler,  ami  r-. iinleiised  milk. 
Cotton  jjodils: 

Value  (if  products  of  cotton  goods:  1850  to  1900 I'late  193. 

Value  of  products  of  cotton  goods,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  5,  Plate  198. 

Valu(^  of  products  of  cotton  goods  per  sqnare  mile:  1900 Cartogram  2,  Plate  205. 

Cotton  production,  exports,  and  consumption:  IK.'iO  tn  1900 Plate  197. 

Flour  and  grist  mill  products: 

Value  of  flour  and  grist  mill  imjducts:   IH.'iO  to  1900 Plate  UCi. 

Value  of  (liiur  and  grist  mill  products,  liy  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  200. 

Value  (if  lldur  and  grist  mill  products  ]>cr  si|uar(>  mile:    1900 Cartogram  1.  Plate  204. 

Glass: 

Value  of  imiducts  of  glass:  1850  to  1900 Plate  198. 

ValiU'  of  products  of  glass  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  (i,  Plate  204. 

Glass  (including  glass  cutting,  staining,  and  ornamenting) — N'aluc  .if  pruducts  of  glass  (including  glas.s  cutting, 

staining,  and  ornamenting),  by  states:  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  201. 

Gristmill  jiroducts,  see  Flour  and  grist  mill  products. 
Hosiery  and  knit  goods: 

Value  of  jiroducts  of  Imsicry  and  knit  goods:   IS.'H)  to  1900 Plate  W.i. 

Value  of  products  of  hosiery  and  knit  goods,  liy  states:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  199. 

Value  (if  products  of  hosiery  and  knit  goods  per  square  mile:  1900 Carttjgram  5,  Plate  205. 

Ice,  manufactured  —  N'aluc  nf  |ii-(idu(ts  . if  manufactured  ice,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  198. 

Industrii!s: 

Value  of  products  of  certain  manufacturing  industries:  18.50  to  1900 Plate  19.'5. 

Value  of  products  of  manufactures  for  grou|is  of  industries:  1900  and  1890 Diagram  1,  Plate  192. 

Industries,  selected — Value  of  products  of  selected  industries,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plates  198  to  20.3,  inclu- 
sive. 
Iron  and  steel: 

Value  of  iircidnct.s  of  iron  and  .steel:  1870  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Value  of  products  of  iron  and  steel,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  201. 

Iron  and  steel  (blast  furnaces  and  rolling  nulls) — Value  of  products  of  iron  and  steel  (blast  furnaces  and  rolling 

mills!  pier  sijuare  mile:  1900 Cartogram   1,   Plate  207. 

Knit  goods,  mv  Hosiery  and  knit  goods. 
Leather  (tanned,  curried,  and  finished  J: 

Value  of  products  of  leather  (tanned,  I'urried,  and  finished) :  1850  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Value  of  products  of  leather  (tanned,  curried,  and  finished),  by  states:  1900 Diagram  5,  Plate  201. 

Value  of  jiroducts  of  leather  (tanned,  cm-ried,  and  finished)  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  5,  Plate  206. 

Li(luors  (distilled,  malt,  and  vinous): 

Value  of  products  (if  liquors  (distilled,  mall,  ami  vinmis):   1S.50  tn  lltOO Plate  193. 

Value  of  iiroducts  of  liquors  (distilled,  malt,  and  vinous),  by  states:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  1!I8. 

Value  of  products  of  lii]Uors  ( distilled,  malt,  and  vinous)  per  .s()uare  mile:  1900 Cart(_igram  4,  Plate  204. 

Lumber — Pro(lncti(5n  of  lumber  at  each  census   in  each  state  in  which  this  industry  i.-^  ot  importance:   18.M)  to 

1900 Plate  194. 

Lumber  and  timber  products: 

Value  of  lumber  and  timber  products:  1850  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Value  of  lumber  and  timber  products,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  202. 

Value  (if  lui  111  icr  and  limber  )  in  id  nets  per  sipiare  mile:   1900 Map,  Plate  196  and  Car- 
togram 3,  Plate  207. 

Lundier  industry — Materials  and  products  ^logging  canqis,  sawmills,  and  jilaning  mills):   1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  19.5. 

Lumber  industry  and  its  products  ( logging  camps,  sawmills,  and  planing  mills  1,  by  states  and  territories:  1900. .  Diagram  1,  Plate  195. 
Manufactures: 

Center  of  manufactures  at  each  decade:  1850  to  1900 Map,  Plate  179. 

Products  of  manufactures  and  agriculture  per  capita  of  the  population,  by  states  and  territories:  1890 Plate  188. 

Products  of  manufactures  and  agriculture  per  capita  of  the  ])opnlation,  by  states  and  territ(mes:  1900 Plate  187. 

Meat  packing,  see  Slaughtering  and  meat  packing. 
Paper  and  wood  pulp: 

Value  (if  products  of  paper  and  wond  pulp:  18.50  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Value  of  products  of  paper  and  wond  jmlp,  by  states:   1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  203. 

Value  of  jiroducts  of  paper  and  wood  pulp  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  3,  Plate  206. 

Petroleum  refining: 

Value  of  products  of  jietn ileum  rclining,  by  states:  lilOO Diagram  2,  Plate  20.3. 

Value  of  pixxlucts  of  petroleum  refining  jier  square  mile:   1900 Cartogram  1,  Plate  206. 

Population — Center  of  population:  1790  to  1900 Map,  Plate  179. 

Pottery,  see  Clay  products  (lirick,  tile,  pottery,  etc.). 

Printing  and  publishing — Value  of  products  of  printing  and  jiulilishing  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  4,  Plate  206. 

Printing  and  pulilishing  (book  and  job,  nuisic,  and  newspapers') — Value  of  products  of  printing  and  publishing 

(book  and  j( lb,  music,  ;md  newspapers),  by  states  and  territ(.iries:  1900 Diagram  4.  Plate  203. 


20  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Pn  .ducts: 

Capital,  wages,  ami  pnidiu'ts  of  maiuifactures,  Idi-  luO  I'uunticM  in  wliic-h  tlif  ]>riin-ipal  cities  are  located; 

1860  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  190. 

Capital,  wages,  and  value  of  j)roducts  of  manufactures  for  urban  and  rural  districts:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  192. 

Value  of  all  manufactured  products,  and  proportional  value  of  each  grouji:  ISSO  to  19(XI Plate  191. 

Value  of  products  of  manufactures  at  each  census:  18.50  to  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  180. 

Value  of  products  of  manufactures,  by  states  and  territories,  at  e:ich  census:  IS.jO  to  1900 Plate  184. 

Value  of  products  of  manufactures  in  certain  manufacturing  cities:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  191). 

Value  (if  products  of  manufactures  in  the  1"  leading  states:  1870  to  1900 Plate  186. 

Value  of  jirodncts  of  manufactures  per  square  mile:  1900 Map,  Plate  18.5  and  Plates 

20-t  to  207,  inclusive. 
Publishing,  .ice  Printing  and  publishing. 

Rolling  mills,  see  Iron  and  steel  I  blast  furnaces  and  rolling  mills). 
Rural : 

Ca|)ital,  wages,  and  \alue  of  producti<  of  manufactures  for  uriian  and  rural  districts:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  192. 

A'alue  of  products  of  uriian  and  rural  manufactures,  Ijy  state  groups:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  190. 

Shodd)',  stv  Woolen  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  ami  shoddy. 
Shoes,  -tee  Boots  and  shoes  (factory  product). 

Silk— Value  of  products  of  silk :  1850  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Silk  and  silk  goods: 

Value  of  products  of  silk  and  silk  goods,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  199. 

Value  of  products  of  silk  and  silk  goods  per  square  mile:  1900 ( 'artogram  4,  Plate  205. 

Slaughtering  and  meat  packing: 

Value  of  products  of  slaughtering  and  meat  packing:  1850  to  1900 Plate  193. 

Value  of  products  of  slaughtering  and  meat  packing,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  200. 

Value  of  products  of  slaughtering  and  meat  packing  for  13  cities:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  200. 

Value  of  products  of  slaughtering  and  meat  pai.-ki)ig  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  3,  Plate  204. 

Steel,  Ki'c  Iron  and  steel. 
Textiles: 

V:du.'  uf  j.roducts  of  textiles,  by  states:  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  198. 

Value  of  products  of  textiles  per  square  mile:  1900 Cartogram  1,  Plate  205. 

Tile,  sir  Clay  jiroducts  (brick,  tile,  pottery,  etc.). 
Timber  products,  m,-  l^umlierand  timber  iiroducts. 
PIrban : 

Capital,  wages,  and  value  of  |>roducts  o{  manufactures  for  u''!>an  and  rural  districts:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  192. 

Proportion  of  urban  to  total  i>rodncts  of  manufactures,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Plate  189. 

Value  of  products  of  urban  ami  rural  manufactures,  by  state  groups:  1900 Diagram  3,  Plate  190. 

AVage-earners: 

Average  number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures  at  each  census:  1850  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  180. 

Average  number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures,  by  state  groups:  190() Diagram  2,  Plate  182. 

Average  number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures,  by  states  and  territories:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  182. 

Proportion  of  average  number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures  to  population  at  each  census: 

1850  to  1900 Diagram  4,  Plate  180. 

Projiortion  of  average  number  of   wage-earners  employed   in  manufactures  to  total   jiopulation,  by  states: 

1900 I'late  183. 

Wages: 

Capital,  wages,  and   proilucts  of  manufactures,  for  100  counties  in  which  tlie  princij.al  cities  are  located; 

1860  to  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  190. 

Capital,  wages,  and  value  of  products  of  manufactures  for  urlian  and  rural  districts:  1900 Diagram  2,  Plate  192. 

Wagons,  see  Carriages  and  w'agons. 
Wood  pulp,  see  Paper  and  wood  pulj). 

Wool — Value  of  products  of  wool  per  square  mile;  1900 Cartogram  3,  Plate  205. 

AVool  hats,  see  Woolen  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  and  shoddy. 

Wool  manufactures — \'alue  of  jiroducts  of  wool  manufactures:  1.S50  to  1900 Plate  193. 

AVoolen  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  and  shoildy — A'alue  of  products  of  woolen  goods,  worsted  goods, 

wool  hats,  and  shoddy,  liy  states:  1900 Diagram  1,  Plate  199. 

Worsted  goods,  see  Woolen  goods,  worsted  goods,  wool  hats,  ami  shoddy. 


LKTTKli  OK  TRANSMITTAL. 


UNITED  STATES  CENSUS  OFFICE. 

Wmhinqfon.  D.   ('..  Jurw  G.  Mm. 
Sik: 

1  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  for  pul)liciiti<)ii  the  Stutistical   Atia^.  of  the  Twelfth  Census. 

'I'he  illustrations,  which  are  n(>cessarily  confined  to  the  four  subjects.  Population,  \'ital  Statistics,  Agri- 
culture, and  Manufactures,  were  prepared  under  the  su])ervision  of  Mr.  Henry  Gannett,  Geographer  of  the 
Twelfth  Census.  For  valuable  suggestions  regarding  the  nia])s  and  diagrams  used  in  illusti-ating  the  figures  of 
the  main  reports,  the  Geographer  is  much  indebted  to  Mr.  William  C.  Hunt,  Chief  Statistician  for  I'opuialion; 
Mr.  William  A.  King,  Chief  Statistician  lor  Vital  Statistics:  Mr.  Lc  Grand  Powers,  Chief  Statistician  for 
Affriculture;  ]Mr.  S.  M.  D.  North.  IIh'  former  Chief  Statistician  for  Manufactnr(>s.  and  ^Ir.  William  M.  Steuart, 
the  present  Chief  Statistician. 

^'('ry    respectfully. 

Chaijles  S.  Sloan*;, 

Ln    Chary e  of  Geogrnphiail  Divhiou. 

Hon.  WiLi.iAM  11.  Mkkuiam. 

Director  cf  tlo'   ( '<  nxtix. 

(21) 


POPULATION. 


(23) 


POPULATION. 


The  population  of  tlic  UnitcHl  States  and  its  insiiiai- 
po.ssessioiis.  June  1,  19U0,  was  <S4,2l38,0»)i».  and  the  ^vohh 
area3,7-t<),l!)2  square  mile.s,  a.s  .siiowii  in  Table  1. 


Tabic  1. —  United  States. 


Aggregate 
population. 

Gros,s  area 
(square 
miles). 

(Inited  States 

84,233,069 

3, 746, 192 

Area  of  enumeration ' 

76,303,387 
29,000 

=6,901,339 
953,243 
-'6, 100 

3,622,933 

201 

119  .512 

Guam 

Philippine  Islands 

Porto  Rico 

3,435 
81 

Samoa 

1  Twelfth  Census,  Vol.  II.  table  I.  page  xvii. 


-  Estimated. 


The  increase  in  population  over  tiie  returns  of  the 
census  of  1790  was  80,303,S55,  or  more  than  twenty 
times  the  population  returned  at  the  Fir.st  Census. 
The  area  was  extended  from  843,799  square  miles  to 
3,746,192  square  miles,  an  increase  of  2,902.893  stju.are 
miles,  which  is  nearly  three  and  one-half  times  the  area 
of  the  original  thirteen  states,  as  .shown  in  Table  2,  in 
which  is  yiven  the  gross  area,  aggregate  pt)))ulation, 
increase,  tind  percentage  of  increa.se  at  each  census, 
from  1790  to  1900. 

Table  2.—  United  States. 


CENSUS. 

Gross  area 
(square 
miles). 

Aggregate 
population. 

Increase. 

Percent- 
age of 
increase. 

1790 

843,799 

843. 799 

1  734  720 

3,929,214 

.5,308,4,83 

7,239,881 

9, 638, 453 

12, 806, 020 

17,069,453 

2:^,191.870 

31,443,321 

38,558.371 

50,189,209 

02, 979, 766 

84,233,069 

"'""i,"  379,' 269' 
1,931.398 
2, 398, 572 
3,227,567 
4, 203. 433 
6,122,423 
8,251,445 
7,115,050 
11,630,838 
12,790,557 
21,253,303 

1800 

35.1 
36.4 
33.1 
33.5 
32.7 
35.9 
35.0 
22.6 
30.2 
25.5 
33.7 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

1,793.400 
1,793,400 
1,  793,  400 
2,994,583 
3, 025. 600 
3,616,484 
3,010.484 
3,616,4*4 
3,746,192 

Table  3  gives  the  gross  areti  :uid  "date  of  annexation 
of  each  accession  of  territory  from  L79o  to  1900.  The 
boundaries  of  the  original  tliirtecn  states  and  the  acces- 
sions of  territory  prior  to  18(57  are  shown  on  Plate  1. 


Table  S. — Accessionn  of  temtory. 


ACCESSION'. 


Original  thirteen  states . 

Louisiana  purchase  ^ 

Florida 

Texas 

Oregon  territory  - 

Mexican  cession 

Gadsden  purchase 

Ala.ska 

Hawaii 

Guam 

Philippine  Islands 

Porto  Rico 

Samoa 


Date  ac- 
quired. 


1803 
1819 
1W5 
1810 

1848 
18,53 
1867 
1898 


1900 


GROSS  AREA  (StiUARE 
MILES). 


Area  of 
acceasion. 


Total  urea. 


890,921 

58,680 

389, 616 

28.5, 123 

526,  444 

31,017 

590,884 

6,449 

201 

119,542 

3,435 

81 


843,799 
1,7.34,720 
1,793,400 
2,183,016 
2,468,139 
2,994,583 
.3,025,600 
3,616,484 
3,622,933 

3,740,111 

3,746,192 


1  Includes  territory  between  the  Perdido  and  Mississippi  rivers;  area,  10,920 
square  miles. 

■-  Claimed  by  discovery,  1792;  exploration.  1805;  .\storia  settlement,  1811 ;  Span- 
ish cession,  1819;  British  claims  extinguished,  1846,  and  area  included  at  that 
date. 

Table  4  shows  at  each  census  the  land  tirea,  popula- 
tion, increase,  percentage  of  increa.se,  and  number  of 
persons  to  :i  square  mile  for  continental  United  States, 
that  is,  the  jioptilation  of  the  United  States,  e.vclusive 
of  Alaska,  th<^  insuhir  possessions,  and  persons  in  the 
militiiry  and  iia\;i]  service  of  the  United  States  sta- 
tioned abroad. 

'Table  4- — Continental  United  States. 


1790 . . . . 
1800  . . . . 
1810.... 
1820  . . . . 
1830.... 
1840.... 
18.50  . . . . 

1800 

1870.... 
1880  .... 
1890. 


Land  area 
(square 
miles). 


Population.! 


=819,466 
819,466 
ai, 698, 107 
<  1,7.52,  ^7 
1,752,347 
1,7,52,317 
'2,939,021 
•2,970,038 
2,970,038 
2, 970, 0.38 
2,970,038 
1900 j      '2,970,230; 


3,929,214 

.5,308,483 

7,239.8,81 

9,638,453 

12,866,020 

17,069,453 

23,191,876 

31,443,321 

38,558,371 

50,1.55,783 

62,022,2.50 


Increase. 


567 
43;! 
4-23 
445 
0.50 
412  ' 
467 
5,568,686  I      12,916,436 


1,379, 
1,931, 
2,398, 
3,227, 
4,20!. 
6,122. 
8,2.51. 
7, 115, 
11,597, 
12,466, 


Percent- 
age of 
increase. 


35.1 
36.4 
33.1 
.33. 5 
32.7 
,3.5.9 
35.6 
22  6 
30!l 
24.9 
20. 7 


Number 
of  per- 

sf)n.s  to  a 
square 
mile. 


4.8 

6.5 

4.3 

5.5 

7.3 

9.7 

7.9 

10.6 

13.0 

16.9 

21.1 

25.4 


'  Exclusive  of  Indians  in  Indian  Territory  and  on  Indian  reservations.  (See 
Twelfth  Census.  Vol.  I,  table  ill,  page  xix.) 

-  (!)rigiiuil  thirteen  states. 

^  Louisiana  inircha.se  added;  area,  878.641  square  miles. 

*  Florida  added;  area,  .54.240  square  miles. 

^.Vrea  atl<Ied — Texas,  385.926  square  miles;  Oregon  territory,  280.0.80  .square 
miles;   Mexican  cession.  .520.0(»8  square  miles. 

"Gadsden  purchase  acided;  area.  31.017  square  miles. 

'  Area  gained  by  drainage  of  I.jike  Tulare,  California,  192  square  miles. 

(25) 


26 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


'I'hc  density  of  poijubitioii  of  the  I'liitcil  Stiitos.  con- 
toini'd  in  Tuble  4.  (lifi'crs  from  tiiat  o-i\cii  in  tal)li'  xii. 
Twelfth  Census.  Volume  1.  paoe  xxxiii.  o\Yint;'  to  the 
addition  to  the  Louisiana  purchase  of  the  territory  be- 
tween the  I'erdido  and  ^Mississippi  rivers,  in  dispute 
with  S])iiin;  the  inelusion  of  Oreoon  territory  in  184(;, 
instead  of  1><(>3:  as  well  as  to  slight  changes  in  thi' areas 
of  the  ditl'erent  aceessions. 

Although  the  land  area  of  eontinental  Cnitcd  States 
had  increased  nearly  fourfold,  the  population  j)ei- 
s(juare  mile  had  increased  over  fivefold,  showing  that 
in  spite  of  the  tremendous  increase  in  area  of  comjjara- 
tivtdy  unsettled  tracts  the  increase  in  population  had 
been  so  great  as  to  more  than  balance  the  additions  of 
territory. 

The  absolute  increase  at  each  census  was  larger  than 
at  the  preceding  census,  except  between  1S6()  and  l(s7(), 
when  it  fell  below  that  of  the  preceding  decade.  This 
was  due  i)artly  to  the  Civil  A\'ar  and  partly  to  a  deficient 
enumeration  in  1S7().  The  greatest  percentage  of  in- 
crease was  from  1800  to  1810.  aftei'  which  date  it  dimin- 
ished until  the  period  b(>tw(>en  is-fu  and  l8r)n.  when 
the  tide  of  immigration  set  in  and  raised  the  ytercentage 
until  it  almost  reached  the  maximum. 

The  increase  and  decrease  in  density  of  population, 
as  represented  l)y  diagram  2,  Plate  17,  has  varied  from 
census  to  census,  owing  to  the  ai'quisitions  of  sparsely 
settled  territory  and  the  increase  in  population. 

Growth  of  Popitlatiox. 

In  the  discussion  of  the  growth  of  the  population, 
graphically  represented  on  Plates  2  to  13,  the  area  and 
population  of  continental  United  States  alone  were 
considered,  and  for  1880  and  1890  the  population  of 
Indian  reservations  and  Indian  Territory  was  not  in- 
cluded. In  computing  the  density  of  population  for 
this  series  of  maps  the  county  has,  in  gcnei-al,  been 
taken  as  the  unit  and  its  jiopulation,  less  the  numbei' 
of  persons  residingin  citiesof  .s,0(  to  or  more  inhabitants, 
divided  by  the  land  area  in  square  miles.  The  counties 
have  then  been  grouped  as  follows: 

Le:?s  than  2  persons  to  a  .square  mile  (reuanlt'il  as  nnsetfled  area). 

2  to    G  persons  to  a  S(|uare  mile. 

6  to  18  persons  to  a  square  mile. 
18  to  4.5  ]ierson3  to  a  square  mile. 
45  to  90  persons  to  a  square  mile. 
90  or  more  persons  to  a  sijuare  mile. 

Certain  large  counties,  especially  in  the  West,  where 
the  density  of  population  varies  greatly  in  diti'erent 
poi-tions,  were  subdivided,  the  density  for  each  part  was 
coni])uted  and  each  subdivision  placi^d  in  th(^  proper 
group.  Cities  of  s,()(M)  or  more  inhabitants  are  repi'e- 
sented  by  circles  of  solid  color  api)ro.\'iniately  propoi'- 
tionate  in  size  to  the  jiopulation. 

The  density  gi'ou])s  an>  closidy  related  to  the  indus- 
tries of  the  t'ountry.     The  lowest  group,  less  than  2  ]>ei'- 


sons  to  a  s(|uare  mile,  which  for  census  purposes  is 
regarded  as  unsettled,  is  inhabited  principally  by  hunt- 

!  ers,  prosj)ectors.  or  persons  tqigaged  in  stock  raising. 
The  next  group,  2  to  5  i)ersons  to  a  S(|uai-e  mile,  includes 
the  area  of  sparse  agricultural  population,  where  irri- 
gation is  relied  upon  for  laising  ci'ops.  Agi'iculture  is 
also  th<'  principal  occu})ation  in  the  gi'onp  •;  to  is  per- 
sons to  a  stjuare  mile.  In  the  next  group,  18  to  45 
persons  to  a  s(juare  mile,  manufactures  and  commerce 
have  made  considerable  progress,  but  the  i)rincipal 
occu])ation  is  agriculture;  the  farms.  howe\er, are  much 
smaller  than  in  the  j)receding  grouj).  and  culti\'ation  of 
the  soil  is  nioi'e  thorougli.  In  the  last  two  grades, 
where  the  pojudation  exceeds  45  persons   to  a  square 

,'  mile,  maiuifaitures  and  commerce  are  of  the  trreatest 
importance,  and  the  larger  pnqiortion  of  the  j)eople  is 

1   found  in  towns  and  cities. 

! 

Di.sTKiiiUTiox  OF  population:   1790. 

The  First  Census  of  the  I'nited  States,  taken  as  of 
the  first  Monday  in  August,  1790,  under  the  provisions 
of  the  second  section  of  the  first  article  of  the  Consti- 
tution, showed  the  population  of  the  thirteen  states 
then  existing  and  of  the  unorganized  territory  to  be,  in 
the  aggregate,  3,929,214.  This  poi)ulation  was  distrib- 
uted, as  shown  on  Plate  2,  almost  entindy  along  the 
Atlantic-  seaboard,  extending  from  the  eastern  boundary 
of  Maine  nearly  to  Florida,  and  in  the  icgion  known 
as  the  Atlantic  plain.  Onl}-  a  very  small  proportion  of 
the  iidiabitants  of  the  United  States,  not,  indeed,  more 
than  5  per  cent,  v?as  found  west  of  the  Appalachian 
mountains.       The  average  depth   of   settlement,    in   a 


direction  at  right  angles  to  the  coast,  was 


miles. 


The  most  poi)ulous  areas  were  to  1)6  found  in  eastern 
Massachusetts.  Rhode  Island.  Connecticut,  and  about 
New  York  city.  The  popidation  had  also  extended 
north  up  the  Hudson,  so  that  the  Hudson  river  valley, 
as  far  north  as  All)anv.  had  become  (juite  thickly  settled. 
The  settlements  in  Pennsylvania,  which  started  from 
Philad(dphia,  extended  northeast,  and  foiiued  a  solid 
l)ody  of  occu))ation  from  New  York,  through  Philadel- 
phia, down  to  the  upper  ]iart  of  Dtdaware. 

The  Atlantic  coast,  as  far  back  as  the  limits  of  tide 
water,  was  well  settled  at  this  time  from  Casco  bay  south 
to  the  northern  })ordcr  of  North  C'arolina,  also  around 
Charleston.  South  Carolina.  In  the  "•  districtof  Maine" 
sparse  settlement  extended  along  the  entire  seaboard. 
The  greater  ])ai-t  of  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont  was 
covei'ed  with  settlements.  In  New  Y'ork,  blanching  oti' 
from  th(>  Hudson  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mohawk,  th(>  line 
of  population  followed  a  broad  gap  between  the  Adiron- 
clacks  and  the  Catslvills.  and  e\-en  i-ea<'hed  beyond  the 
center  of  the  state,  occujjv ing  the  whole  of  the  Mohawk 
valley  and  the  country  about  the  interior  New  York 
lakes.  In  PennsyKania  i)opulation  had  sj)read  north- 
west, occui)ying  not  oidy  th<'  Atlantic  ])lain.  but.  with 


POPULATION. 


27 


sparse  settlements,  the  rep;ion  travcu-sed  by  the  luiiiier- 
oiis  parallel  rido-es  of  tlie  eastern  portion  of  the  Appa- 
lacliiaiis.  Tlu'  j^encral  limit  of  settlement  was  at  that 
time  th(>  southeastern  edj^c  of  the  Alle,<,'lieny  jjlateau, 
but  b(>vond  tliis,  at  the  junction  of  the  Aliejiiieny  and 
]M()non<jahela  rivers,  a  point  early  occupied  for  mili- 
tary purposes,  considei'able  settlements  existed  wliich 
were  estal)lisljed  prior  to  tiie  War  of  the  Revolution. 
In  Virtjinia  settlements  extended  west  beyond  the  Blue 
Ridji-e.  and  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Allej^hiMiy 
mountains,  thouyii  V(>ry  sparse,  p'rom  ^'ir^■iIua,  also, 
a  narrow  tongue  of  settlement,  which  was  almost  as 
populous  as  Vermont  or  Georgia,  peneti'ated  into  the 
"KentucivV  country,"  and  down  to  the  head  of  the 
Tennessee  river  in  tlie  great  .Vppalachian  valley,  where 
the  "state  of  Franklin"  had  be(Mi  for  four  years  a 
politi<'al  unit.  In  North  t'ai-olina  settlements  were 
abruptly  limited  hy  the  base  of  tlie  .Vppalachians.  The 
state  was  occupied  witii  r(Mnaikal)le  uniformity,  except 
in  its  southern  and  centi'al  portions,  where  pojiulation 
was  comparatively  sparse.  In  South  Carolina,  on  the 
otli(M-  liand,  there  was  evidence  of  nuich  natui-al  selec- 
tion, apparently  with  reference  to  the  chai'acter  of  the 
soil.  Charleston  was  then  a  city  of  considei'able  mag- 
nitude, and  about  it  was  groupiMl  a  compaiatividy  d(Mis(> 
population;  but  all  along  a  belt  running  soutiiwest 
across  tiie  state,  nesir  its  ccMitral  part,  settlement  was 
vcr_y  sparse.  Tiiis  ar(>a  of  scattered  settlement  joined 
that  of  central  Nortii  Carolina,  and  ran  east  to  the 
coast,  near  the  junction  of  the  two  states.  Farther 
west,  in  the  ""  uj)  country"  of  South  Carolina,  the  den- 
sit}^  of  settlement  was  noticeable,  due  to  the  improve- 
ment in  soil.  At  that  date  settlements  were  almost 
entirely  agricultural,  and  the  causes  for  variation  in 
their  density  were  general.  The  movements  of  pt)pula- 
tion  at  that  epoch  nray  l)e  traced,  in  almost  every  case, 
to  the  character  of  the  soil  and  to  the  facility  of  trans- 
portation to  tiie  seal)oard;  and,  as  the  inhabitants  were 
depend(Mit  mainly  upon  water  transportation,  the  set- 
tlements also  confoi-med  \  cry  largely  to  navigable 
streams. 

Outside  the  area  of  continuous  settlement,  which  has 
been  approximately  sketched,  were  found  a  muuber  of 
smaller  settlements  of  greater  or  less  extent.  The 
princip;d  one  was  located  in  the  northern  part  of  what 
was  known  as  the  "territory  south  of  the  river  Ohio," 
and  comprised  an  area  of  10,0()()  scpiare  miles;  another, 
in  western  Virginia,  upon  the  Ohio  and  Kanawha 
rivers,  comprised  about  750  scpiare  miles;  a  third,  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  "territoiy  south  of  the  river 
Ohio,"  upon  tlie  Cumlierland  river,  embraced  about 
1,200  square  miles. 

In  addition  to  these,  there  were  a  score  or  more  of 
small  posts,  or  incipient  settlements,  scattered  over 
what  was  an  almost  untrodden  wilderness — such  as 
Detroit,    Vincennes.    Kaskaskia,    Prairie    du    Chien. 


Mackinac,  and  (ire(Mi  Ray,  besides  the  humble  begin- 
ning of  Elmira  and  Binghamton,  in  New  York — which, 
even  at  that  time,  were  outside  the  body  of  continuous 
settlement  and  embraced  about  1,000  S(juare  miles. 

The  line  wliich  limited  tiiis  bodj-  of  settlement,  fol- 
lowing all  its  undulations,  was  3,200  miles  in  length. 
In  this  measurement  no  account  was  made  of  slight 
irregularities,  such  as  those  in  the  ordinary  meander- 
ings  of  a  river  which  forms  the  boundary  line  of  popu- 
lation; but  an  account  has  been  made  of  all  the 
prominent  ii'regularities  of  this  frontier  line,  which 
seem  to  indicate  a  distinct  change  in  the  settlement  of 
th(>  country,  either  of  progression  or  of  retrogression. 
Thus  the  area  of  settlement  formed  that  territory  cm- 
braced  between  the  frontier  line  and  the  coast,  dimin- 
ished by  such  unsettled  areas  as  lay  within  it  and 
increased  by  such  settled  areas  as  lay  without  it.  These 
ar(>  not  susceptible  of  xci-y  accurate  determination, 
owing  to  the  fact  -that  tlie  best  maps  are.  to  a  certain 
extent,  incorrect  in  i)oundari('s  anfl  areas.  The  settled 
area  of  1790,  as  indicated  by  the  line  traced,  was 
226.08;")  .  quare  miles.  The  entire  body  of  continuously 
settled  area  la;,'  Iietween  31°  and  45°  north  latitude  and 
67°  and  S3  west  longitude.  Beyond  this  were  the 
smaller  areas  previously  mentioned,  which,  added  to 
tlur  main  body  of  .'settled  area,  gave  as  a  total  23!t,9;35 
square  miles,  the  aggregate  population  being  3,929,214, 
antl  the  average  density  of  settlement  1G.4  persons  to 
the  S(juare  mile. 

The  '"district  of  Maine"  belonged  to  Massachusetts; 
(teorgia  extendetl  to  the  Mississippi  river;  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee  were  known  as  the  "territory  south  of 
the  river  Ohio."  and  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan, 
Wisconsin,  and  a  part  of  ^Minnesota,  as  the  ''territory 
northwest  of  the  river  Ohio."  Spain  claimed  posses- 
sion of  Florida,  with  a  strip  along  the  southern  border 
of  Geoi'gia,  and  all  of  the  region  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi river. 

mSTKIBUTION   Oi'    rOPCXATION:   1800. 

At  the  Second  Census,  that  of  1800,  the  frontier 
line,  as  it  appears  on  Plate  3,  had  advanced,  so  that 
while  it  embraced  282,208  square  miles,  it  described  a 
course,  when  measured  in  the  .same  manner  as  that  of 
1790,  of  only  2,800  linear  miles.  The  advancement  of 
this  line  had  taken  place  in  every  direction,  though  in 
some  parts  of  the  country  much  more  prominently  than 
in  others. 

In  Maine  and  New  Hampshire  only  a  slight  north- 
ern movement  of  settlement  was  apparent;  in  Ver- 
mont, on  the  other  hand,  while  the  settled  area  had  not 
decidedly  increased,  its  dcnsitj^  had  become  greater. 
Massachusetts  .showed  but  little  change,  but  in  Con- 
necticut the  .settlements  along  the  lower  course  of  the 
Connecticut  river  had  appreciably  increased. 

In  New  York  .settlement  had  poured  up  the  Hudson 


28 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


to  the  mouth  of  the  Mohawk,  and  thence,  through  the 
gi'eat  natural  roadway,  westward.  The  narrow  tongue, 
which  before  extended  beyond  tlic  middle  of  the  state, 
had  now  widened  until  it  spread  from  the  southern 
border  of  the  state  to  Lake  Ontario.  A  narrow  belt 
of  settlement  stretched  down  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
along  all  the  northern  border  of  the  state  to  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  completely  surrounding  what  may  be  character- 
istically defined  as  the  Adirondack  region. 

In  Pennsylvania  settlements  had  extended  up  the 
Susquehanna  and  joined  the  New  York  groups,  leaving 
an  unsettled  space  in  the  northeast  corner  of  the  state, 
which  comprised  a  section  of  rugged  mountain  country. 
With  the  exception  of  a  little  strip  along  the  western 
border  of  Pennsylvania,  the  northern  part  of  the  state 
west  of  the  Susquehanna  was  as  yet  entirely  unin- 
habited. Population  had  streamed  across  the  southern 
half  of  the  state  and  settled  in  a  dense  body  about  the 
forks  of  the  Ohio  river,  where  the  beginning  of  Pitts- 
burg maj'  be  noted,  and  thence  exfc'nded  slightly  into 
the  "territory  northwest  of  the  river  Ohio." 

In  Virginia  there  was  but  little  change,  although 
there  was  a  general  extension  of  settlement,  with  an 
increase  in  density,  especially  along  the  coast.  North 
Carolina  was  at  that  time  almost  entirely  populated; 
the  mountain  region  had,  generally  speaking,  been 
nearly  all  reclaimed  to  the  service  of  man.  In  South 
Carolina  there  was  a  general  increase  in  densit}',  while 
the  southwestern  border  of  the  settled  area  had  been 
extended  to  the  Altamaha  river.  The  settlements  in 
northern  Kentucky  had  spread  southward  across  the 
state  into  Tennessee,  forming  a  junction  with  the  little 
settlement  on  the  Cumberland  river,  noted  at  the  date 
of  the  First  Census.  The  group  thus  formed  had 
extended  down  the  Ohio,  nearly  to  its  junction  with  the 
Tennessee  and  the  Cumberland,  and  across  the  Ohio 
river,  where  the  beginning  of  Cincinnati  can  be  noted. 
Other  small  settlements  appeared  at  this  time  on  that 
side  of  the  river.  On  the  east  side  of  the  ^Mississippi 
river  was  a  strip  of  settlement  along  the  bluffs  below 
the  Yazoo  bottom.  Above  this,  on  the  west  side,  was 
the  beginning  of  St.  Louis,  not  at  that  time  within  the 
United  States,  and  directly  acro.ss  the  rivc^r  a  settlement 
in  what  was  known  as  "Indiana  territory,"  while  all  the 
pioneer  settlements  previously  noted  had  grown  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent. 

From  the  region  embraced  between  the  frontier  line 
and  the  Atlantic  must  be  d(>du''ted  the  Adirondack 
tract  in  northern  New  York,  and  the  unsettled  region 
in  northern  Pennsylvania  alreadj'  referred  to,  so  that 
the  actual  area  of  settlement.  l)ounded  by  a  continuous 
line,  was  271,008  stfuare  miles.  All  this  lay  between 
30'-'  4.5'  and  45'  15'  north  latitude,  and  (17  and  88°  west 
longitude.  To  this  should  be  added  the  aggregate 
extent  of  all  settlements  lying  outside  of  the  frontier 
line,  which  collectively  amounted  to  33,800  sijuaie  miles, 


making  a  total  area  of  settlement  of  305,708  square 
miles.  As  the  aggregate  population  was  5,308,483,  the 
average  density  of  settlement  was  17.4  persons  U>  the 
square  mile. 

The  early  settlements  of  this  period  had  l)een  nuich 
retarded  at  many  points  by  the  opposition  of  Indian 
tribes,  but  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  more  densely 
settled  poi'tions  of  the  northern  part  of  the  country 
these  ol)staclcs  had  been  of  less  magnitude  than  farther 
south.  In  Geoi-gia,  especially,  the  large  and  powerful 
triiies  of  Creeks  and  Cherokees  had  stubbornly  opposed 
the  progress  of  population. 

During  the  decade,  Vermont,  formed  from  tiie  New 
Hampshire  grants,  territory  claimed  by  both  New  York 
and  New  Hampshire,  had  been  admitted  to  the  Union; 
also  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  formed  fi'om  the  "terri- 
tory south  of  the  river  Ohio";  Mississippi  territory 
liad  been  organized,  having,  however,  very  different 
boundaries  from  what  was  known  later  as  the  state  of 
that  name;  while  the  "territory  northwest  of  the  river 
Ohio"  had  been  divided  and  Indiana  territory  organ- 
ized from  the  western  portion.  The  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, comprising  100  square  miles,  was  formed  in 
17'.>1  from  portions  of  Maryland  and  Virginia. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF   POPULATION:    l8l0. 

During  the  decade  from  1800  to  1810  (Plate  4)  great 
changes  will  be  noted,  especially  the  extension  of 
sparse  settlements  in  the  interior.  The  hills  of  western 
New  York  had  become  almost  entirely  populated,  settle- 
ments had  spread  along  the  south  shore  of  Lake  Erie 
well  over  into  Ohio,  and  effected  a  junction  with  the 
previously  existing  body  of  population  almut  the  forks 
of  the  Ohio  rivei-,  leaving  unsettled  an  included  heart- 
shaped  area  in  northern  Pennsylvania,  which  comprised 
the  rugged  country  of  the  Appalachian  plateau.  The 
occupation  of  the  Ohio  river  valley  had  now  become 
complete,  from  its  head  to  its  niduth,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  small  gaps  l)elow  the  mouth  of  the  Tennessee. 
Spreading  in  every  direction  from  the  "dark  and 
bloody  ground  "  of  Kentucky,  settlement  covered  almost 
the  entire  state,  while  its  southern  biirder  line  had  been 
extended  to  the  Tennessee  river,  into  whal;  was  known 
as ' '  Mississippi  territory. "  In  Georgia  settlements  were 
still  held  back  by  the  Creek  and  Cherokee  Indians, 
although  in  1802  a  treaty  with  the  former  tribe  relieved 
the  southwestern  portion  of  the  state  of  their  presence, 
and  left  the  ground  open  for  occupancy  l)y  the  whites. 
In  Ohio,  starting  from  the  Ohio  ri\er  and  from  south- 
western Pennsylvania,  settlements  had  worked  north 
and  west  until  they  covered  two-thirds  of  the  area  t)f  the 
state.  Michigan  and  Indiana  w<m'(^  still  virgin  territory, 
with  the  exception  of  a  small  strip  about  Detroit,  in  th(> 
former,  and  two  small  areas  in  the  latter,  one  in  the 
southeastern  jxirt  of  the  territory  extending  along  the 
Ohio  ri\ei',  ;ind  one  in  the  southwestern  part  extending 


POPULATION. 


29 


up  the  Wabii.sh  from  its  mouth  to  and  inchulinji-  the  set- 
tlement at  Vinccnnew.  St.  Louis,  from  u  fur-trading 
post,  had  become  an  important  center  of  settlement, 
population  havinif  si)rea(l  north  above  the  mouth  of  th(> 
Missouri  and  south  along'  the  Mississippi  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio.  On  the  Arkansas,  near  its  mouth,  was  a 
similar  body  of  settlement.  The  transfer  of  th(>  terri- 
tory of  Louisiana  to  our  jurisdiction,  which  was  ellected 
in  1803,  had  brou<fht  into  the  countr}*  a  lar<j;e  body  of 
2X)j)ulation,  wliich  stretdicd  along-  the  Mississippi  river 
from  its  mouth  nearly  to  the  northern  limit  of  what  was 
known  as  the  '"  territory  of  Orleans"  and  uj)  the  Red 
and  Ouacliita  (Washita)  rivers,  in  gcmeral  occupj'ing 
the  alluvial  regions.  The  incipient  settlements  noted 
on  Plate  3,  in  Mississippi  territorj'  effected  a  junction 
with  those  of  Louisiana  territory,  while  in  the  lower 
part  of  Mississippi  territor}-  a  similar  patch  appeared 
upon  the  ^lobile  river. 

During  this  decade  large  additions  were  made  to  the 
territory  of  the  United  States,  and  many  changes  etfccted 
in  the  lines  of  the  interior  division.  The  purchase  of 
Louisiana,  an  empire  in  itself,  had  added  S'.M),St^l  sc^uare 
miles  to  the  United  States,  and  had  given  to  the  peo- 
ple absolute  control  of  the  Mississippi  and  its  navigable 
branches.  Georgia,  during  the  same  period,  had  ceded 
to  the  United  States  about  two-thirds  of  its  territory. 
The  state  of  Ohio  had  been  formed  from  a  portion  of 
what  had  been  known  as  the  "'territory  northwest  of 
the  river  Ohio."  Michigan  territory  had  been  erected, 
comprising  at  that  tiine  the  peninsula  north  of  Ohio  and 
the  lower  part  of  Indiana  territorv  and  south  of  the 
straits.  Indiana  territory  had  become  restricted  in  its 
limits  to  the  following  boundaries:  Lake  Michigan  and 
Michigan  on  the  north,  Ohio  on  the  east,  the  Ohio  v'lvev 
on  the  south,  and  Illinois  territorj^  on  the  west,  with  a 
detached  area  between  Lake  Superior  and  Lake  Mich- 
igan. Illinois  territory  comprised  all  territory  west  of 
Lake  Michigan  and  Indiana  territory,  north  of  the 
Ohio,  and  east  of  the  Mississippi.  The  "  territory  of 
Orleans,"  which  was  located  west  of  the  Mississippi, 
had  been  carved  out  of  the  Louisiana  jjurchase.  The 
remainder  of  the  territory  acquired  from  France  was 
known  by  the  name  of  "Louisiana  territorj*." 

At  this  date  the  frontier  line  was  2,900  miles  long, 
and  the  settled  territory  included  between  this  imagi- 
nary line  and  the  Atlantic  comprised  •iOS.Stto  square 
miles.  From  this  must  be  deducted  several  large  areas 
of  unsettled  land:  First,  the  area  in  northern  New 
York,  somewhat  smaller  than  ten  year's  before,  but  by 
no  means  inconsiderable  in  extent;  second,  the  heart- 
shaped  area  in  northwestern  Pennsjdvania,  embracing 
part  of  the  Allegheny  plateau,  in  size  about  equal  to 
the  unsettled  area  in  New  York;  third,  a  strip  along 
the  western  part  of  Virginia,  extending  south  from  the 
Potomac,  taking  in  a  part  of  eastern  Kentucky  and 
southwestern   Virginia,   and   extending  nearly   to   the 


))order  line  of  Tennessee;  fourth,  a  comparatively  small 
area  in  northern  Tennessee  nj)on  tlus  Cumberland  pla- 
teau. These  tracts  together  comprised  about  26,050 
scjuare  miles,  making  the  approximate  area  of  settle- 
ment included  within  the  frontier  line  382,845  .square 
miles.  All  this  lay  between  latitude  29°  30'  and  45=  15' 
north,  and  longitude  07'^  and  88°  30'  west. 

Beyond  the  frontier  there  were,  in  addition  to  the 
steadily  increasing  numbei'  of  outposts  and  minor  set- 
tlements, several  considerable  bodies  of  population, 
which  have  been  already  noted.  The  aggregate  extent 
of  these,  and  of  the  numerous  small  patches  of  popula- 
tion scattered  over  the  West  and  South,  ma}'  be  esti- 
mated at  25,100  square  miles,  making  the  total  area  of 
settlement  in  1810,  407,945  .square  miles.  The  aggre- 
gate population  was  7,239,881,  and  the  average  density 
of  .settlement  17.7  persons  to  the  sijuare  mile. 

DISTKIBUTION"    OK   FOPCLATIOX:    1820. 

The  decade  from  ISlo  to  1820  (Plate  5)  witnessed 
several  territorial  changes.  Florida  at  this  date  (1820) 
had  not  actually  become  a  part  of  the  United  States; 
the  treaty  ^vith  Spain  to  transfer  this  territory  to  the 
United  States  had  been  signed,  but  had  not  gone  into 
effect.  Alabama  and  Mississij^pi,  made  from  Missis- 
sippi territory,  had  been  organized  and  admitted  as 
states,  Alabama  having  been  made  a  territory  in  1817. 
Indiana  and  Illinois  appeared  as  states,  with  restricted 
limits.  The  "  territory  of  Orleans,"  with  somewhat 
enlarged  l:)oimdaries,  had  been  admitted  as  a  state  and 
was  known  as  Louisiana.  The  "'district  of  Maine"  had 
also  been  erected  into  a  state.  Arkansas  territorj-  had 
been  cut  from  the  southern  portion  of  the  territory  of 
Louisiana.  The  Indian  territory  had  l)een  constituted 
to  serve  as  a  reservation  for  the  Indian  tribes.  Michi- 
gan territorv  included  all  area  east  of  the  Mississippi 
I'iver  and  north  of  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  Ohio.  That 
part  of  the  old  Louisiana  territory  remaining,  after 
cutting  out  Arkansas  and  the  Indian  territoi-y,  had 
received  the  name  of  '"  Missouri  territory." 

Again,  in  1820,  there  was  a  great  change  in  regard  to 
the  frontier  line.  It  had  become  vastly  more  involved, 
extending  from  southeastern  ^Michigan,  on  Lake  St. 
Clair,  southwest  into  ^Missouri  territory;  thence,  mak- 
ing a  great  semicircle  to  the  east,  it  swept  west  again 
around  a  body  of  population  in  Louisiana,  and  ended 
along  the  Gulf  coast  in  that  state.  The  area  east  of  this 
line  had  increased  immensely,  but  much  of  this  increase 
was  Ijalanced  by  the  great  extent  of  unsettled  land 
included  within  it. 

Taking  up  the  changes  in  detail,  the  great  increase 
in  the  population  of  central  New  York  will  be  noted, 
a  belt  of  increased  settlement  having  swept  up  the 
Mohawk  valley  to  Lake  Ontario,  and  along  its  shore 
nearly  to  the  Niagara  river.  A  similar  increase  was 
experienced  about  the  forks  of  the  Ohio  river,  and  in 


30 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


northern  Pennsylvania  the  unsettled  reyion  on  the  Ap- 
palaehian  plateau  had  .sensibly  decreased  in  size.  The 
unsettled  area  in  Avestern  Virginia  and  eastern  Ken- 
tuck}'  had  \ery  gr(^atly  diminished,  population  haying 
extended  almost  entirely  o\er  the  Allegheny  region  in 
these  states.  The  little  settlements  aliout  Detroit  liad 
extended  along  the  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  luitil  thej'  had 
joined  those  in  Ohio.  The  frontier  line  in  Ohio  had 
crept  north  and  west,  leaving  only  the  northwestern 
corner  of  the  state  unoccupied.  Population  had  spread 
north  from  Kentucky  and  west  from  Ohio  into  southern 
Indiana,  covering  sparsely  the  lower  third  of  that  state. 
The  groups  of  population  around  St.  Louis,  which  at 
the  time  of  the  previous  census  were  enjtning  a  rapid 
growth,  had  extended  widely,  making  a  junction  with 
the  settlements  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  along  a 
broad  belt  in  southern  Illinois;  following  the  main 
watercourses,  population  had  gone  many  scores  of  miles 
up  the  Mississippi  and  the  iMissouri  rivers.  The  settle- 
ments in  Alabama,  which  previously  had  been  very  nuu'li 
retarded  by  the  Creeks,  had  been  rapidly  reinforced  and 
extended,  in  consecpience  of  tln^  victory  of  General 
Jackson  over  this  tribe  and  the  snbseciuent  cession  of 
portions  of  this  territory.  luunigration  to  Alabama 
had  already  ))ecoine  considerable,  indicating  that  in  a 
short  tinu'  the  whol(>  centi'al  portion  of  the  state,  embrac- 
ingalargepartof  the  regiondrained  by  the  ^Moliile  river 
and  its  bi'anches,  would  be  covered  with  settlements,  to 
extend  north  and  effect  a  jniu'tion  with  tiie  Tennessee 
and  Kentucky  settlements,  and  west  across  the  lower 
part  of  Mississippi,  until  they  met  the  Louisiana  settle- 
ments. In  Georgia  the  Chei'okees  and  the  Creeks  still 
held  back  settlement  along  the  line  of  the  Altamaha 
river.  There  were,  however,  scattered  bodies  of  pop- 
ulation in  various  parts  of  tiie  state,  though  of  small 
extent.  In  Louisiana  is  noted  a  gradual  increase  of  the 
extent  of  redeemed  territory,  which  appeared  to  ha\e 
been  limited  almost  exactly  by  the  borders  oi  the  allu-  I 
vial  region.  In  Arkansas  the  settlements,  which  in  ' 
1810  were  near  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas  river,  had 
extend(>d  up  the  bottom  lands  of  that  river,  forming  a 
body  of  i)opulation  of  considerable  size.  Besides  these, 
a  settlement  was  found  in  the  south  central  part  of  the 
territory,  at  the  soutiieastern  base  of  the  hill  region, 
and  another  in  tin*  prairie  region  in  the  nortiiern  part. 
Tiie  frontier  line  had  a  length  of  4,100  miles,  em- 
l)racing  an  area  (after  excluding  all  unsettled  regions 
includt'd  between  it,  the  Atlantic,  and  the  Gulf)  of 
50i,517  square  miles,  all  lying  between  "29-  'M'  and 
■i5^'  80'  north  latitude,  and  between  07  and  93'^  45' 
west  longitude.  Outside^  tln^  frontier  line  were  a  few 
settlements  on  the  Arkansas,  Wiiite,  and  Ouachita 
(Washita)  ri\-ers,  in  Arkansas,  as  before  noted,  as  well 
as  those  in  the  Northw(\st.  Computing  these  at  4.200 
square  miles  in  the  aggregate,  there  was  a  total  settled 
area  of  508,717  squ.iu-e  miles.  th(>  age-regate  ])opulation 


being  9,638,453,  and  the  average  density  of  settlement 
18.!i  persons  to  the  square  mile. 

ra.sTKinuTioN  OF  population:  1830. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  decade  from  1820  to  1830 
(Plate  <))  the  final  transfer  of  Florida  from  Spanish 
jurisdiction  was  effected,  and  it  became  a  territory  of 
the  United  States.  IMissouri,  carved  from  the  south- 
eastern part  of  the  old  Missouri  territory,  had  been 
admitted  as  a  state;  otherwise  the  states  and  terri- 
tories had  remained  neai'ly  as  before.  Settlement 
during  the  decade  had  spread  greatl3^  The  westerly 
extension  of  the  frontier  did  not  appear  to  be  so  great 
as  in  some  former  periods,  the  energies  of  the  people 
haying  been  mainly  given  to  settling  the  included  areas. 
In  other  words,  the  decade  from  181(>  to  1820  seems  to 
have  been  one  of  blocking  out  work  which  the  succeeding 
decade  was  largely  occupied  in  completing. 

During  this  pei'iod  the  Indians,  especially  in  the 
South,  had  still  delayed  setth'ment  to  a  great  extent. 
The  Creeks  and  Cherokees  in  Geoi'gia  and  Alabama, 
and  the  Choetaws  and  Chickasaws  in  Mississippi,  occu- 
pied large  areas  of  tiie  liest  portions  of  those  states  and 
successfully  resisted  encroachment  upon  their  territor}-. 
Georgia,  however,  had  witnessed  a  large  increase  in 
settlement  during  the  decade.  The  settlements  which 
heretofore  had  extended  along  the  Altamaha  had  spread 
westward  aci'oss  the  central  portion  of  the  state  to  its 
western  boundary,  where  they  reached  the  barrier  of 
the  Creek  territory.  Stopped  at  this  point,  they  had 
moved  south  into  the  southwest  corner,  and  over  into 
Florida,  extending  even  to  the  Gulf  coast.  They 
stretched  toward  the  west  across  the  southern  part  of 
Alabama,  and  joined  that  body  of  settlement  which  had 
previously  fornuHl  in  the  drainage  basin  of  the  Mobile 
river.  The  Louisiana  settlements  had  but  slightly 
increased,  and  no  great  tdiange  appeared  to  take  place 
in  Mississipj)i,  owing  largely  to  the  cause  previously 
noted,  viz,  the  occupancy  of  this  area  by  Indians.  In 
Arkansas  th(>  s})read  of  settlement  had  been  in  a  strange 
and  fragmentary  way.  A  line  reached  from  Louisiana 
to  the  Arkansas  river  and  along  its  course  to  the 
boundary  of  the  Indian  territory.  It  extended  up 
the  ^Mississippi,  and  joined  tiie  body  of  population  in 
Tennessee.  A  In'anch  extended  northeast  from  near 
Little  Rock  to  the  northei-n  portion  of  the  territory. 
All  the  settlements  within  Arkansas  territory  were 
as  yet  very  sparse.  In  Missouri  the  principal  exten- 
sion of  settlement  had  been  in  a  broad  belt  along  the 
Missouri  river,  reaching  to  the  state  line,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Kansas  ri\-er.  where  (|uite  a  dense  body 
of  population  appeared.  Settlenunit  had  progressed 
in  Illinois,  from  the  Mississippi  river  east  and  noith. 
covering  more  than  half  of  the  state.  In  Indiana  it 
followed  the  Wabash  river,  and  thence  spread  toward 
the  northern  state  line.  Put  a  small  portion  of  Ohio 
remained    unsettl(Hl.      'I'iit^    spars(^    settlements    about 


POPrLATTON. 


31 


Detroit,  in  Mir'liij;aii  tcnitoi'v.  liad  InoadciKHl  out. 
extonding  toward  tlic  interior  of  tiic  lower  peninsula, 
while  isolated  patclies  appeared  in  various  other 
localities.  . 

'rurning  to  the  more  densely  settled  parts  of  the 
counlrv,  it  will  he  noted  that  settlement  was  slowly 
nuikino-  its  way  nortiuvard  in  ^hiine,  although  discour- 
a<;-ed  by  the  poverty  of  the  soil  and  the  severity  of  the 
climate.  The  unsettled  tract  in  northern  New  York 
was  decreasing,  hut  very  slowly,  as  was  also  the  ease 
with  the  unsettled  area  in  northwestern  Pennsylvania. 
In  westiTn  \'iryinia  the  unsettled  tracts  were  I'educed 
to  almost  nothing,  while  the  unsettled  region  in  east- 
ern Tennessee  on  the  ( 'uuiltcriand  ])lateau  was  rai)idly 
diminishing. 

In  1830  the  frontier  line  had  a  length  of  5,;-{00  mile.^, 
and  the  aggn'gate  area  eml>raced  between  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  the  (iulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  frontier  line  was 
725,406  square  miles.  Of  this,  however,  not  less  than 
97,389  S(|uare  miles  wtMv,  within  the  included  unsettled 
tracts,  leaving  only  <')'iS,(»lT  s(|uare  miles  as  the  settled 
area  east  of  the  frontier  line,  all  of  which  lay  between 
latitude  29'  l;')'  and  4i'>  1.'/  n<ii-th.  and  longitude  f)7° 
and  '.t.'i  '  west. 

Outside  the  b()d\'  of  continuous  settlement  large 
groups  were  no  longer  found,  but  sev(M'al  stliall  patches 
of  population  appeared  in  the  states  of  Ohio,  Indiana, 
and  Illinois, and  Michigan  territory,  aggregating  aliout 
4,700  .square  miles,  making  a  total  settled  area  in  1830 
of  632,717  si(uare  miles.  As  the  aggregate  population 
was  12,866,020,  the  average  density  of  .settlenu>nt  was 
20.3  persons  to  the  S(|nare  mile. 

DISIKIIU    IKIN    OF    rol'll.Al'ION:    1840. 

During  the  decade  ending  in  ISK)  (Plate  7)  the  ter- 
ritory of  Michigan  had  been  dixided;  that  part  east  of 
Lake  Michigan  and  north  of  Ohio  and  Indiana,  together 
with  the  greater  part  of  the  peninsula  between  lakes 
Superior  and  Michigan,  had  been  created  into  the  state 
of  Michigan,  the  remainder  being  known  as  AN'isconsin 
territorv.  Iowa  territory  had  i)een  created  out  of 
that  part  of  Missouri  territory  lying  north  of  the  Mis- 
souri state  line  and  east  of  the  Missouri  river,  and 
Arkan.sas  had  been  admitted  to  the  Tnion. 

In  1840  we  find,  by  examining  Plate  7,  that  the  settle- 
ments had  been  growing  steadily  :uid  the  frontier  line 
of  1810  and  lsi>0  advanced  still  farther.  From  Oeorgia, 
Alabama,  and  Mississippi  the  Cherokee,  Creek,  Choc- 
taw, and  Chickasaw  Indians,  wdio,  at  the  time  of  the 
■previous  census,  occupied  large  areas  in  these  states, 
and  formetl  a  very  serious  obstacle  to  settlement,  had 
been  removi'd  to  Indian  Territory,  constituted  under 
the  act  of  June  30,  1834,  and  their  country  opened 
up  to  settlement.  Within  the  two  or  three  years 
which  had  elapsed  since  the  removal  of  these  Indians 
the  lands  relinquished  by  tliein  had  been  entirely 
t;d<en  u))  and   the   country  coxcred  with   comparati\<dy 


dense  settlement.  The  Sac  and  Fox  and  the  Potawatomi 
tribes  ha\ing  been  remoxcd  to  Indian  Territorv,  their 
country  in  northern  Illinois  had  been  prom[)tly  taken 
up  and  settlements  had  spread  over  nearly  the  whole 
extent  of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  also  aci'oss  Michigan 
and  Wisci>nsiii  as  far  north  a.s  the  forty-third  jjaralKd. 
Population  had  cros.sed.  the  Mi.ssissippi  river  into  Iowa 
territory  and  occupied  a  l)road  belt  nj)  and  down  that 
river.  In  Missouri  .settlements  spread  north  from  the. 
Missouri  river  nearly  to  the  boundary  of  the  state, 
and  south  until  they  covered  most  (d"  the  southern  por- 
tion, connecting  (on  the  right  and  on  the  left)  with  the 
.settlements  of  .Vrkansas.  The  unsettled  area  found 
in  .soutlrern  Missouri,  together  with  that  in  northwest- 
ern Arkansas,  was  due  to  the  hilly  and  rugged  nature 
of  the  country  and  to  the  jxiverty  of  the  soil,  as  com- 
pared with  the  rich  prairie  lands  surrounding.  In 
.Vrkansas  the  settlements  remained  sparse,  but  had 
spread  widely  away  from  the  streams,  covering  much 
of  the  prairi('  regions  of  the  state.  There  was,  tx'side 
the  area  in  northwestern  Arkan.sas  just  mentioned,  a 
large  area  in  the  northeastern  i)ait  of  llu'  state,  almost 
entirelv  within  the  alluvial  regions  of  the  l?lack  river, 
and  also  one  in  the  southern  portion,  extending  over 
into  northern  Louisiana,  which  was  entirely  in  the 
fertile  prairie  section.  The  fourth  unsettled  region  lay 
in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  stat(>. 

In_the  older  stati-s  we  note  a  gradual  decrease  in  the 
unscttliMl  arciis,  as  in  ]\Iaine  and  New  York.  In  north- 
ern Pennsylvania  the  unsettled  section  had  nearly  dis- 
appeared. -V  -mall  portion  of  the  unsettled  patch  on 
the  Cumbeiland  plateau  still  remained.  In  southern 
Geori'ia  the  Okefenokee  swamp  and  the  pine  barrens 
adjacent  had  thus  far  repelled  .settlement,  although 
popvdation  had  increased  in  Florida,  passing  entirely 
around  this  area  to  the  south.  The  greater  part  of 
Flori<la.  however,  including  nearly  all  the  peninsula 
and  several  large  areas  along  the  (iidf  coast,  still 
remained  unsettled.  This  was  due  in  part  to  the  nature 
of  the  country,  being  alternately  swamp  and  hummock, 
luid  in  part  to  the  hostility  of  the  Seminole  Indians, 
who  still  occupied  nearly  all  of  the  peninsula. 

The  frontier  line  in  1840  had  a  length  of  3,300  miles. 
This  shrinking  in  its  length  was  due  to  its  rectification 
on  the  northwest  and  southwest,  owing  to  the  settle- 
ment of  the  entire  interior.  It  inclosed  an  area  of 
900.658  scpiare  miles,  lying  between  latitude  29'  and 
46^  30'  north  and  longitude  67~^  and  95'-'  30'  west. 
The  unsettled  portions  had,  as  noted  above,  decrea-sed 
to  95,516  square  miles,  although  they  were  still  quite 
noticeable  in  Missouri  and  .Vrkansas.  The  settled  area 
outside  the  frontier  line  was  notably  small,  and  ann  )unted 
in  the  aggregate  to  only  2,150  square  miles,  making 
the  approximate  settled  area  807,292  .square  miles  in 
1840.  The  aggregate  population  being  17,069,453,  the 
averaee  density  was  21.1  i)crsons  to  the  square  mile. 


32 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


DISTRIBUTIOX    OF    POPULATION:    1860. 

Between  1840  and  1850  (Plate  s)  the  limits  of  our 
country  were  further  extended  l)y  tlie  annexation  of 
Texas  and  of  territory  acquired  from  Mexico  by  the 
treaty  of  Guadalupe  Hidalgo.  The  states  of  Florida. 
Iowa,  and  Wiseonsin  had  been  admitted  to  the  Union, 
and  the  territories  of  Oregon  and  Minnesota  created. 
That  portion  of  the  District  of  Columbia  south  of  the 
Potomac  originally  ceded  l)y  Virginia  was  receded  to 
that  state  July  9,  ISifi.  An  examination  of  the  map 
shows  that  the  frontier  line  had  changed  very  little  dur- 
ing the  decade.  At  the  western  border  of  Arkansas 
the  extension  of  settlement  was  peremptorily  limited 
by  the  boundary  of  Indian  Territory;  and,  curiously 
enough,  the  western  boundary  of  Missouri  also  put 
almost  a  complete  stop  to  all  settlement,  notwithstand- 
ing the  fact  that  some  of  the  most  densely  p()j)ulated 
portions  of  the  state  lay  directly  on  that  boundary. 

In  Iowa  settlements  had  made  some  advance,  moving 
up  the  Missouri,  the  Des  Moines,  and  other  rivers. 
The  settlements  in  Minnesota  at  and  about  St.  Paul, 
which  existed  in  ISiO,  had  greatly  extended  up  and 
down  the  Mississippi  river,  while  scattered  bodies  of 
popidation  appeared  in  northern  Wisconsin.  In  the 
southern  part  of  the  state  settlement  had  made  con- 
siderable advance,  especially  in  a  northeasterly  direc- 
tion toward  Green  bay.  In  Michigan  the  change  had 
been  very  slight. 

Texas,  for  the  tirst  time  on  the  map  of  the  United 
States,  appeared  with  a  considerable  extent  of  settle- 
ment; in  general,  however,  it  was  very  sparse,  most  of 
it  lying  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  and  being 
largely  dependent  upon  the  grazing  industry. 

The  included  unsettled  areas  now  were  very  small 
and  few  in  number.  There  still  remained  one  in  south- 
ern Missouri,  in  the  hilly  country;  a  small  one  in  north- 
eastern Arkansas,  in  the  swampy  and  alluvial  region; 
and  one  in  the  similar  country  in  tiie  Yazoo  bottom 
lands  in  western  Mississippi.  Along  the  coast  of  Flor- 
ida were  found  two  patches  of  considerable  size,  which 
were  confined  to  the  swampy  coast  regions.  The  same 
was  the  case  along  the  coast  of  Louisiana.  The  sparse 
settlements  of  Texas  were  also  interspersed  with  sev- 
eral patches  devoid  of  settlement.  In  southern  Georgia 
the  large  unsettled  area  heretofore  noted,  extending 
also  into  northern  Florida,  had  disappeared,  and  the 
Florida  settlements  had  already  reached  southward  to 
a  considerable  distance  in  the  peninsula,  being  now  free 
to  extend  without  fear  of  hostile  Seminoles,  tho  greater 
part  of  whom  had  been  removed  to  Indian  Teyritory. 

The  frontier  line,  which  now  extended  around  a  con- 
siderable part  of  Texas  and  issued  on  the  Gulf  coast  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Nueces  river,  was  -lr,60(j  miles  in 
length.  Tlie  aggregate  area  includi^d  by  it  was  about 
1,005,^213  square  miles,  from  which  deduction  must  be 
made  for  unsettled  area,  in  all    6-1,339  sciuare  miles. 


The  isolated  settlements  lying  outside  this  body  in  the 
western  part  of  the  country  amounted  to  4,775  square 
miles. 

It  was  no  longer  true  that  a  frontier  line  drawn  around 
from  the  St.  Croix  river  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  em- 
braced all  the  population  of  the  United  States,  except 
a  few  catlyiug  posts  and  small  settlements.  From  the 
Pacific  a  line  could  be  made  to  encircle  80,000  miners 
and  adventurers,  the  pioneers  of  more  than  one  state  of 
the  Union  soon  to  arise  on  that  coast.  This  body  of 
settlement  had  been  formed,  in  the  main,  since  the 
acquisition  of  the  territory  l)y  the  United  States,  and, 
it  might  even  be  said,  within  the  last  year  (1849-50), 
dating  from  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California.  The.se 
settlements  may  be  computed  rudely  at  33,tjii()  scjuare 
miles,  making  a  total  area  of  settlement  of  979,249 
square  miles,  the  aggregate  population  being  23,191,876, 
and  the  average  density  of  settlement  23.7  persons  to 
the  square  mile. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF    POPULATION:    1860. 

In  1860  (Plate  9)  the  tirst  extension  of  settlements 
Ijeyond  the  line  of  the  Missouri  river  is  noted.  The 
march  of  settlement  up  the  slope  of  the  Great  plains 
had  begun.  In  Kansas  and  Nebraska  population  was 
found  l)eyond  the  ninety-seventh  meridian.  Texas  had 
tilled  up  even  more  rapidly,  its  extreme  settlements 
reaching  to  the  one-hundredth  meridian,  while  the  gaps 
noted  at  the  date  of  the  previous  census  had  all  Iteen 
tilled  by  population.  The  incipient  settlements  about 
St.  Paul,  in  Minnesota,  had  grown  like  .Tonah's  gourd, 
spreading  in  all  directions,  and  forming  a  broad  band 
of  union  with  the  main  bodj'  of  settlement  down  the 
line  of  the  Mississippi  river.  In  Iowa  settlements 
had  crept  steadily  northwest  along  the  course  of  the 
drainage  until  the  state  was  nearly  covered.  Following 
the  Missouri,  population  had  reached  out  beyond  the 
northern  border  of  Nebraska  territory.  In  Wisconsin 
the  settlements  had  moved  at  least  one  degree  farther 
north,  while  in  the  lower  peninsula  of  Michigan  they 
had  spread  up  the  lake  shores,  nearly  encircling  it  on 
the  side  next  to  Lake  Michigan.  On  the  upper  penin- 
sula the  little  settlements  wiiich  appcnired  in  1850  in  the 
copper  region  on  Keweenaw  p<jint  had  extended  and 
increased  greatly  in  density,  as  that  mining  interest  had 
developed  in  value.  •  In  northern  New  York  there  was 
appai'ently  no  change  in  the  unsettled  area.  In  north- 
ern Maine  was  noted  for  the  first  time  a  decided  move- 
ment toward  the  settlement  of  its  unoccupied  territory 
in  the  extension  of  the  settlements  on  its  eastern  and 
northern  border  along  the  St.  John  river.  The  un- 
s(^ttl(Hl  regions  in  southern  Missouri,  northeastern 
Arkansas,  and  northwestern  Mississippi  iiad  become 
sparsely  covered  by  population.  Along  the  Gulf  coast 
there  was  little  or  no  change;  in  tiie  peninsula  of  Floi-ida 
ther(>  was  a  slight  extension  of  settlement  south. 


rOPULATlON. 


33 


Betwoon  1.S50  and  1S60  the  territorial  chiingos  noted 
•were  as  follows:  The  territory  of  New  Mexico  had 
been  created,  ami  the  territory  south  of  the  Gila  river, 
whicli  had  licen  acquired  fi'oni  Mexico  l)y  the  (iadsden 
purchase  (1853),  added  to  it;  Minnesota  admitted  as  a 
state;  Kansas  and  Nebraska  territories  formed  from 
])ai'ts  of  Missouri  territory:  California  and  Oregon 
aduiitti'd  as  states;  while  in  the  unsettled  parts  of  the 
Cordilleran  rejfion  two  new  territories,  Washington 
and  rtaii.  liad  been  created,  the  foi-mci'  out  of  part  of 
Oregon  tcrritoi'v,  and  tiie  latter  from  part  of  the  Mexi- 
can cession. 

The  frontier  line  now  measured  '),'.MH)  miles,  and  em- 
braced approximately  1,1:^0,518  scjuare  miles,  lying  be- 
tween latitude  28°  30' and  47°  30' nortii  and  between 
longitude  (IT  and  99-  30'  west.  From  this,  deduction 
should  be  made  on  account  of  unsettled  portions, 
amounting  to  39,139  square  miles,  found  mainly  in  New- 
York  and  along  the  Gulf  coast.  The  outlying  settle- 
ments beyond  the  one-hundredth  meridian  were  now 
numerous.  They  included,  among  others,  a  strip  ex- 
tending far  up  the  Rio  Grande;  in  Texas,  em))racing 
7,-175  square  miles  (a  region  given  over  to  the  raising 
of  sheep);  while  the  Pacitic settlements,  comprising  two 
sovereign  states,  were  nearly  three  times  as  extensive 
as  in  1850,  embracing  9y,9tM>  square  miles.  The  total 
area  of  settlement  in  1860  was  1,194,75-1  square  miles, 
the  aggregate  population  31, 443. 321.  and  the  average 
density  of  settlement  20.3  persons  to  the  square  mile. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF   POPULATION:    1870. 

During  the  decade  from  1860  to  187(>  a  luunber  of 
territorial  changes  had  been  effected  in  the  extreme 
AVest.  A  great  tract  called  Alaska,  stretching  into 
Arctic  regions  and  containing  few  people,  was  pur- 
chased from  Russia  in  l8t>7.  Ai'izona.  Colorado,  Da- 
kota. Idaho,  Montana,  and  AVyoming  had  been  organ- 
ized as  territories.  Kansas  and  Nebraska  had  been 
admitted  as  states.  Nevada  -was  made  a  territory  in 
ISOl  and  admitted  as  a  state  in  1864.  West  A'irginia 
had  l)i'en  cut  off  from  i1h>  mother  conunonwealth  and 
made  a  separate  state. 

Li  isTd  (Plate  10)  a  gradual  and  steady  extension  of 
the  frontier  Hue  west  over  t lie  (ireat  plains  will  be  noted. 
The  unsettled  areas  in  ]Main(>.  New  York,  and  Florida 
had  nt>t  greatly  diminished,  but  in  Mii'higan  the  I'xten- 
sion  of  the  iuniln'r  interests  nortliwaril  ami  inward 
from  the  lake  shore  had  reduced  considerably  llie  unset- 
tled portion.  On  the  upper  peninsula  settlements  had 
increased  soniewiiat.  owing  to  the  discovery  of  rich 
iron  ch^posits  ^lestined  to  play  so  important  a  part  in 
the  manufacturing  industry  oi  the  country. 

Settlement  had  spread  west  t;)  the  boundary  of  the 
state  in  southern  Alinnesota.  and  up  the  Big  Sioux 
river  in  southeastern  Dakota.  Iowa  was  entirely 
reclaimed,   excejjting  a    >uiall    area    of    perhaps    l.<iO(i 


square  miles  in  its  northwestern  corner.  Through 
Kansas  and  Nebraska  the  frontier  line  had  moved 
stead ilj' west,  following  in  general  the  courses  of  the 
larger  streams  and  of  the  newly  constructed  rail- 
roads. The  frontier  in  Texas  had  changed  but  little,  that 
little  consisting  of  a  general  westerly  movement.  In 
the  Cordilleran  region,  settlements  had  extended  but 
slowly.  Those  upon  the  Pacitic  coast  showed  little 
change,  either  in  extent  or  in  density.  In  .short,  every- 
where the  ellects  of  the  war  were  seen  in  the  paitial 
arrest  of  tht;  progress  of  development. 

Settlements  in  the  West,  beyond  the  frontier  line, 
had  arranged  themseh'es  mainly  in  three  lielts.  The 
most  eastern  of  these  was  located  in  New'  Mexico,  cen- 
tral Colorado,  and  Wyoming,  along  the  eastern  base  of 
and  among  the  Rocky  mountains.  To  this  region  set- 
tlement was  tirst  attracted  in  1859  and  1860  b^'  the  dis- 
covery of  mineral  deposits,  and  had  been  retained  by 
the  richness  of  the  soil  and  by  th(>  abundance  of  water 
for  irrigation,  which  served  to  promote  the  agricultural 
industry. 

The  second  belt  of  settlement  was  ttiat  of  T'tali,  set- 
tled in  1847  b}-  the  Mormons  Heeing  from  Illinois.  This 
comnnuiity  differed  radically  from  that  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  Ix'ing  essentially  agricultural,  mining'  hav- 
ing been  discountenanced  from  the  tirst  by  the  church 
authorities,  as  tending  to  fill  the  "  Promised  land "  with 
Gentile  adventurers  and  therein'  imperil  Mormon  in- 
stitutions. The  settlements  of  tliis  group,  as  seen  on 
the  map  for  1870,  extended  from  southern  Idaho  south 
through  {'cntral  Utah,  and  along  the  eastern  base  of 
the  Wasatch  range  to  the  Arizona  line.  They  consisted 
mainly  of  scattered  hamlets  and  small  towns,  about 
which  were  grou])e<l  the  fai'ms  of  the  coinnninities. 

Tiie  third  strip  was  that  in  the  Pacitic  states  and  ter- 
ritories, extending  from  \Vashington  territory  south 
to  southern  California  and  east  into  western  Nevada. 
This  group  of  population  owed  its  existence  to  the 
mining  industry;  originated  in  1849  by  a  great  immi- 
gration mo\ement.  it  had  grown  by  successive  impulses 
as  new  lields  for  rapid  wealtii  had  been  dcxclopi'd. 
Ilo\ve\t'i'.  the  value  of  this  region  tt)  the  agriiulturist 
had  been  recognized  and  the  character  of  the  occupa- 
tions of  the  people  was  undergoing  a  marked  change. 

These  three  great  western  groups  i-onijirised  nine- 
tenths  of  the  population  west  of  the  frontier  line.  The 
remainder  was  scattered  about  in  the  valleys  and  the 
mountains  of  Montana,  Idaho,  and  Ari/mia.  at  luililaiy 
posts,  isolated  mining  cainjis.  and  on  cattle  ranches. 

The  frontier  line  in  l87ii  embraced  1.178,0»>s  scjuare 
milt>s.  between  27°  15'  and  47  30'  north  latitude,  and 
between  67^  and  99'  45'  west  longitude.  From  this, 
however,  deduction  must  be  made  of  37,739  square 
miles  on  account  of  interior  portions  uninhabited. 
What  remains  should  be  increased  by  11,S1«>  square 
miles,  on  account  of  settled  tracts  east  of  the  one-hun- 
dredth meridian.  Ivint;-  outside  of  the  frontier  line,  and 


34 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


120,100  square  miles  on  account  of  settlements  in  the 
Cordilleran  region  and  on  the  Pacific  coast,  making 
the  total  area  of  settlement  for  ISTO  not  less  than 
1,273,239  square  miles.  The  aggregate  population  was 
38,558,371,  and  th(>  average  density  of  settlement  30.3 
persons  to  the  square  mile. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF    POPULATION- :    ISSO. 

During  the  decade  from  1870  to  1880  Colorado  had 
been  added  to  the  sisterhood  of  states.  The  first  notice- 
able point  in  examining  Plate  11,  sliowing  the  areas  of 
settlement  at  this  date,  as  compared  with  previous  ones, 
is  the  great  extent  of  territoiy  which  was  brought 
under  occupation  during  the  decade.  Not  only  had 
settlement  spread  west  over  large  areas  in  Dakota, 
Nebraska,  Kansas,  and  Texas,  thus  moving  the  frontier 
line  of  the  main  bodj'  of  settlement  west  man\-  scores 
of  miles,  but  the  isolated  .settlements  of  the  Cordilleran 
region  and  of  the  Pacific  coast  showed  enormous  acces- 
sions of  occupied  territory. 

The  migration  of  farming  population  to  the  north- 
eastern part  of  Maine  had  widened  the  settled  area  to  a 
marked  extent,  pi'obably  more  than  had  been  done  dur- 
ing an}-  previous  decade.  The  unsettled  portion  of  the 
Adirondack  region  of  northern  New  York  had  decreased 
in  size  and  its  limits  had  been  reduced  practically  to 
the  actual  mountain  tract.  The  most  notalde  change, 
however,  in  the  Noi'th  Atlantic  states,  also  in  Ohio  and 
Indiana,  had  been  the  increase  in  density  of  population 
and  the  migration  to  cities,  with  the  consequent  increase 
of  urban  population,  as  indicated  by  the  number  and 
size  of  the  spots  representing  tliese  cities  upon  the  map. 
Throughout  the  Southern  states  there  is  to  l)e  noted 
not  onl}'  a  general  increase  in  the  densit}'  of  population 
and  a  decrease  of  unsettled  areas,  but  a  greater  approach 
to  uniformity  of  settlement  throughout  the  whole  re- 
gion. The  unsettled  area  of  the  peninsula  of  Florida 
had  decreased  decidedly,  while  that  previously  seen 
along  the  upper  coast  of  Florida  and  Louisiana  had  en- 
tirely disappeared.  Although  the  Appalachian  moun- 
tain s^ystem  was  still  distinctly  outlined  b_v  its  general 
lighter  shade  of  color  on  the  map,  its  density  of  popu- 
lation more  nearly  approached  that  of  the  country  on 
the  east  and  on  the  west.  In  Michigan  tiiere  was  a 
very  decided  increase  of  the  settled  region.  Settle- 
ments had  surrounded  the  head  of  the  lower  peninsula, 
and  left  onh'  a  very  small  body  of  unsettled  ctjuntry 
in  the  interior.  In  the  upper  peninsula  copper  and 
iron  interests  and  the  railroads  which  subserve  them 
had  peopled  quite  a  large  extent  of  territory.  In  Wis- 
consin the  unsettled  area  was  rapidly  decreasing  as  I'ail- 
roads  stretched  out  over  the  vacant  tracts.  In  Minne- 
sota and  in  eastern  Dakota  the  building  of  railroa<ls  and 
the  development  of  the  latent  capabilities  of  this  region 
in  the  cultivation  of  wheat  caused  a  rapid  flow  of  settle- 


ment, and  the  frontier  line  of  population,  instead  of 
returning  to  Lake  Michigan,  as  it  did  ten  years  before, 
met  the  boundary  line  of  the  British  possessions  west  of 
the  ninety-s(>venth  meridian.  The  settlements  in  Kansas 
and  Nebraska  had  made  great  strides  over  the  plains, 
reaching  at  several  points  the  Ijoundary  of  the  humid 
region,  so  that  their  westward  extension  beyond  this 
l^oint  nmst  lie  governed  hereafter  by  the  supply  of  water 
in  the  streams.  As  a  natural  result,  settlements  fol- 
lowed these  streams  in  long  ribbons  of  population.  In 
Nebraska  these  narrow  l)elts  reached  the  western  bound- 
ary of  the  state  at  two  points,  one  upon  the  South  Platte 
and  the  other  upon  tlie  Kepublican  river.  In  Kansas, 
too,  settlements  followed  the  Kansas  river,  its  branches, 
and  the  Arkansas  nearly  to  the  western  bouncKiry  of 
the  state.  Texas  also  had  made  great  strides,  both  in 
the  extension  of  the  frontier  line  of  settlement  and  in 
the  increase  in  the  density  of  population,  due  to  the 
building  of  railroads  and  to  the  development  of  the  cat- 
tle and  sheep  raising  industry,  and  other  agricultural 
interests.  The  heavy  population  in  the  prairie  portions 
of  the  state  is  explained  l)y  the  railroads  which  trav- 
ersed them.  In  Dakota,  besides  the  agricultural  region 
in  the  eastern  part  of  the  territory,  may  be  noted  the 
formation  of  a  body  of  settlement  in  the  Black  hills,  in 
the  southwest  corner,  which  in  1870  was  a  part  of  the 
reservation  of  the  Sioux  Indians.  This  settlement  was 
the  result  of  the  discovery  vt  valuable  gold  deposits. 
In  ^Montana  the  settled  area  had  been  greatly  extended, 
and  as  it  was  mainly  due  to  agricultural  interests,  was 
found  chiefly  along  the  courses  of  the  streams.  Mining, 
however,  played  not  a  small  part  in  this  increase  in  set- 
tlement. Idaho,  too,  showed  a  decided  growth  from  the 
same  causes.  The  small  settlements  which  in  1870  were 
loi'ated  about  Boise  city  and  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Clearwater  river  had  extended  their  areas  to  many 
hundreds  of  square  miles.  The  settlement  in  the  south- 
eastern corner  of  the  territory  was  almost  entirely  of 
Mormons,  and  had  not  made  a  marked  increase. 

Of  all  the  states  and  territories  of  the  Cordilleran  re- 
gion, Colorado  had  made  the  greatest  stride  during  the 
decade.  From  the  narrow  strip  of  settlement  extending 
along  the  immediate  base  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  the 
l)clt  increased  so  that  it  comprised  the  whole  mountain 
region,  besides  a  great  extension  outward  upon  the 
plains.  This  increase  was  the  result  of  the  discovery  of 
extensive  and  very  rich  mineral  deposits  about  Lead- 
ville,  producing  a  "stampede''  second  only  to  that  of 
1849  and  1850  to  California.  Miners  spread  over  the 
whole  mountain  region,  until  e\erv  range  and  ridge 
swarmed  with  th(Mn.  New  Mexico  showed  but  little 
change,  although  the  extension  of  railroads  in  the  ter- 
ritory and  the  opening  up  of  mineral  resources  pinni- 
ised  ill  the  n(':ir  future  to  add  largely  to  its  ))opulalioM. 
Ai'i/.ona.  too.  although  its  extent  of  settlement  had  in- 
cieased  somewhat,  was  but  just  commencing  to  enjoy  a 


POPULATION. 


35 


period  of  rapid  development,  owing  to  the  extension  of 
railroads  and  to  the  suppression  of  hostile  Indians. 
Utah  presented  a  case  dissimilar  to  any  other  of  the  ter- 
ritories—a case  of  steady  growth,  due  almost  entirely' 
to  its  agricultural  capabilities  and  to  the  policy  of  the 
Mormon  church,  which  had  steadily  discountenanced 
mining  and  speculation  in  all  forms,  and  encouraged 
in  every  way  agricultural  pui'suits.  Nevada  showed  a 
slight  extension  of  settlement  due  mainly  to  the  gi'adual 
increase  in  agricultural  interests.  The  mining  industry 
was  proliably  not  more  flourishing  in  this  state  than  it 
was  ten  years  before,  and  the  population  dependent 
upon  it  was.  if  anything,  less  in  number.  In  California 
the  attention  of  tiie  people  had  become  devoted  more 
and  more  to  fai'ming,  at  the  expense  of  mining  and 
cattle  raising.  The  popidation  in  some  of  the  mining 
regions  had  decreased,  while  over  the  area  of  the  great 
valley  and  in  the  fertile  valleys  of  the  coast  ranges  it 
had  increased.  In  Oregon  the  increase  had  been  mainly 
in  the  section  east  of  the  Cascade  range,  a  region  di-ained 
by  the  Deschutes  and  the  John  Day  rivers,  and  by  the 
smaller  tributaries  of  the  Snake,  a  region  which,  with 
the  corresponding  section  in  Washington  territory,  was 
coming  to  the  front  as  a  wheat-producing  district.  In 
most  of  the  settled  portions  here  spoken  of,  irrigation 
was  not  necessary  for  the  cultivation  of  crops,  conse- 
quently the  possi))ilities  of  the  region  in  the  direction 
of  agricultural  de\elopment  were  very  great.  In 
Washington  territory,  which  in  ISTO  had  been  scarcely 
touched  by  immigration,  the  valley  west  of  the  Cascade 
mountains  was  fairly  well  settled  throughout,  while  the 
stream  of  settlement  had  poured  up  the  Columbia  into 
the  valleys  of  the  Walhiwalla  and  Snake  rivers  and  the 
great  plain  of  the  Cohunbia,  induced  thither  by  the 
facilities  for  cattk;  raising  and  b_v  the  great  profits  of 
wheat  cultixation. 

The  length  of  the  frontier  line  in  18JSU  was  ;o,;i37 
miles.  The  area  included  between  this  lino,  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  the  Gulf  coast,  and  th(>  northern  boundary  was 
1,31*8,1)40  square  miles,  lying  between  20  and4i»  north 
latitude  and  67^  and  102^  west  longitude.  From  this 
must  be  deducted,  for  unsettlinl  areas,  u  total  of  S!t,400 
square  miles*  distributed  as  follows: 


Square 
miles. 


Maine 12,000 

New  York  2. 200 

MiuhiKiili 10, 200 

VViscdiisin  10, 2W) 

M  i  nneso  ta »1 ,  000 

Florida 20,S00 


To  the  remaining  1,309,540  square  miles,  must  be 
added  the  isolated  areas  of  settlement  in  the  Cordilleran 
region  and  the  extent  of  settlement  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
which  amounted,  in  the  aggregate,  to  200,025  square 
miles,  making  a  total  settled  area  of  1,569,565  square 


miles.     The  population  was  50,155,783,  and  the  (l(>nsity 
of  settlement  32.0  persons  to  the  square  mile. 

DISTRIHUTION    OF   POPUI.ATION:    1890. 

During  tlie  decade  from  1880  to  1890  a  trifling  change 
was  made  in  the  lioundary  between  Nebraska  and  Da- 
kota which  slightly  increased  the  area  of  Nebraska. 
Dakota  territory  was  divided  and  the  states  of  North 
Dakota  and  South  Dakota  admitted.  Montana  and 
Washington  were  added  to  the  sisterhood  of  states. 
The  territory  of  Oklahoma  was  created  out  of  the 
western  half  of  Indian  Territory,  to  which  was  added 
the  striji  of  public  land  lying  north  of  the  panhandle  of 
Texas.  ^ 

The  most  striking  fact  connected  with  the  extension 
of  settlement  dui'ing  this  decade  was  the  numerous 
additions  which  were  made  to  the  .settled  area  within 
the  Cordillei'an  region,  as  defined  on  Plate  12.  Settle- 
ments .spread  westward  up  the  slope  of  the  plains  until 
they  joined  the  bodies  formerly  isolated  in  Colorado, 
forming  a  continuous  body  of  .settlement  from  the  East 
to  the  Rocky  mountains.  Practically  the  whole  of 
Kan.sas  became  a  .settled  region,  and  the  unsettled  area 
of  Nebraska  was  reduced  in  dimensions  to  one-third  of 
what  it  was  ten  years  before.  What  had  been  a  sparselj'^ 
settled  region  in  Texas  in  1880,  became  the  most  popu- 
lous part  of  the  state,  while  settlements  had  spread  west- 
ward to  the  escarpment  of  the  Staked  plains.  The  un- 
settled regions  of  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota  were 
reduced  to  about  one-half  their  former  dimensions.  Set- 
tlements in  Montana  spread  until  they  occupied  prac- 
tically one-third  of  the  state.  In  New  Mexico.  Idaho, 
and  Wj'oming  considerable  extensions  of  area  were 
made.  In  Colorado,  in  spite  of  the  decline  of  the 
mining  industry  and  the  depopulation  of  its  mining  re- 
gions, settlement  spread  over  two-thirds  of  the  state. 
Oregon  and  Washington  showed  equally  rapid  progress, 
and  California,  although  its  mining  regions  had  suf- 
fered, made  great  inroads  upon  its  unsettled  regions, 
especialh'  in  the  southern  part.  Of  all  the  Western 
states  and  territories  Nevada  alone  was  at  a  stsmdstill 
in  this  respect,  its  settled  area  remaining  practically  the 
same  as  in  1880.  When  it  is  remembered  that  the  state 
had  lost  over  one- third  of  its  population- during  the 
decade,  the  fact  that  it  held  its  own  in  settled  area  is 
surprising,  until  it  is  understood  that  the  state  had 
undergone  a  material  change  in  occupations,  and  that 
the  inhabitants,  instead  of  being  doseh*  grouped  and 
engaged  in  mining  pursuits,  had  scattered  along  its 
streams  and  engaged  in  agriculture. 

Settleuient  was  .spreading  with  some  rapidity  in 
Elaine,  its  unsettled  area  having  dwindled  from  12,000 
to  about  6,000  square  miles.  The  unsettled  portion  of 
the  Adirondack  region  in  New  York  had  also  dimin- 
ished, there  remaining  but  l.OOo  square  miles.  The 
frontier  had  been  pushed  still  farther  south  in  Florida, 


36 


bl'A'l'Ls'llCAL  ATLAS. 


and  the  unsettled  area  reduced  from  20,.s00  to  iil)out 
15,000  sciuare  miles. 

Lumbering  and  niinino'  interests  had  iiractic-illy 
obliteratt'd  the  wilderness  of  ^Michigan,  and  reduced 
that  of  AVisconsin  to  less  than  one-half  of  its  former 
area.  Li  ^Minnesota  the  area  of  the  wild  northern 
forests  had  been  reduced  from  34,U(i(i  to  l'o.ooo  square 
miles. 

Up  to  and  including  1880,  the  country  had  a  frontier 
of  settlement,  hut  in  18f>0  the  unsettled  area  had  been 
so  In'oken  into  bv  isolated  bodies  of  settle'ment  that 
there  could  hardly  )»'  said  to  be  a  frontier  line.  Its 
ext'^"t  and  westerly  movement  can  not.  therefore,  be 
further  discussed. 

In  1890  the  total  population  returned  by  the  general 
enumeration  was  (;L'.<)22,25t»,  and  the  settled  area 
amounted  to  l.l»4T.ii.S(»,  making  a  density  of  32.2  per- 
son.s  to  a  square  nnle. 

DISTKIBUTION    OF   POPULATION:    1900. 

The  Twelfth  Cen.sus  (Plate  13)  marked  one  liundred 
and  ten  years'  growth  of  the  United  States,  during  which 
pei'iod  the  population  has  increased  more  than  twenty- 
one  times;  the  country  has  grown  from  groups  of  settle- 
ments of  less  than  -t, 000, 000  people  to  one  of  the  leading 
nations  of  the  world,  with  a  population  of  nearly 
85,000,000.  In  the  decade  from  is'.M)  to  1900,  Idaho, 
Wyoming,  and  Utah  were  admitted  as  states,  and 
numerous  additions  of  territory  were  made,  comprising 
Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  Philippine  Islands,  (juam,  and 
Samoa,  covering  an  area  of  nearly  130,O(i0  scjuare  miles 
with  over  S.OOu.uou  inhabitants. 

It  is  a  peculiar  fact  that,  in  spite  of  the  great  increase 
in  population  of  continental  United  States  from  1890 
to  1900,  the  unsettled  area  has  also  increased,  princi- 
pally in  the  Western  states.  In  these  states,  however, 
the  population  of  the  settled  area  has  increased  suiB- 
ciently  to  balance  the  loss  in  the  sparsely  .settled 
districts,  and  the  density  of  population  for  the  state  or 
territory,  as  a  whole,  has  not  decreas  'd.  except  in 
Nevada.  The  unsettled  area  has  materially  increased 
in  Arizona,  California,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Kan.sas,  Nevada, 
New  Mexico,  and  Oregon,  while  in  Nebraska,  Montana, 
Texas,  and  Wyoming  slight  increases  are  also  noted. 
The  western  portions  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska  show  an 
increase  in  unsettled  area,  although  the  density  of  pop- 
ulation of  the  state,  as  a  whole,  has  not  decreased,  owing 
to  the  increase  of  population  in  the  eastern  portions  of 
these  states;  this  increase,  however,  is  slight,  being 
but  1  person  to  10  square  miles  in  Nebraska,  and  1  per- 
son to  2  .square  miles  in  Kansas. 

In  Ma}',  1890,  the  territory  of  Oklahoma  was  created, 
and  a  month  later  the  enumeration  showed  an  area  of 
settlement  of  2,890  square  miles,  which,  in  I'.Mio,  had 
increased  to  32,432  square  miles,  an  actual  increase  in 
the  settled  area  of  29,542  .square  mih\s,  a  greater  i  nci-ease 


than  that  of  any  other  state  or  territory,  due  to  the  in- 
crease in  population  during  the  decade  from  78,475  to 
398,331,  or  4(i7.r,  pei-  cent. 

Indian  Territory  also  made  a  remarkable  increase  in 
populati(;n,  but,  as  it  was  not  divided  into  counties,  no 
detailed  computation  of  the  density  of  settlement  or 
comparison  of  the  increase  in  settled  area  could  be  made. 
The  area  of  settlement,  computed  by  taking  each  Indian 
reservation  as  a  unit.  shi^)wed  that  every  portion  nf  the 
territory  had  a  density  of  more  than  2  persons  lo  a 
square  mile. 

The  unsettled  area  of  Maine  remained  practically 
unchanged,  although  the  second  group,  from  (i  to 
18  persons  to  a  scjuare  mile,  greatly  increased.  In 
northern  New  Yoik  the  unsettled  area  of  the  Adiron- 
dack legion  has  been  entirely  oblitcnited  by  advancing 
settlement.  In  Florida  tliis  area  was  practically  un- 
changed. Mining  and  lumbering  enterprises  and  the 
extension  of  railroads  have  effaced  the  unsettled  area  in 
Wisconsin.  In  Minnesota  the  opening  of  Indian  res- 
ervations, the  growth  of  mining  and  lumbering  enter- 
prises, and  the  extension  of  railroads  ha\'e  caused  a 
great  influx  of  settlement  to  the  northern  portion  and 
the  un.settled  area  has  been  reduced  7,00O  scpiare  miles. 
North  Dakota  has  decreased  its  unsettled  area  by 
18,t»(>0  square  miles  and  extended  its  area  of  2  to  6 
persons  to  a  square  mile  north  and  west  to  the  Cana- 
dian line  and  nearly  to  the  border  of  Montana.  The 
eastern  part  of  the  state,  especially  in  the  valley  of  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  shows  quite  an  increase  in  the 
area  of  6  to  18  persons  to  a  square  mile.  In  South 
Dakota  very  little  change  is  noted  in  the  unsettled 
area,  but  the  group  from  2  to  6  has  increased,  and  in 
the  southeastern  portion  of  the  state  the  group  of  18 
to  45  has  enlarged  its  area.  The  unsettled  area  in  Texas 
has  shown  a  slight  growth,  the  increase  in  population 
being  principally  in  the  eastern  half.  The  unset- 
tled area  in  the  state  of  Washington  has  decreased 
since  1890,  while  in  Montana,  Oregon,  and  California 
an  increase  is  noted.  Nevada  shows  a  great  decrea.se 
in  its  settled  area,  the  entire  state  having  a  popu- 
lation of  1  person  to  each  2^  square  miles  of  area; 
theie  were,  however,  patches  of  settleme'nt,  as  shown 
on  Plate  13,  with  a  population  of  from  2  to  <j  persons 
to  a  square  mile. 

The  total  land  area  of  continental  United  States,  in 
1900.  was  2.97<i,230  square  miles,  and  the  aggregate 
poj)ulation.  imluding  Indians.  75.994,575,  giving  a 
density  of  25.0.  Excluding  the  unsettled  area  of 
1.044.640  s(|uare  miles,  the  density  of  population  of  the 
settled  area  in  1900  was  39.5  pei'sons  to  the  square  mile. 

After  studying  the  increase  in  population  of  the 
United  States  from  1790  to  1900.  it  will  Ue  of  interest 
to  compare  its  growth  in  population-  during  the  past 
century  with  that  of  the  pi-incipal  nations  of  Europe; 
Plate  It  represents  graphit-ally  the  growth  in  popula- 


POPULATTOX. 


37 


tion  of  the  United  States  uiul  nine  of  the  most  jjopulous 
i'ountries  of  Em'o])e  from  \Xin)  to  I'.IOO.  As  it  Wiis  im- 
possible to  obtain  the  [niijulatinn  of  Kiiropeaii  countiies 
for  many  of  the  decades  shown,  this  diajiiam  has  been 
based  upon  a  cliurt  prepared  ))y  Prof.  Vv.  \-on  .Turaschek 
for  the  "GeogTaphisch-Statistiselie  'i'al)elhMi.  I'.tol."' 
Of  the  ten  eountries  repri^seiited  on  tlie  diajiiam,  the 
United  States  was  nintli  in  lS(Mi.  Imt  (hii-inji-  tiie  et'iitury 
its  population  inereasedso  I'apidly  tliat  it  |)asscdTui'kev, 
Spain,  the  United  Kinti'dom.  Italy.  Austria-llunsrary, 
the  German  Empire,  and  France,  and  in  T.too  was 
second,  standinij  just  Ixdow  Kussia. 

Center  of  Porui.ATioN  and  its  Median  Point. 

The  location  of  tii<'  center  of  population  and  tiie  ile- 
scription  of  its  movements  from  census  to  census, 
during  the  past  century,  is  a  matter  of  special  inter- 
est, as  such  movements  summarize  the  net  result  of  all 
the  movements  of  population  dni'ino-  each  decennial 
period. 

The  center  of  po])nlalion  i-  the  center  of  yravity  of 
the  population  of  the  country,  each  indi\idual  Ix'ing 
assumed  to  have  the  same  weight.  In  oi'der  that  the 
result  might  be  comparable  with  tliose  obtained  in  1880 
and  1800.  the  jxipnlation  of  .\laska  and  Hawaii  has  not 
been  included.  The  method  used  was  in  brief  as 
follows: 

The  population  of  the  country  was  first  distributed  by 
"square  degrees,'"  as  the  area  includeti  l)etwi>en  consec- 
utive parallels  of  latitude  and  meridians  of  longitude  has 
been  designated.  A  point  was  then  assumed,  tentatively, 
as  the  center,  and  corrections  in  latitude  and  longitude  to 
this  tentative  position  were  computed.  In  this  case  the 
center  was assiuned  tobeat  the  intersection  of  tliepar;dlel 
of  39-  north  with  the  meridian  of  S(3  west  of  Greenwich. 
The  population  of  each  squart?  degree  was  assumed  to 
be  located  at  the  center  of  that  s(|uare  degree,  except 
in  cases  where  it  was  manifest  that  this  assumption 
would  be  untrue;  as,  for  instance,  where  a  part  of  the 
square  degree  was  occupied  by  the  sea  or  other  large 
body  of  water,  or  when^  it  contained  a  city  of  consid- 
erable magnitude  which  was  situated  "■  otf  center."  In 
these  cases  the  position  of  the  center  of  population  of 
the  square  degree  was  estimat(Ml  as  nearly  as  po^sibli>. 
The  shortest  distances  lietween  each  sucii  center  of 
population  of  a  square  degree  (whether  assumed  to  be 
at.  oi'  at  a  distance  from,  the  ciMiter  of  the  scjuai'e  degree) 
and  the  assumed  paralhd  and  meridian  were  deter- 
mined. The  })opulation  of  each  square  degree  was 
then  multiplied  liy  the  sliortest  distance  of  its  center 
of  population  from  the  assuincil  ])arallel  of  latitude, 
and  the  sums  of  the  products,  or  moments,  north  and 
south  of  that  parallel  were  ol)tained.  Their  diti'erence, 
divided  by  the  total  population  of  the  country,  gave  a 
correction  to  the  latitud(>  of  the  assumed  center  of  pop- 
ulation.    In    a    similar    manner    the     east   and     I'-'^st 


moments  were  procured,  and  from  them  a  correction 
to  the  longitude  of  the  assumed  centi'i'  was  obtained. 

The  following  table  and  the  map.  Plate  It!,  show  the 
location  and  movement  of  the  center  of  pojjulation 
from  ITHd  to  IWO: 

Position,  of  the  center  of  population:  1790  lo  1900. 


Western 

move- 

North 

West 
longi- 
tude. 

Approximate  location  by  important 

ment 
in  miles 

latitude. 

cities  and  towns. 

during 
preeed- 

ing  dec- 

ade. 

o 

, 

o       /  ' 

1790 

39 

16.  r, 

76    11.2 

23  miles  east  of  Baltimore.  Md 

isno 

:S9 

11!.  1 

76    .06.5 

18  miles  west  of  Baltimore,  Md 

41 

1810 

39 

11.. 5 

77    37.2 

40  miles  northwest  by  west  of  Wasli- 
ington,  D.  C. 

36 

1820 

39 

t).? 

78    33.0 

16  miles  north  of  Woodstocit,  Va 

fiO 

IS.W 

:« 

67.9 

79    16.9 

19  miles  west-southwest  of  Moore- 
flcld.  in  the  present  state  of  West 
Virginia. 

39 

■ 

1.-4J 

39 

•i.O 

80    18.0 

16  miles  south  of  Clarksburg,  in  the 
present  state  of  West  Virginia. 

55 

I.SoO 

38 

•')9.0 

81    19.0 

23  miles  southeast  of  I'arliersburg.  in 
the  present  state  of  West  Virginia. 

55 

1860 

39 

0.4 

82    48.8 

20  miles  south  of  Chillieothe.  Ohio 

81 

1870 

39 

12.0 

83    35.7 

48  miles  east  bv  north  of  ('ineinnati, 
Ohio. 

42 

1880 

39 

4.1 

84    39.7 

8  miles  west  by  south  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

68 

1890 

39 

11.9 

85    32.9 

20  miles  east  of  Columbus,  Ind 

48 

1900 

39 

9.6 

85    48.9 

6  miles  southe<ist  of  Columbus,  Ind . . . 

14 

In  ITIM)  the  position  of  the  center  of  population  was 
39°  16.5'  north  latitude  and  76°  11.2'  west  longitude, 
which  !i  comi)arison  of  the  liest  maps  availal)le  would 
seem  to  place  about  'I'i  miles  east  of  Baltimore.  During 
the  decade  from  1790  to  1800  it  appears  to  have  moved 
almost  due  west  to  a  point  about  18  miles  west  of  the 
same  city,  being  in  latitude  39-  16.1'  north  and  longi- 
tude 76°  56.5'  west. 

From  ISdo  tt)  ISlo  it  moved  west  and  slightly  south 
to  a  point  in  \'irginia  about -lu  miles  northwest  by  west 
of  AVashington,  being  in  latitude  39^  11.5'  north  and 
longitude  77  37.2'  west.  The  southerly  movement 
during  this  decade  appears  to  have  been  due  to  the  an- 
nexation of  the  territory  of  Louisiana,  which  contained 
(juite  i>xtensive  settlements. 

From  Islo  to  1820  it  moved  west  and  again  slightly 
.south  to  a  point  about  10  miles  north  of  Woodstock, 
\'irginia,  being  in  latitude  39-  .">.7'  north  and  longitude 
78-  33.0'  west.  This  continued  southerly  movement 
appears  to  hsive  b(>en  due  to  the  extension  of  .settlements 
in  Mississippi,  Alal)ama.  and  eastern  Georgia. 

From  is-iit  to  1830  it  continued  to  move  west  and  .south 
to  a  point  about  19  miles  west-southwest  of  Moorefield, 
in  the  present  state  of  West  Virginia,  being  in  latitude 
38  57.9'  north  and  longitude  79  16.9'  west.  This  is 
the  most  decided  southern  movement  that  it  has  made 
during  any  decade.  It  appears  to  have  been  due  in  part 
to  the  addition  of  Florida  to  our  territoiy,  and  in  part 
to  the  great  extension  of  settlements  in  Alabama,  Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana,  and  Arkansas,  or  generally,  it  may  be 
said,  in  the  Southwest. 


38 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


From  1830  to  1840  it  moved  still  farther  west,  ))ut 
slightly  changed  its  direction  north,  reaching  a  point  16 
miles  south  of  Clarksburg,  in  the  present  state  of  West 
Virginia,  being  in  latitude  3!»'-'  2.0'  north  and  longitude 
80°  18.0'  west.  During  this  decade  settlement  had 
made  decided  advances  in  the  prairie  states  and  in  the 
southern  portions  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  the  bal- 
ance t)f  increased  settlement  evidently  "being  in  favor 
of  the  Ts'orthwest. 

From  islo  to  l.s.'>0  it  moved  west  and  slightlv  south 
again,  reaching  a  point  about  23  miles  southeast  of 
Parkerslnirg,  in  the  jncsciit  state  of  West  Virginia,  in 
latitude  38°  .59.0'  north  and  longitude  81°  19.0'  west,  the 
change  of  direction  south  being  largely  due  to  the  an- 
nexation of  Texas. 

From  1850  to  1860  it  moved  west  and  slightly  north, 
reaching  a  point  20  miles  south  of  Chillicothe,  Ohio, 
this  being  in  latitude  39°  0.1'  north,  longitude  83°  18.8' 
west. 

From  1860  to  1870  it  moved  west  and  sharply  north, 
reaching  a  point  about  18  miles  east  by  north  of  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio,  in  latitude  39°  12.0'  north,  longitude 
83^'  35.7'  west.  This  northern  movement  was  due  in 
pait  to  the  waste  and  destruction  in  the  South,  conse- 
quent upon  the  Civil  War,  and  in  part,  probal)l_y,  to  the 
fact  that  the  census  of  1870  was  defective  in  its  enu- 
meration of  the  southern  people,  especially  of  the 
newdy  enfranchised  negro  population. 

In  1880  the  center  of  population  had  returned  south 
to  nearly  the  same  latitude  which  it  bad  in  I860,  being 
in  latitude  39°  1.1'  north,  longitude  84°  39.7'  west,  8 
miles  west  by  south  of  t'inciiuiati,  Ohio.  This  south- 
ern movement  was  due  only  in  i>ait  to  an  imperfect 
enumeration  in  some  of  the  Southern  states  in  1870. 
During  the  decade  from  ls70  to  1880  the  Southern 
states  made  a  large  positive  iticrease.  l)oth  from  natural 
growth  and  from  migration  south. 

Ill  1890  the  center  of  population  had  moved  north 
into  practically  the  same  latitude  it  oceupied  in  1S70. 
This  northern  movement  was  largely  due  to  the  great 
development  in  the  cities  of  the  Northwest  and  in  the 
state  of  Washington,  also  to  the  increase  of  population 
in  New  England.  Its  position  was  in  latitude  39  '  11.9' 
north  ami  longitude  85-'  32.9'  west,  20  miles  east  of 
Columbus,  Indiana. 

From  1890  to  1900  the  center  of  population  nn)vcd 
west  16'  1"  (a  little  over  11  miles),  and  south  2'  20"  (a 
little  less  than  3  miles) — the  smallest  movenu^nt  that 
has  ever  been  noted — and  was  located  at  a  point  about  (J 
miles  southeast  of  Columbus,  l>artholomew  county,  Indi- 
ana, in  latitude  39°  9.6'  north  and  longitude  85°  18.9' 
west,  as  it  appears  on  Plate  15.  The  southern  move- 
ment was  due  largely  to  the  great  increase  in  population  i 
of  Indian  Territory,  Oklahoma,  and  Texas,  while  the"  \ 
small  western  movement  of  the  center  was,  undoubtedly,   [ 


due  to  the  large  increase  in  the  population  of  the  North 
Atlantic  states.  It  also  shows  that  the  population  of  the 
W^estern  states  has  not  increased  as  rapidly  as  in  former 
decades. 

The  closeness  with  which  the  center  of  population, 
through  its  rapid  western  movement,  has  clung  to  the 
p:irall(d  of  39'  of  latitude  can  not  fail  to  be  noticed. 
The  most  northern  point  reached  was  at  the  start,  in 
1790;  the  most  southern  point  was  in  is.'riO,  the  preced- 
ing decade  having  witnessed  a  rapid  develo]iment  of 
population  in  the  Southwest  and  in  Florida.  The 
extreme  variation  in  latitude  has  liecn  l(>ss  than  19 
minutes,  while  the  movement  in  longitude  during  the 
one  hundred  and  ten  years  of  record  was  a  little  over 
9.5  degrees.  Assuming  the  western  movement  to  have 
been  uniformly  along  the  parallel  of  39  of  latitude,  the 
western  movement  of  the  several  decades  has  been  as 
follows:  1790-1800,  11  miles;  1800-1810,  36  miles; 
1810-1820,  50  miles;  1820-1830,39  miles;  18-30-1810,55 
miles;  1810-1850,  55  miles;  1850-1860,  81  miles;  1860- 
1870,  42  miles;  1870-1880,58  miles;  1880-189O,  IS  miles; 
1890-1900.  14  miles.  This  is  a  total  western  movement 
of  519  miles  since  1790.  The  sudden  acceleration  of 
movement  between  1850  and  I860  was  due  to  the  transfer 
of  a  considerable  body  of  population  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific  coast,  twelve  individuals  in  San  Francisco 
exerting  as  much  pressure  at  the  then  pivotal  point, 
namely,  the  crossing"  of  the  eighty-third  meridian  and 
the  thirtv-ninth  parallel,  as  forty  individuals  in  Boston. 

The  center  of  area  of  the  United  States,  excluding 
Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  other  recent  accessions,  is  in  north- 
ern Kansas,  in  approximate  latitude  39°  55'  and  approx- 
imate longitude  98°  50'.  The  center  of  population  in 
1900  was.  therefore,  about  three-fourths  of  a  degree 
south  and  more  than  thirteen  degrees  east  of  the  center 
of  area. 

The  median  point  is  the  point  of  intersection  of  the 
line  dividing  the  population  equally  north  and  south 
with  the  line  dividing  it  equally  east  and  west.  In 
short,  it  is  the  central  point  of  population  and  differs 
from  the  center  of  population  in  the  fact  that  distance 
from  the  center  is  not  considered.  Its  movements  from 
census  to  census  bear  no  relation  to  the  movements  of 
population,  since  only  movements  by  which  bodies  of 
population  are  transfei'red  across  the  median  lines 
ha\t^  any  influence  upon  its  position.  To  illustrate 
this,  a  million  people  may  move  from  .Minnesota  to 
Washington  state  without  atl'ecting  its  position,  whiie 
the  movement  of  a  hundred  persons  from  ^Michigan  to 
Wisconsin  might  atlect  it  apprecial)ly.  In  1900  the 
meridian  of  84'  51'  29"  equally  divided  the  populiition 
of  the  United  States  east  and  west,  and  the  paralhd  of 
40  4'  22"  e(|iially  divided  it  iiorlli  and  south.  The 
median  ])oin(.  therefore,  was  located  at  Sj)artanl)urg, 
Indiana. 


POPULATION. 


39 


In  order  loiiuikc  a  coiiiparison  with  the  inovenicnt  of 
the  center  of  population,  eoniputations  wore  also  made 
for  the  Tenth  and  Eleventli  censuses. 

The  location  of  the  median  imint  at  the  Tenth, 
Eleventh,  and  Twelfth  censuses  is  shown  on  Plate  16, 
and  its  position  and  movement  in  the  followino-  table: 


CENSUS. 

North 
latitude. 

West 
longitude. 

Location. 

1880 

1890 

1900 

o          / 

39  57.0 

40  2.9 
40      4.4 

o         / 
84      7.2 

84    40.0 
84    51.5 

16.2  miles  nearly  due  west  of  Springfield 

Miami  county.  Ohio. 
4.8  miU'B  southwest  of  Greenville,  Ohio. 
In  Spartanburg,  Ind. 

The  movement  of  the  median  point  from  1880  to  1890 
was  north  5'  51"  and  west  32'  49".  From  1S90  to  l!»oO 
it  moved  north  1'  31"  and  west  11'  2S".  The  compari- 
son of  the  movements  of  the  center  of  population  and 
the  median  point  sliows  that  they  do  not  move  in  parallel 
lines,  as  from  1880  to  1890  the  median  point  moved  west 
27  miles  and  north  6.6  miles,  while  the  center  of  popu- 
lation moved  west  4S  miles  and  north  9  miles.  From 
1890  to  1900  the  median  point  moved  west  10.8  miles 
and  north  2.4  miles,  while  the  center  of  population 
moved  west  14  miles  and  south  2.5  miles. 

Geographical  Divisions. 

For  purposes  of  comparison  continental  United  States 
was  divided  into  five  main  groups  or  divisions  which, 
with  the  states  and  territories  included  therein,  are  as 
follows: 

NORTH  ATLANTIC  DIVISION. 


Maine. 

New  Hampshire. 

Vermont. 


Delaware. 
Maryland. 
District  of  Columbia. 


Massachusetts. 
Rhode  Island. 
Connecticut. 


New  York. 
New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania. 


SOUTH  ATLANTIC  DIVISION. 


Virginia. 
West  Virginia. 
North  t^arolina. 


South  Carolina. 

tieorgia. 

Florida. 


NORTH  CENTRAL  DIVISION. 


Ohio. 
Indiana. 
Illinois. 
Michigan. 


Kentucky. 

Tennessee. 
Alabama. 


Montana. 
Idaho. 

Wyoming. 
Colorado. 


Wisconsin. 
Minnesota. 
Iowa. 
Missouri. 


North  Dakota. 
South  Dakota. 
Nebraska. 
Kansas. 


SOUTH  CENTRAL  DIVISION. 


Mississippi. 
Louisiana. 
Arkansas. 

WESTERN  DIVISION. 

New  Mexico. 
.\rizona. 
Utah. 
Nevada. 


Indian  Territory. 

Oklahoma. 

Texas. 


Washington. 

Oregon. 

California. 


Population  by  States  and  Territories. 

Plates  18  and  19  show,  In-  the  length  of  the  bars,  the 
growth  of  the  population  of  each  state  and  territory  at 
each  census,  and  make  clear  the  remarkable  increase  and 
magnitude  of  the  population  of  New  York  and  Penn- 
sylvania, as  compared  with  that  of  New  Hampshire. 
Vermont,  Delaware,  and  other  states.     Ohio  and  Illinois 


also  show  large  and  steady  increases  in  their  population 
from  census  to  census. 

Plate  21  indicates  the  rank  in  population  of  the  states 
and  territories  at  each  census  and  graphically  illustrates 
the  rapid  growth  of  those  states  formed  from  the 
western  territory,  the  most  conspicuous  being  that  of 
Ohio,  lUinoi.s,  Missouri,  Iowa,  and  Texas. 

In  1790  Virginia  was  the  most  populous  state  and 
held  this  position  until  1820,  and,  though  increasing  in 
population  at  each  census  except  in  1870,  steadily  lost 
in  rank  until  1900  when  it  stood  seventeenth,  due  prin- 
cipally to  the  separation  of  West  Virginia  in  1862. 
Massachusetts,  .second  in  1790,  was  fourth  in  1800, 
seventh  in  1820,  and.  with  slight  changes  at  intervening 
censuses,  ranked  .seventh  in  1900.  Penn.sylvania,  the 
third  state  in  1790,  advanced  to  the  second  position  in 
ISOO,  which  it  has  held  continuously,  except  in  181u  and 
IS20.  New  Vork  ranked  fourth  in  1790,  but  grew  so 
rapidly  that  in  1820  it  displaced  Virginia,  as  the  first 
state,  and  still  held  first  position  at  the  Twelfth  Census. 
North  Carolina,  fifth  in  1790,  was  fifteenth;  Maryland, 
sixth,  was  twenty -sixth;  South  Carolina,  seventh,  was 
twenty-fourth;  Connecticut,  eighth,  was  twenty-ninth; 
New  Jersey,  ninth,  was  sixteenth;  New  Hampshire, 
tenth,  was  thirty-sixth;  Georgia,  eleventh  in  1790,  was 
the  only  state  that  held  the  same  rank  in  1900;  Rhode 
Island,  twelfth,  was  thirty -fourth;  and  Delaware,  thir- 
teenth, was  forty-sixth. 

The  loss  in  rank  of  a  number  of  the  original  thirteen 
states  was  not  caused  by  an  actual  decrease  in  their 
population,  but  by  the  remarkable  growth  of  new  states 
carved  out  of  the  western  territory;  as,  for  insbince, 
Ohio  in  1800  was  seventeenth,  and  in  1900  was  fourth. 
Illinois,  twenty -second  in  1810,  was  third;  Mis.souri, 
which  first  appeared  in  1820  as  the  twenty-third  state, 
had  outgrown  all  of  the  original  thirteen  states,  except 
New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  and  in  1900  ranked  fifth; 
Iowa,  twenty-ninth  in  1840,  was  tenth;  and  Wisconsin, 
holding  the  la.st  place,  thirtieth,  at  the  same  decade, 
was  thirteenth.  Texas,  admitted  to  the  Union  in  1845, 
ranked  as  the  twenty-fifth  state  in  1850  and  has  had  such 
remarkable  growth  that  it  outranked  Massachusetts  at 
the  Twelfth  Censu.s.  lieing  the  sixth  .state  in  population. 

Density  of  Population. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  24  and  cartogram  1.  Plate  27.  show 
the  density  of  population  of  each  state  and  territory  in 
1900,  excluding  the  District  of  Columbia,  which  is 
practically  a  city.  The  most  densely  populated  states 
were  Ehode  Island,  with  407  persons  to  a  square  mile; 
Massachusetts,  with  349;  New  Jersey,  with  250;  and 
Connecticut,  with  188. 

Plate  25  shows  the  decrease  and  the  density  of 
increase  of'  population  from  1890  to  1900.  The  areas 
colored  in  blue  indicate  tho.se  counties  in  which  the 
population  has   decreased,  and  the  shades  of   brown, 


40 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


the  live  different  groups  in  which  the  density  of 
increase  of  popuhition  ranges  from  k^ss  than  one  inhab- 
itant per  square  mile  to  twenty-live  or  more  per  square 
mile.  The  heaviest  shade,  denoting  the  greatest  in- 
crease, is  found  principally  in  the  states  having  the 
greatest  density  of  population,  except  in  Oklahoma, 
Indian  Territory,  and  Texas,  and  counties  containing 
important  cities. 

Cartogram  5.  Plate  '.^7,  shows,  by  states  and  terri- 
tories, the  decrease  in  blue,  and  the  density  of  increase 
of  population  from  1890  to  IIHH)  in  five  shades  of 
brown.  The  only  state  indicating  a  decrease  is  Nevada, 
the  Atlantic  coast  states  shf)wing  the  greatest  increase, 
and  the  states  of  the  "\^'estern  and  North  Central 
divisions  the  smallest. 

Cartogram  3,  Plate  27,  shows  the  decrease  and  propor- 
tion of  increase  of  total  population  from  IS'.tO  to  VMK), 
by  states  and  territories.  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Ver- 
mont, Delaware,  Nebraska,  and  Kansas  had  the  smallest 
increase,  and  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Territory  the  great- 
est.    Nevada  is  the  oidy  state  indicating  a  decrease. 

Plate  28  presents  in  Idue  those  counties  in  which  the 
population  has  decreased  from  18'JU  to  IIXIO.  and.  in 
four  shades  of  brown,  the  percentage  of  increase  in  the 
remaining  counties.  Excluding  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, there  are  onlv  twelve  states  and  territories  without  a 
county  showing  a  decrease  in  population,  namely:  Rhode 
Island,  Delaware,  West  ^'irginia.  South  Carolina.  Min- 
nesota, North  Dakota,  Indian  Territory.  Oklahoma. 
Montana,  Wyoming,  Arizona,  and  Utah.  Theri^  are  six 
states  and  territoi'ies  having  l>ut  one  county  with  a 
decrease — Connecticut,  Wisconsin,  Iowa,  New  Mexico, 
Idaho,  and  Oregon. 

The  lartfest  areas  of  blue,  indicating  a  decrease  in 
population,  are  found  in  Kansas.  Nebraska,  and  South 
Dakota.  The  most  extensive  areas  of  shade  iv.  show- 
ing an  increase  in  i)opulation  of  5(*  per  cent  or  over,  arc 
noted  in  Wisct)nsin,  ^Minnesota.  North  Dakota,  ^Montana, 
Washington,  Oklahoma.  Indian  Territory,  and  Texas. 
There  are  a  nundier  of  single  counties  in  this  class 
scattered  through  the  other  states.  The  map  shows, 
in  general,  that  those  counties  having  the  highest  per- 
centage of  increase  are  found  in  the  Northwest.  South- 
west, and  Gulf  states. 

ITrBAX    Poi'ULATHON. 

The  Census  generally  regards  as  the  urban  element 
that  portion  of  the  population  living  in  cities  of  8,000 
iidiat)itants  or  more.  In  ll'M)  this  element  forme<l  oidy 
3.3  per  cent  of  the  population,  but  in  i'JOO  it  constituted 
33.1  per  cent,  or  nearly  one-third  of  the  entire  popula- 
tion (excluding  Alaska,  Hawaii.  Indian  Tei-ritory,  In- 
dian resei'vations,  and  persons  in  the  military  and  naval 
service  of  the  United  States  stationed  abroad).  Dia- 
gram 1,  Plate  17,  represents  the  aggregate  population 
from  1790  to  1900  by  the  total  length  of  the  bars  and 


the  urban  element  by  the  shaded  ])ortion,  showing  that, 
while  the  aggregate  population  has  increased  rapidly 
from  census  to  ceasus,  the  urban  element  has  increased 
proportionately  much  faster  than  the  aggregate  popu- 
lation. The  following  table,  and  diagram  3,  Plate  17. 
show  the  percentage  of  urban  to  total  population  at 
each  census: 

.  I'rlidn population.' 


Total 
population. 


19110  . 
1S90  . 
1880. 
1870. 
1860. 

law . 

1840. 
1830. 
1820. 
ISIO  . 
1800. 
1790  . 


Urban 
population.' 


Peroent- 

! 

ageof 

Number  > 

urban  to 

of 

totiil  pop- 

places.- 

ulation. 

33.1 

545 

29.2 

447 

22.6 

286 

20.9 

226 

16.1 

141 

12.5 

8ft 

8.5 

44 

6.7 

26 

4.9 

13 

4.9 

11 

4.0 

6 

3.3 

6 

111  num- 
ber of 
places. 


161 

60 

85 

56 

41 

18 

13 

■     2 

5 

0 


1  Figures  t.iken  from  Twelfth  Census.  Vol.  I.  table  xxix,  page  Ixxxiii. 
-  Places  having  8,000  inhabitants  or  more. 

3  Excludes  -Alaska,  Hawaii,  Indian  Territory.  Indian  reservations,  and  persons 
in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  .States  stationed  abroad. 

The  greatest  increase  in  the  urban  element  is  noted 
for  the  decade  from  1880  to  1890,  the  number  of  cities 
having  a  population  over  8,000  having  increased  during 
the  decade  from  286  to  447,  an  increase  of  Itil,  or  50.3 
per  cent. 

Plate  20  shows  the  proportion  of  urlian  to  total  jiopu- 
lation  at  each  census,  by  states  and  territories,  excluding 
the  District  of  Columbia,  which  is  practically  a  city, 
and  those  states  and  territories  having  urban  jjopulation 
for  less  than  three  decades.  The  growth  of  urban 
population  in  the  state  of  Rhode  Island  since  1810  has 
been  amazing,  having  increased  from  13.1  to  81.2  per 
cent,  showing  that  in  this  state  in  1900,  8  persons  out 
of  every  10  resided  in  cities  and  towns  of  over  8,000 
inhabitants.  The  increase  of  urban  population  in  Mas- 
sachusetts has  also  been  remarkable;  in  1790  about  5 
per  cent  of  its  population  were  found  in  cities  of  8,000 
inhabitants  and  upward,  while  in  1900  the  urban  element 
was  76.0  per  cent,  an  increase  during  the  one  hundred 
and  ten  years  of  nearly  71  per  cent.  At  the  Twelfth 
Census  the  urban  element  in  New  York  formed  68.5 
per  cent  of  its  population,  in  New  Jersey  61.2  per  cent, 
and  in  Connecticut  53.2  per  cent,  these  being  the  only 
states  in  which  mon*  than  half  of  the  population  resided 
in  cities  of  8,000  inhabitants  or  over. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  24,  represents,  by  the  length  of  the 
bars,  the  total  population,  and  the  black  portion,  the 
urban  in  each  state  and  territory  in  19no.  New  York. 
Pennsylvania,  and  Illinois  had  a  greater  urban  popu- 
lation than  Ma.-^.-^achu.setts.  although  the  j)roporti(m  to 
total  population  was  not  as  large.  Cartogram  2,  Plate 
27.  also  shows  graphicidly.  by  shades  of  color,  the  pro- 
portion of  urban  to  total  popuhition  in  1900  in  each  state 
and  territory. 


POPULATION. 


41 


Plate  22.  similar  to  Plate  21,  represents  the  rank  of 
the  most  populous  cities  at  each  census  and  marks  their 
change  in  rank  according'  to  population  from  census  to 
census.  In  179<»  only  thirteen  places  were  large  enough 
to  be  shown,  but  the  growth  in  population  of  our  cities 
has  been  so  great  that,  after  1840,  it  is  impracticable  to 
indicate  more  than  the  tifty  principal  cities  at  each  cen- 
sus, consequently  many  of  the  cities  appearing  at  one 
census  are  not  represented  again.  While  few  of  these 
cities  have  experienced  an  actual  decrease  in  popula- 
tion, the\-  have  lost  their  positions,  owing  to  the  more 
rapid  growth  of  other  municipalities. 

The  most  populous  citj-  in  ITliU  was  New  York,  which 
has  held  first  position  in  every  decade.  Philadelphia 
was  second  from  171*0  until  1830.  when  it  was  displaced 
by  Baltimore,  but  iu  1860  again  reached  second  place 
and  held  this  position  until  ISl'O.  when  Chicago  advanced 
to  second  place,  since  whiih  time  Philadelphia  lias  held 
third  position.  Boston,  which  was  third  in  1790.  was 
fifth  in  190(1.  ha\-ing  been  passed  Vjy  Chicago  and  St. 
Louis.  Charleston,  fourth  in  1790  and  sixty -eighth  in 
order  of  size  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  does  not  appear  on 
the  diagram  after  1880.  Baltimore,  fifth  in  1790,  ad- 
vanced to  second  place,  in  1830,  and  held  this  position 
until  1860.  but  was  sixth  in  1900.  Northern  Liberties 
and  Southwark,  sixth  and  tenth  in  rank,  respectively, 
in  1790,  were  incorporated  with  Philadelphia  after  185M. 
Salem,  seventh  in  1790,  does  not  appear  after  1860. 
Newport,  eighth  in  1790,  does  not  appear  after  1830. 
Providence,  ninth  in  1790.  was  twentieth  in  rank  in 
1900.  Marblehead,  the  eleventh,  does  not  show  after 
1820.  The  changes  in  rank  of  the  cities  named  repre- 
sent, to  a  certain  extent,  the  wonderful  growth  of  our 
principal  cities  in  the  last  one  hundred  and  ten  years. 

Some  of  the  most  conspicuous  examples  of  rapid  ad- 
vance in  rank  of  population  noted  on  the  diagram  are 
Troy,  from  thirty-seventh  in  1820  to  nineteenth  in 
1830;  Lowell  from  forty-third  in  1830  to  eighteenth  in 
184<'.  St.  Louis  first  apjjeared  in  ls4ti  as  the  twenty- 
fourth  city;  Ln  ten  jears  it  had  grown  so  rapidly  that 
at  the  Seventh  Census  it  ranked  as  the  eighth  city.  and. 
maintaining  its  rapid  advance,  reached  fourth  place  in 
18T0. 4>at  wasxiisplaced  4n  ISbi  I  byChic^oand  Bf>>ton, 
Li  1890  it  had  again  passed  Boston  and  was  in  the  fifth 
place,  and  in  19o(;i.  by  the  di-opping  out  of  Brooklyn,  it 
again  ranked  as  the  fourth  city.  Brooklyn,  which  first 
appeared  in  1820,  rapidly  increased  in  popidation  until 
in  1860  it  ranked  as  the  third  city:  in  19iiu.  owing  to 
its  annexation  to  New  York  city,  it  had  disappeared. 
San  Francisco  and  Chicago  appeared  for  the  first  time 
in  1850.  ranking  twenty -fourth  and  twenty-fifth,  respec- 
tively. Chicago's  growth  was  so  rapid  that  in  1S60  it 
had  reached  the  ninth  place:  in  1870,  the  fifth;  in  1880, 
the  fourth:  and  in  1890  was  the  second  city,  which 
position  it  still  retained  in  1900.  San  Francisco  also 
advanced  rapidly  until  in  1900  it  ranked  as  the  ninth  city,   i 


In  ISoU  a  number  of  western  cities  appeared  for  the 
first  time,  among  them  Milwaukee  and  Cleveland,  botli 
of  which  have  grown  rapidly,  the  former  ranking  in  19<J<) 
as  the  fourteenth  city,  and  the  latter  as  the  seventh. 

From  1880  to  1890  Minneapolis.  St.  Paul,  and  Den- 
ver made  remarkable  advances  in  rank.  Seattle,  Port- 
land (Oregon).  Los  Angeles,  and  St.  Joseph  appear  in 
1900  for  the  first  time  among  the  fifty  most  populous 
cities. 

Plate  23  represents,  by  the  length  of  the  liars,  the  pop- 
ulation at  each  census  of  the  largest  cities  of  the  Lnited 
States  (those  having  at  the  Twelfth  Census  a  population 
of  more  than  10i',uuo).  arranged  in  order  of  their  size  in 
1900;  the  relative  size  and  tremendous  growth  of  New- 
York.  Chicago,  and  Philadelphia  as  compared  with  the 
other  cities  are  well  brought  out.  Diagram  3.  Plate  24, 
shows,  by  the  length  of  the  bars,  the  relative  size  of  the 
same  cities  in  1900. 

Plate  26  shows,  in  five  shades  of  brown,  the  proportion 
of  the  population  in  each  county  in  cities  and  towns  of 
more  than  2.<X»0  inhabitants  in  I'.tOn;  counties  without  a 
municipalit}'  of  this  size  are  colored  in  blue.  The  first, 
or  lightest  shade,  represents  counties  having  less  than  10 
per  cent  of  their  population  in  cities,  and  is  found  prin- 
cipally in  the  South  Atlantic  and  North  and  South  Cen- 
tral states;  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  classes  are 
most  numerous  in  the  New  England.  Middle,  and  North 
Central  states.  The  fifth  class.  75  per  cent  and  over, 
marks  the  counties  in  which  are  found  the  principal 
cities. 

Elements  of  the  Populatiox. 

Plate  4-J  represents,  by  a  series  of  circles,  the  total 
population  and  its  elements  at  each  census,  from  1790 
to  19ii((.  The  circles  represent  by  their  entire  area  the 
total  population  at  each  census,  and  the  sectors  into 
which  the\"  are  divided,  the  proportion  of  each  ele- 
ment. From  1790  to  184<J  the  only  elements  that  could 
be  shown  were  the  white  and  colored.  In  1850  and  1860 
the  foreign  white  were  added,  and  from  ls70  to  1900 
the  native  white  of  native  parents  and  native  white  of 
foreign  parents  were  added.  These  circles  show  very 
plainly  the  ti"emendous  increase  of  the  foreign  white 
element.  In  1850  this  element  is  first  represented  as 
nearly  two-thirds  the  size  of  the  colored:  in  1860  it 
was  nearly  equal  to  the  colored.  In  1870.  including  the 
native  white  of  foreign  parents  and  the  foreign  white, 
this  element  was  double  that  of  the  colored.  The  cir- 
cles for  1880  and  1890  also  show  the  great  increase  of 
the  foreign  element  In  19<Xi  the  native  white  of  for- 
eign parents  and  the  foreign  white  compose  34.0  per 
cent  of  the  total  population. 

The  three  squares  on  Plate  41  represent  the  total 
population  and  its  three  elements  in  1900.  The  first 
square  shows  the  proportion  of  the  native  white,  for- 
eign white,  and  colored,  by  sex.     The  nearly  equal 


42 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


division  of  the  sexes  in  the  native  white  and  coloi'ed 
elements,  and  the  excess  of  males  in  the  foi-eign  is 
clearly  Indicated.  The  second  square  shows  the  pro- 
portion of  the  native  white  and  colored  el(>ments  born  in 
the  states  in  which  they  were  enumerated  and  the  pro- 
portion born  in  other  states;  on  the  rectangle  for  the 
colored  is  also  indicated  the  proportion  born  in  foreign 
countries,  which  represents  principally'  the  Chinese  and 
Japanese.  The  rectangle  representing  the  foreign 
white  population  shows  the  pi'oportion  of  persons  from 
each  of  the  principal  foreign  countries.  The  third 
square  shows  the  proportion  of  each  element  living  in 
cities  of  2.">.0<H)  population  and  upward.  Nearly  one- 
fourth  of  the  native  white  and  al)out  half  the  foreign 
white  population  resided  in  cities  of  ii.'),0(i(>  or  more 
inhabitants.  The  proportion  of  colored  in  cities  of  this 
class  was  12. !•  per  cent,  or  about  one-eighth. 

Plate  43  represents  for  I'.tOO  the  constituents  of  pop- 
ulation of  each  state  and  territory  in  percentages  of  the 
total  population  (exclusive  of  persons  in  the  military 
and  naval  service  of  the  United  States  stationed  alu-oad 
not  credited  to  any  state  or  territory),  arranged  in  the 
order  of  the  percentage  of  native  white  of  native  par- 
ents. Undei'  this  arrangement.  West  Virginia  is  first, 
having  the  largest  percentage  of  native  white  of  native 
parents  in  lOOO,  and  North  Dakota  last,  with  the  small- 
est percentage.  Oklahoma,  Kentucky,  Indiana,  and 
New  Mexico  follow  West  Virginia,  eacli  having  over  7.5 
per  cent  of  their  total  poitulation  native  white  of  native 
parents.  The  diagram  also  shows  that  in  each  of 
twenty-nine  states  arid  tcri-itories  the  native  white  of 
native  parents  constituted  more  than  !'>()  per  cent  of  its 
total  population.  Owing  to  the  large  influx  of  foreign- 
ers, Khode  Island,  Connecticut,  and  Massachusetts  had 
relatively  small  percentages  of  native  white  of  native 
parents.  The  preponderance  of  the  negro  element  in 
the  South  is  very  clearly  indicated  by  the  lilack  portion 
of  the  bar,  the  largest  percentage  licing  found  in  South 
Carolina  and  Mississippi,  which  had  almost  equal  pro- 
portions of  native  white  of  native  parents.  In  North 
Carolina  the  native  white  of  foreign  parents  comprised 
only  O.-f  per  cent,  and  the  foreign  white,  0.2  per  cent 
of  the  population;  therefore,  the  proportions  were  too 
small  to  1)1'  indicated  on  the  diagram. 

Plate  44  is  made  to  show  the  constituents  of  the  pop- 
ulation of  cities  of  more  than  100,000  inhabitants  in 
r.tOO.  St.  Joseph  had  the  largest  percentage  of  native 
white  of  native  parents,  while  Columbus,  Indianapolis, 
Kansas  City  (Missouri),  Los  Angeles,  and  Denver  follow 
with  50  per  cent  or  more  of  their  population  of  this 
element. 

Plate  45  represents,  by  states  and  territories,  in  1900, 
the  constituents  of  the  total  male  ])opulation  of  militia 
age— that  is,  between  the  ages  of  18  and  44,  inclusive. 
West  Virginia  leads  with  the  greatest  percentage  of 
native  white  of  native  parents,  Oklahoma,  Indian  Tei-ri- 
tor}',  and  Kentucky  following.     I  lawaii  had  the  greatest 


proportion  of  Chinese  and  Japanese,  and  North  Da- 
kota, the  greatest  percentage  of  foreign  white  males  of 
militia  age. 

Plate  46  shows  the  constituents  of  the  total  male  pop- 
ulation of  voting  age  for  lltoo,  the  states  following  in 
almost  the  same  order  as  in  the  preceding  diagram, 
West  Virginia  having  the  greatest  proportion  of  native 
white  of  native  parents  and  Hawaii  the  smallest. 

Plate  47,  composition  of  the  total  population  of  states 
and  territories,  including  resident  natives,  native  im- 
migrants, and  foreign  born,  with  per  cent  of  native 
emigrants  in  1900,  shows  tirst,  the  percentage  of  per- 
sons living  in  the  state  who  were  born  thei'e;  second, 
the  percentage  of  persons  living  in  the  state  who  were 
born  in  other  states;  third,  the  percentage  of  persons 
living  in  the  state  who  were  of  foreign  birth,  these 
three  making  up  the  total  poiiulation.  South  Carolina 
had  the  largest  percentage  of  resident  natives  and 
Oklahoma  the  smallest,  while  Hawaii  had  the  greatest 
percentage  of  foreign  born.  The  percentages  of  the 
foreign  born  element  in  South  Carolina,  North  Caro- 
lina, Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Mississippi  were  too  small 
to  be  represented  on  the  diagram. 

lu  order  to  compare  the  number  of  persons  Ijorn  in 
each  state  who  have  emigrated  to  other  states  with  the 
population  of  the  state  in  190(1,  the  bars  colored  yellow 
were  added  on  the  right  side  of  the  diagram,  and  repre- 
sent graphically  the  proportion  which  persons  born  in 
the  state  but  living  in  other  states  bore  to  the  popula- 
tion of  the  state  in  19()().  Vermont  shows  the  largest 
propoition  of  persons  liorn  in  the  state  who  have  emi- 
grated to  other  states;  the  ])roportion  of  emigrants  from 
Nevada,  Virginia,  and  Maine  was  also  very  large. 

Plate  48  represents  the  state  of  birth  of  the  native 
population  in  19(i(),  by  states  and  territories  arranged 
in  geographical  order,  and  shows  the  percentage  of  the 
native  population  of  each  state  who  were  born  in  that 
state  and  the  percentage  who  were  l)orn  in  the  states 
indicated  by  the  small  figures  in  each  bar.  North 
Carolina  and  South  Carolina  had  the  largest  propor- 
tion of  residents  who  were  born  in  the  state,  while 
Oklahoma  had  the  smallest.  It  will  also  be  noted  that 
in  all  the  states  and  teri'itories,  except  ten.  more  than 
50  per  cent  of  the  native  population  were  born  in  the 
state  or  territory  specified. 

Negro  Population. 

The  movement  of  the  negroes,  as  indicated  bj-  the 
location  of  the  center  of  this  population  and  its  median 
point  for  three  censuses,  1880.  1890,  and  1900.  is  shown 
on  the  sketch  map,  Plate  52.  The  method  of  obtaining 
the  location  of  this  center  and  the  median  point  was 
exactly  the  same  as  used  for  ascertaining  the  loi'ation  of 
the  center  of  total  popidation,  as  described  on  page  37. 

In  1880  the  center  of  negro  population  was  located 
in  Walker  county,  Georgia,  latitude  34^  42'  14"  north, 
longitude  85-'  0'  5()"  west.      Fi'om  this    point,    in    ten 


POPULATION. 


43 


years,  it  moved  to  latitude  34°  36'  18"  north,  longitude 
8.5'  26'  iit"  west,  a  point  in  the  same  county,  but  22i 
miles  southwest.  In  1900  it  had  moved  across  the  state 
line  into  Dekalb  county.  Alabama,  a  southwestern 
movement  of  11  miles.  The  total  western  movement  of 
the  center  from  1880  to  1900  was  27  miles,  and  its 
Sf)uthern  movement  14  miles,  showing  that  the  trend 
of  the  negro  population  is  toward  the  South  and  West, 
althoujrh  the  number  of  negroes  in  the  Northern  states 
has  increased.  The  median  point  at  the  three  censuses 
was  located  east  and  south  of  the  center  of  this  element 
of  population,  and  its  movement  may  be  said  to  have 
been  nearly  the  same  both  in  distance  and  direction. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  53.  represents,  by  the  length  of  the 
bars,  the  negro  population  in  each  state  and  territory 
having  over  l,Oi)0  negroes  in  IJtiH).  Georgia  leading  with 
1. ••34,813,  Mississippi  second,  Alabama  third.  South 
Carolina  fourth,  Virginia,  Louisiana,  North  Carolina, 
and  Texas  following  in  order,  each  hu\ingover  oOO.OoO 
negroes.  The  small  number  of  negroes  in  the  Northern 
and  Western  states  is  clearly  indicated. 

Diagram  2.  Piute  53.  shows  for  1900.  })y  the  length  of 
the  bars,  the  percentage  of  children  under  1  year  of  age 
of  the  native  white  of  native  parentage,  and  of  the 
negroes. the  states  and  territories  being  arranged  in  the 
order  of  the  proportion  of  the  native  white  of  native 
parentage.  Utah  leads  with  the  highest  percentage  of 
the  white  element  under  1  year  of  age.  Wisconsin. 
Minnesota,  and  Idaho  following  in  order.  It  will  be 
noted  generally  that  the  Western  and  Southern  states 
had  much  larger  percentages  of  children  under  1  year  of 
age  than  the  New  England  states.  The  portion  of  the 
diagram  representing  the  negroes  under  1  year  of  age 
has  a  very  irregular  appearance  owing  to  the  small  pro- 
portion of  negro  children  in  the  Northern  and  Western 
states  as  compared  with  the  white.  It  will  ))e  noted 
that  those  states  showing  the  largest  percentages  of 
negro  children  under  1  year  of  age  are  in  the  South,  and 
in  states  in  which  the  negro  element  formed  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  population.  Hawaii,  showing  the  highest 
percentage,  can  not  be  accepted  as  representative,  as 
only  9  negro  children  under  1  year  of  age  were  returned 
by  the  enumerators,  and  the  entire  negro  population  was 
very  small.  The  diagram  is  also  of  interest  in  showing 
the  states  having  the  largest  proportion  of  white  chil- 
dren under  1  year,  which,  to  a  certain  extent,  indicates 
a  high  bii'th  rate.  This  is  also  true  of  the  negro  popula- 
tion, and  points  out  the  states  in  which  the  climatic 
conditions  are  most  favorable  to  this  race. 

Plate  54  represents  the  percentage  of  white  and  negro 
population  in  each  of  fifteen  states  at  the  censuses  for 
which  its  population  was  returned.  The  shaded  part 
represents  the  proportion  of  negro  population  and  the 
uncolored  portion  the  white.  South  Carolina  in  1880 
showed  the  highest  percentage  of  negroes,  then  60.  T  per 
cent  of  the  total.  In  1900  Mississippi  had  the  highest 
percentage,  58.5  per  cent.   South   Carolina  following 


very  closely  with  58.4  per  cent.  The  proportion  of 
negro  to  white  population,  as  represented  on  the  dia- 
gram, has  decreased  since  1890  in  N'irginia  and  West 
Virginia,  considered  as  one,  Delaware.  Maryland.  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina, 
Georgia,  Kentucky.  Tennessee,  Louisiana,  and  Texas, 
while  it  has  increased  in  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi, 
and  Arkansas. 

Plate  55  shows  by  counties,  in  six  degrees  of  density, 
the  distribution  of  the  negro  population  in  1900,  the 
heavy  shades  indicating  the  counties  in  which  the  great- 
est numbers  of  negroes  were  found.  The  South  Atlantic 
and  S(nith  Central  states  had  nearly  nine-tenths  of  the 
negro  population,  and.  therefore,  the  most  dense  settle- 
ments of  this  race  were  found  in  those  states,  especially 
South  Carolina.  Georgia,  and  Alabama.  The  counties 
adjoining  the  Mississippi  river  in  Tennessee.  Missis- 
sippi, and  Louisiana  also  show  a  dense  negro  population. 
Massachusetts.  Rhode  Island.  Connecticut,  New  York, 
Pennsylvania.  Missouri,  and  Kansas  had  considerable 
areas  of  negro  settlements. 

Cartogram  2.  Plate  72.  shows,  in  six  degrees  of  density, 
the  negro  population  in  19u0,  by  states  and  territories, 
the  state  being  used  as  the  unit.  This  map,  compared 
with  cartogram  1,  on  the  same  plate,  indicates  that  the 
negro  and  foreign  born  elements  generally  arc  found  in 
different  parts  of  the  United  States. 

Plate  50  brings  out.  in  six  shades  of  color,  the  propor- 
tion of  negro  to  total  population  in  1900  in  each  county, 
and  therefore  clearly  outlines  the  areas  in  each  state 
upon  which  the  negroes  are  most  thickly  settled.  The 
heavy  shades,  found  principally  in  Alabama.  Georgia, 
and  South  Carolina,  also  along  the  Mississippi  river 
in  Louisiana  and  ^lississippi.  indicate  those  counties 
in  which  the  negroes  formed  more  than  60  per  cent 
of  the  total  population.  The  lighter  shades  in  the 
Northern  states  show  the  relatively  small  proportion  of 
negro  population  in  the  colder  regions. 

Cartogram  4,  Plate  72,  shows  the  states  and  teiTi- 
tories  which  had  the  greatest  proportion  of  negro  to 
total  population  in  190it,  the  state  being  taken  as  the 
unit. 

Cartogram  6.  Plate  72.  shows  the  proportional  in- 
crease and  decrease  of  negro  to  white  population  from 
1890  to  1900,  by  states  and  territories,  and  brings  out 
the  fact  that  the  negro  population  increased  propor- 
tionately in  nineteen  stiites  and  territories,  only  four 
of  these  being  Southern  states — Arkansas,  Mississippi, 
Alabama,  and  Florida.  The  negroes  increased  propor- 
tionately in  most  of  the  New  England  and  Middle 
states,  and  a  few  of  the  North  Central  and  AVestern 
states. 

Migration. 

The  total  native  born  population  in  1900  was  65, 767,451 
(including  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  but  excluding  75.851  na- 
tive born  enumerated  at  militarv  and   naval  stations 


44 


8TA11ST1CAL  ATLAS. 


:il)i-c)ad).  Of  this  number  51,979,6r)l.  or  70. ••  per  cent, 
were  born  in  the  state  or  territory  in  whith  they  were 
found  by  the  census  enumerators.  Tlie  remaining 
13,787,800.  constituting-  21.0  per  cent  of  the  entire  natiye 
born  element,  had  emigrated  from  the  state  or  territory 
in  which  they  were  born  and  were  found  in  other  states 
and  fau'ritories.  The  proportion  liying  in  the  state  or 
t(U-ritory  of  ])irth  was  slightly  larger  in  19o0  than  it 
was  in  18i>0.  These  figures  show  to  some  extent  the 
roying  disposition  oi  the  nati\e  population,  altliougli  it 
is  not  a  tru(>  measure,  as  many  persons  enumerated  in 
states  other  tlian  those  in  whicli  tiiey  were  born  haye 
proliably  residt'd  in  more  than  one  state  since  Icaying 
their  natiye  states.  It  also  takes  no  account  of  persons 
who  haye  left  their  natiye  states  and  sul)sequently 
returned. 

Plate  19  is  a  yery  interesting  diagram,  as  it  shows,  by 
states  and  territories,  tlie  percentage  of  persons  liorn  in 
each  state  who  were  liying  in  other  states  and  territo- 
ries in  1900.  the  numbers  in  each  bar  corresponding 
with  the  numbers  preceding  the  names  of  the  states. 
For  instance,  in  Maine  that  ])ortion  of  the  bar  numljered 
4  represents  the  percentages  of  persons  born  in  Maine 
who  were  living  in  Massachusetts;  number  '2,  the  per- 
centage (»f  persons  born  in  ISIaine  who  were  liying  in 
New  Hampshire;  number  50,  tiie  percentage  of  persons 
wild  were  born  in  jNIaine.  but  were  liying  in  Califoinia; 
and  21,  the  percentage  of  persons  born  in  Maine  who 
were  liying  in  ^Minnesota.  Oyer  ."lO  per  centof  the  natiye 
emigration  of  New  Hampshire,  New  Mexico,  and 
Nevada  have  gone  to  an  adjoining  state — New  Hamp- 
shire to  Massachusetts,  New  Mexico  to  Colorado,  and 
Nevada  to  California — and  it  will  be  noted  geuerallj^ 
that  adjoining  states  receive  the  greatest  proportion  of 
native  emigrants. 

Plate  50  represents  the  net  results  of  interstate  migra- 
tion and  all  migration  in  lltOO,  by  states  and  territories, 
and  shows  clearly  their  magnitude. 

The  states  showing  the  greatest  loss  as  a  result  of 
interstate  migration  ai'e  New  York,  Ohio,  Virginia, 
and  Pennsylvania;  and  those  haying  the  greatest  gain 
through  interstate  migration  are  Texas,  Kansas,  Csdi- 
fornia,  and  Oklahoma.  The  states  showing  the  greatest 
loss  as  a  result  of  all  migration  are  Virginia,  Kentucky, 
Tennessee,  and  North  Carolina;  and  those  showing  the 
greatest  gain  as  the  result  of  all  migration  are  New 
York,  Massachusetts,  Illinois,  Texas,  and  California,  in 
the  order  given.  There  are,  in  fact,  thirtj'-two  states 
and  territories,  including  Utah  and  Nevada,  which 
gained  in  interstate  migration,  and  nineteen  states  that 
lost.  Thirty-seven  states  gained  and  fourteen  states, 
including  Delaware  and  Indiana,  lost  as  a  result  of  all 
migration,  while  there  .ire  also  fourteen  states  that 
show  a  loss  as  a  riisult  of  ))oth  int(>rstate  migration  and 
all  migration.  The  large  gain  as  a  result  f)f  all  migra- 
tion for  New  York,  Massachusetts,  and  Illinois  is  due 


to  the  large  number  of  foi-eigners  who  have  settled  in 
these  states. 

Massachusetts  shows  a  gain  and  Nt>w  York  a  loss 
through  interstate  migration,  but  l)oth  have  gained  as 
a  result  of  all  migration,  due  to  the  large  number  of 
foreign  immigrants.  Those  states  which  liave  appar- 
ently lost  through  all  migration  iiave,  nevertheless, 
increased  in  population  during  the  decade  from  1890  to 
litoo.  Cartogram  :-!,  Plate  7H,  representing  for  1900  the 
gain  or  loss  as  the  result  of  all  migi'ation.  indicates  that 
Elaine.  Vermont,  Delaware,  Maryland,  A'irginia,  North 
Carolina.  South  Carolina.  Georgia,  Alabama,  Missis- 
sippi, Tennessee,  Kentucky.  Indiana,  and  Ohio  have 
lost  in  population  as  the  result  of  all  migration. 

Plate  51  represents  interstate  migration  in  19<)ii.  in 
hiuidreds  of  thousands,  and  indicates  very  clearly  the 
states  which  have  lost  more  population  through  emigra- 
tion to  other  states  than  they  have  gained  through 
migration  from  other  states.  New  York  shows  a  loss 
of  1.289,80(1  through  emigration;  Ohio,  a  loss  of 
1,114,165;  and  Illinois,  1,012,637.  Illinois  has  been  the 
greatest  gainer  through  immigration,  having  received 
960,916  inunigrants  from  other  states.  Missouri  and 
Texas  have  each  gained  over  800,0(10  persons  as  a  result 
of  interstate  migration. 

Cartogram  5,  Plate  76.  shows  the  gain  or  loss  as  the 
result  of  interstate  migration  in  1900.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  Massachusetts,  Khod<'  Island.  Connecticut,  New 
Jersey,  AVest  Virginia,  Florida,  and  Michigan,  all  the 
states  east  of  the  Mississippi  river  have  lost,  while  all 
those  west  have  gained. 

Sex. 

Plate  29  is  a  very  interesting  and  instructive  map, 
showing  the  predominating  sex  in  each  county  at  the 
Twelfth  Census.  The  areas  colored  in  lilue  indicate 
where  the  females  outnumbered  the  males,  and  the 
shades  of  brown  the  percentage  of  excess  of  males  in 
accordance  with  the  grouping  in  the  legend.  The  areas 
showing  an  excess  of  females  are  found  principally  in 
tiie  North  and  South  Atlantic  divisions,  and  Alaliama 
and  Mississippi  <»f  the  South  Central  division,  Massa- 
chusetts and  the  District  of  Columbia  having  had  the 
largest  proportion  of  females.  The  heavj'  shades  of 
]>rown,  indicating  the  greatest  excess  of  males,  are 
found  principally  in  the  Western  states:  South  Dakota, 
Kansas,  Texas,  and  Utah.  how<ncr.  show  a  few  counties 
in  which  the  females  were  in  excess. 

Cartogram  1.  Plate  76,  represents  the  predominating 
sex,  I)_v  states  and  territories,  the  state  being  taken  as  the 
unit.  The  only  states  having  an  excess  of  females,  as 
indicated  by  the  l)lue  color,  were  New  Hampshire,  Mas- 
sachusetts. Rhode  Island.  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina. and 
(icorgia,  densely  populated  states  of  the  Atlantic  coast. 
'Hie  })roportion  of  excess  of  males  in  the  remainder  of 


POPULATTON. 


45 


the  states  and  territories  is  iiidioated  hy  the  differ- 
ent shades  of  brown,  IMontana,  Wyoniin<;\  and  Nex'ada 
showing'  th(h  greatest  (^xcess  of  males. 

Agk  and  Skx. 

The  series  of  diagrams,  Plates  30  to  ?>2,  represent  the 
distribution  of  the  population  of  continental  United 
States,  l)y  age  and  sex,  in  percentages  of  the  whole  num- 
ber of  each  element,  'i'lie  percentage  of  the  population 
in  each  age  period  is  represented  b}'  the  total  l(>ngth  of 
the  bar,  the  portion  on  the  left  of  the  hea\y  vertical 
line  representing  the  proportion  of  males  and  that  on 
the  right  the  proportion  of  females.  The  lower  bar 
represents  the  percentage  of  Ihc  jjopulation  under  5 
years  of  age,  and  those  for  (he  remaining  age  periods 
are  superimposed  in  the  order  indicated  by  tiie  figures 
on  the  left  of  the  diagram.  The  age  periods  are  the 
same  as  those  given  in  table  xxi,  page  xlix,  Twelfth 
Census,  Volume  IT. 

Plates  30  and  lU  are  a  series  of  small  diagrams  show- 
ing tiub  percentages  of  the  total  population  and  each 
of  its  elements  by  age  and  s(\x. 

The  first  thre(!  diagrams  represent  the  distribution  of 
the  total  population  in  1900,  1S!)0,  and  1880,  by  age 
and  sex.  The  lower  horizontal  l)ar,  indicating  the 
greatest  percentage,  is  for  children  less  than  5  years  of 
age,  the  age  groups  gradually  decreasing  in  size,  ex- 
cept in  the  group  for  20  to  24  years  in  1880.  For  1900 
and  1890  the  length  of  the  bars  is  almost  the  same, 
till-  only  differences  being  slight  decreases  in  1900  for 
each  age  period  below  25  years,  and  a  slight  increase 
for  25  years  and  upward.  Comparing  the  diagram  for 
1890  with  that  for  1880,  we  note  that  in  the  latter  the 
age  periods  below  15  years  are  nmch  larger  than  in  the 
former,  and,  by  comparison  with  1900,  a  much  larger 
decrease  in  these  age  periods  from  1880  to  1890  than 
from  1890  to  1900  will  be  noted.  In  1880  a  larger  per- 
centage is  showni  for  the  age  group  from  20  to  24 
years  than  from  15  to  19  years,  a  peculiarity  not  found 
in  189(1  or  l90i>,  as  the  iy:'rcentages  for  each  age  period 
decrease  as  the  age  advances.  The  excess  in  this  age 
group  is  due  principally  to  an  excess  in  the  colored 
population.  The  two  sexes  appear  to  be  nearly  eijiud  at 
each  decade,  although  the  males  slightly  exceed  the 
females  in  a  majority  of  age  groups.  In  1900  the  females 
were  in  excess  in  the  following  age  groups:  15  to  19, 
20  to  24.  75  to  79,  80  to  84,  and  85  to  89;  in  1890,  15 
to  19,  and  80  to  84;  in  1880,  15  to  19,  75  to  79,  and  SO 
to  84  years.  Age  groups  above  89  are  not  considered 
for  1900,  while  those  above  84  arc  not  shown  for  1890 
and  1880. 

The  three  diagrams  representing  by  st-x  the  percentage 
of  the  white  population  in  each  age  group  for  190u, 
1890,  and  1880  show  slight  variations  from  the  diagrams 
of  the  total  population.  The  age  groups  l)elow  25  have 
smallei'  percentages  and  thost'  above  24  larger  percent- 
ages in  most  cases,  due  to  the  large  proiwrtion  of  adults 


among  the  foreign  white  element.  For  1880  the  pei"- 
centage  for  the  age  group  from  20  to  24  years  is  not 
larger  than  that  for  15  to  19  3'ears,  as  in  the  aggregate 
population.  The  females  exceed  the  males  in  the  age 
groups  from  15  to  19  and  SO  to  84  years  for  each  of  the 
three  censuses;  in  the  groups  from  20  to  24  for  1900; 
85  to  89  for  1900  and  1890;  and  75  to  79  for  1880.  Age 
groups  above  89  arc  not  shown  for  1900  and  1890,  nor 
above  84  for  1880. 

The  three  diagrams  representing  the  age  and  sex  of 
the  colored  population  show  marked  differences,  as, 
comparing  the  two  for  1880  and  I89(i,  it  will  be  noted 
that  a  great  decrease  is  indicated  in  the  percentage  of 
children  less  than  5  j'ears  of  age,  both  male  and  female. 
In  1900  the  percentages  of  colored  children  less  than  5 
years  of  age  and  from  5  to  9  j-cars  were  very  nearly 
the  same,  the  former  being  only  0.1  per  cent  larger, 
while  in  the  other  age  periods  the  decrease  was  gen- 
erall}'  more  rapid  than  for  the  white  element,  indicating 
that  the  proportion  of  colored  children  was  larger,  due 
to  th(>.  gr(>,!iter  birth  rate  and  death  rate  of  the  colored 
population.  For  1890  the  percentage  of  colored  chil- 
dren from  5  to  9  years  of  ago  was  greater  than  below  5 
years,  and  would  argue  that  there  were  fewer  children 
under  5  years  of  age  than  in  the  next  group.  5  to  9 
years.  This  irregularity  is  due  to  a  slightlv  deficient 
enumeration  in  189(),  especially  in  regard  to  colored 
children  under  5  j'ears  of  age.  The  diagram  for  1880 
shows  a  greater  percentage  of  colored  males  and  females 

I  in  the  age  group  from  20  to  24  years  than  in  the  next 
lower  group,  from  15  to  19  years,  and,  as  the  diagram 
for  the  white  population  does  not  show  an  excess  in  the 
group  from  20  to  24,  this  peculiarity  in  the  colored 
element  caused  the  same  characteristic  to  appear  in  the 
same  age  group  in  the  pyramid  representing  the  aggre- 
gate population.  The  males  outnumbered  the  females 
in  a  majority  of  the  age  groups  for  both  1900  and  1890, 
but  for  1880  they  were  nearlj-  equal.  Age  groups 
above  84  do  not  appear  in  these  diagrams.  In  1900  the 
females  were  in  excess  in  each  group  below  30,  with 
the  exception  of  10  to  14;  they  were  also  in  excess  in 
the  age  group  from  80  to  84  years.  In  1890  there  were 
more  females  than  males  in  the  age  groups  from  15  to 
24,  40  to  44,  and  SO  to  84;  they  were  also  in  excess  in 
the  following  groups  in  1880:  15  to  24,  35  to  44,  and  70 
to  84. 

The  first  tiu'ce  diagrams  on  Plate  31  represent  age 

I  and  sex  in  percentages  of  the  native  white  for  1900, 
1890,  and  1880,  and  show  a  regular  decrease  in  the  age 
groups  below  25  j-ears  from  census  to  census  with  the 
exception  of  the  age  group  15  to  19  j'ears,  in  1890,  and 
slight  increases  in  the  age  groups  from  25  to  69  years, 
with  thi>  exception  that  the  age  group  from  30  to  34 
3'ears  shows  a  decrease  in  percentage  from  1890  to 
1900.  The  age  groups  from  70  to  84  show  slight  in- 
creases from  ISSO  to  1890,  and  decreases  from  1890  to 
1900.     The  age  periods  in  which  the  percentage  of  males 


AG 


STATISTKIAL  ATLAS. 


excecdi'd  tliat of  thi>  t'ein:ile.s  wore  ))y  fai'  in  tlic  majority, 
thd.so  above  S4  years  not  beiny  shown.  The  percentage 
of  females  was  the  laryei'  in  the  ai;e  groups  from  15  to 
19,  and  75  to  84,  at  ea<-h  of  the  three  eensuses;  also  '20 
to  24  in  1900,  and  85  to  44  in  l>s>so. 

The  diagrams  representing  the  foreign  white  popu- 
lation for  1900,  1,S90,  and  issO  show  .plainly  that  the 
majority  of  immigrants  who  come  to  this  country  are 
between  "JO  and  50  years  of  age,  and  that  a  very  small 
proportion  are  less  tlian  15  years  of  age.  The  males 
were  largely  in  excess  of  the  females  in  almost  every 
age  period  al)ovc  24,  but  in  the  periods  below  25,  the 
sexes  were  nearly  equal.  The  percentage  of  females 
was  gi'eater  than  that  of  males  at  each  census  in  age 
groups  15  to  19,  and  85  to  89;  in  1900,  age  group  2o  to 
24;  and  in  1890  and  1880,  in  age  group  80  to  84.  Ages 
above  89  are  not  shown. 

The  two  diagrams  representing  the  age  and  sex  of 
the  native  white  of  native  parents  in  19oo  and  1890  are 
the  most  symmetrical,  showing  a  gradual  and  nearly 
uniform  decrease  in  percentage  for  each  age  group, 
starting  with  the  lowest,  and  may  be  considered  the 
normal  distrilnition  of  age  and  sex.  The  proportion  of 
males  was  greater  than  that  of  females  in  nearly  every 
group,  the  onlj'  exceptions  being  the  age  groups  from 
75  to  89  in  both  decades  shown,  and  15  to  19  in  1890. 
Ages  above  89  do  not  appear. 

The  single  diagram  representing  the  age  and  sex  of 
Indians  in  1900  shows  that  the  two  sexes  were  nearly 
ecpial,  but  the  proportion  of  children  in  the  lower  age 
periods  was  larger  than  for  the  native  white  of  native 
parents,  and  nearly  as  large  as  the  colored.  The  fe- 
males were  in  excess  in  all  age  periods  above  54,  the 
age  periods  above  89  not  appearing  in  the  diagram. 

The  first  two  diagrams  on  Plate  ;->2  show  the  propor- 
tion of  males  and  females  iu  each  age  period  in  1900 
and  1890,  for  the  native  white  of  foreign  parents.  This 
element  shows  at  both  decades  a  large  percentage  of 
children  l)elow  15  years  of  age  and  a  very  rapid  de- 
crease in  the  percentage  of  the  age  groups  above  24 
j'ears,  due  to  the  fact  that  46.2  per  cent  of  the  foreign 
born  have  come  to  this  country  since  1870.  A  decrease 
from  1890  to  1900  will  be  noted  in  the  pei'centage  of 
the  age  groups  below  25  years  and  an  increase  in  per- 
centage in  all  those  above  24  years.  In  this  element 
of  the  population  the  males  were  in  excess  in  nearly 
every  group,  the  only  age  periods  in  which  the  females 
were  in  excess  being  15  to  29  in  both  1900  and  1890. 
Age  periods  above  74  are  not  shown  for  1900,  nor 
above  79  for  1890. 

The  diagram  for  negroes  for  1900  lirings  out  the  fact 
that  the  sexes  were  very  nearly  e([iially  distributed  at' 
all  age  periods,  and  is  peculiar  in  that  the  percentage 
of  children  under  5  years  of  age  is  almost  the  same  as 
from  5  to  9  j'ears.  The  proportion  of  children  below 
15  years  of  age  is,  however,  larger  than  for  the  native 


white  of  native  parents.  Th(^  females  were  in  excess 
in  a  majority  of  age  periods,  under  5,  5  to  9,  15  to  44, 
and  80  to  89  years.  Age  periods  above  89  do  not  appear 
on  the  diagram. 

The  groui)  of  <liagranis  on  Plates  .33  and  34  show  the 
distribution  of  the  aggregate  population  of  each  state 
and  territory  by  age  and  se.x  groups  in  I'.too.  The 
percentages  in  tlie  age  groups  from  90  to  100.  and  above 
100  were  so  small  as  to  be  of  little  importance  and  were 
omitted  on  these  diagrams.  The  states  are  arranged 
in  alj)habetical  order  and  the  marked  ditl'eiences  in  the 
proportion  of  the  sexes  for  each  age  group  in  ditferent 
sections  of  the  United  States  are  very  strikingly  shown 
where  states  or  territories  widely  separated  geographic- 
ally are  l)rouglit  together. 

The  first  two,  Alabama  and  Alaska,  present  a  mo.st 
startling  contrast,  Alabama  being  what  might  be  con- 
sidered an  average  state,  the  population  having  been 
nearly  equallj'  divided  Ijetween  the  sexes  and  the  age 
groups  gradually  decreasing,  while  Alaska  shows  a  large 
excess  of  males  over  females  in  each  age  group  and 
that  its  population  was  largely  made  wp  of  adults — in 
groups  from  20  to  50  years  of  age.  Arizona  also  had  a 
preponderance  of  males  in  all  the  age  periods,  and  the 
proportion  of  children  was  much  larger  than  in  Alaska. 

Alabama  and  Arkansas  may  be  considered  as  typical 
Southern  states,  while  Connecticut  and  ^Massachusetts 
may  be  considered  as  types  of  the  New  England  states. 

A  comparison  of  the  diagrams  for  states  of  the  North 
Atlantic  division  with  those  of  the  South  Atlantic  and 
South  Central  divisions  shows  that  the  females  were 
slightly  in  excess  in  the  North  Atlantic  and  South  At- 
lantic divisions,  and  the  males  in  the  South  Central 
division,  while  in  the  North  Atlantic,  and  especially  in 
the  New  England  states,  the  small  pro})ortion  of  children 
and  comparatively  large  proportion  of  adults  is  indicated 
by  the  shortness  of  the  lower  liar  and  the  slight  de- 
crease at  each  ago  period.  The  large  proportion  of 
per.sons  of  advanced  age  is  especially  noticeable. 

The  diagrams  for  the  South  Atlantic  and  South  Cen- 
tral divisions  present  a  large  proportion  of  children  and 
fewer  per.sons  in  the  mature  age  periods.  The  length 
of  the  bar  for  the  group  from  20  to  30  years  of  age, 
especially  noticeable  in  the  states  of  the  North  Atlantic 
division  and  tlie  District  of  Columbia,  is  due  in  the 
former  pi-incipally  to  foreign  immigration  and  in  the 
latter  to  the  large  numl)er  of  negro  females. 

The  North  Central  division  shows  a  larger  proportion 
of  children  and  a  smaller  percentage  of  adults  than  the 
North  Atlantic  states,  the  western  portion  of  this  divi- 
sion showing  an  excess  of  males  iu  the  adult  groups. 

The  diagrams  for  the  Western  division  ri^present  great 
variations  in  age  and  s(»x  conditions.  New  Mexico 
and  Utah  had  about  the  same  proportions  of  children 
and  adults  as  the  South  Atlantic  states — the  sexes  in 
Utah  being  nearly  ecjual,  but  in  New  Mexico  the  males 


POPULATION. 


47 


bciiiif  slightly  in  excess.  The  rciuaiiiiiiy  states  and  terri- 
tories in  this  division  siiow  an  excess  of  males  and  a 
large  y)ro})orti()n  of  the  j)oj)ulation  in  the  adult  gi'oups. 
due  to  iininigrution  l)oth  foreign  and  interstate. 

The  diagram  repn>senting  Hawaii  indicates  an  ahnor- 
nial  ijcreentage  of  males  from  :iO  to  40  years  of  age,  due 
to  tlie  large  numlx'r  of  Japanes(>  and  ('iiinesc  laborers. 

'l'lu>  diagrams  on  Plates  35  and  'Mi  show  the  percent- 
age of  the  nativ(>  white  population,  hy  age  and  sex.  in 
each  state  and  territory  at  the  Twelfth  Census.  The 
diagrams  representing  Maine,  New  Htimpshire,  and 
Vermont  are  narrow  and  regular,  the  sexes  nearly 
e(|ually  divided,  the  proportion  of  childrcMi  l)eing  small 
and  of  the  advanced  ages  ratiicr  large.  The  diagrams 
for  the  remaining  states  of  the  North  Atlantic  divi- 
sion have  broader  bases,  indicating  a  larger  proportion 
of  children,  the  sexes  being  about  e([ual. 

The  District  of  ('o]uml)ia  shows  a  very  small  pro- 
portion of  children  and  a  large  proportion  of  adults, 
especially  in  the  group  from  20  to  30  years  of  age,  the 
males  being  in  excess  in  a  few  of  the  groups. 

The  states  of  the  South  Atlantic  division  show  slight 
variations  from  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylva- 
nia, the  sexes  lieing  eciually  divided,  and  tlie  proportion 
of  children  about  tiic  sanu'. 

In  the  North  Central  division,  the  diagrams  for  Ohio, 
Indiana.  Illinois.  Michigan,  Iowa,  Kansas,  and  Missouri 
arc  similar  to  New  York  and  I'ennsylvania. 

For  the  Northwestern  group,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and  Nebraska,  the  males 
were  in  excess  and  the  diagrams  show  extri'Uicly  broad 
bases  and  small  tops,  due  to  the  large  number  of  native 
children  of  foreign  parents.  North  Dakota  especially 
having  an  unusually  large  proportion  of  children  in 
the  lowest  age  group. 

The  diagrams  for  the  South  Central  division  are  simi- 
lar to  those  of  Illinois  and  Iowa,  except  that  the  propor- 
tion of  males  and  of  children  was  a  little  larger  for  the 
western  South  Central  states. 

In  the  Western  division  the  stiite  diagrams  show 
wide  differences,  Utah  having  a  large  proportion  of 
children  with  an  almost  equal  division  of  the  sexes. 
Montana  and  Wyoming  are  very  much  alike,  indicating 
a  prepondei'ance  of  adult  males  in  the  groups  from  20 
to  1:0  years  of  age,  Idaho  and  Washington  are  much 
the  same,  each  showing  a  fair  proportion  of  childi'en, 
with  the  male  adults  in  excess.  The  diagrams  for  Cali- 
fornia, Colorado,  and  Oregon  are  similar  to  that  of  Con- 
necticut, with  the  exception  that  the  males  are  slightly 
in  excess.  Hawaii  is  verj'  much  like  Indian  Territory, 
both  showing  a  large  proportion  of  c  hildren  under  5 
years  of  age.  Alaska,  as  represented  in  these  diagrams. 
has  a  very  irregular  and  lopsided  appearance,  the  males 
from  20  to  50  years  of  age  forming  the  largest  propor- 
tion of  the  element. 

It  will  lie  noted  in  this  series  of  diagrams  that  in  everj' 


state  and  territory,  except  Alaska  and  the;  District  of 
Columl)ia.  the  bar  for  the  age  group  from  o  to  10  is  the 
longest. 

The  diagrams  on  Plates  37  and  38,  representing  for 
1900  the  foreign  white  population,  by  age  and  sex,  are  so 
entirely  diffei-ent  from  thi;  others  that  at  first  thev  seem 

i  meaningh'ss.  The  most  prominent  feature  is  the  small 
proportion  of  children  under  10  A'ears  of  age.  The 
largest  proportion  of  this  element  is  generally  found 
in  the  grou})  fi'om  30  to  40  years  of  age.  The  foreign 
white  males  outnumbered  the  females  in  all  the  states 
except  Massachusetts  and  Khode  Island,  the  diagrams 
for  Alaska,  ilontana,  and  Wj'oining,  showing  a  vex'y 
large  proj)ortion  of  foreign  white  males. 

The  diagrams  on  Plates  39  and  40  represent  the  negro 
population,  by  age  and  sex.  at  the  Twelfth  Census  and 
l)resent  a  very  irregular  and  unsymmctrical  appearance, 
excei)t  in  the  Southern  states,  where  the  negroes  formed 
a  large  proportion  of  the  population.  The  diagi'ams  for 
these  states  are  .symmetric'al.  the  projioi-tion  of  children 

,   large,  and  the  sexes  equally  divided. 

In  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New 
Y^ork,  New  Jerse\',  Penns\'lvania,  and  the  District  of 
Columbia  the  propoi'tion  of  children  was  very  small; 
the  largest  proportion  of  negroes  was  found  in  the  age 
group  from  20  to  30  years,  the  females  greatly  exceed- 
ing the  males  in  this  ag(^  period. 

In  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  Iowa  the  proi)ortion 

I  of  negro  children  was  nearh-  the  same  as  for  the  North 
Atlantic  states,  but  the  excess  in  the  age  group  from 
20  to  30  years  is  not  so  marked. 

In  the  Western  states  a  large  proportion  of  the 
negro  population  was  between  the  ages  of  2o  and  40,  and 
the  adult  malt>s  were  greatly  in  excess. 

I  In  the  other  states  the  negro  ])opulation  was  very  small; 
the  diagrams  are  irregular,  and  of  value  only  in  show- 
ing the  proportion  of  adults  and  the  excess  of  males. 

i  Nativity  ok  the  Foreign  Born. 

i 

Plate  57  represents,  by  the  areas  of  the  circles,  the 
I  number  of  foreign  born  at  each  census  from  1850  to 
i  1900,  exclusive  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  and  by  the  sectors 
the  proportion  of  each  of  th(>  princij)al  nationalities. 
In  1850  the  Irish  were  the  most  numerous  and  formed 
i  nearly  half  of  the  foreign  born;  then  followed,  in  order, 
tiie  (iermans,  British.  Canadians,  and  Scandina\ians. 
In  I860  the  Irish  still  formed  the  largest  proportion  of 
the  foreign  born,  followed  by  the  Germans,  British, 
Canadians,  and  Scandinavians,  the  proportion  of  the 
Scandinavians  having  more  than  doubled.  In  1870  the 
proportion  of  the  Irish,  Germans,  and  British  had 
decreased,  while  that  of  the  Canadians  and  Scandina- 
vians had  increased.  In  1880  the  Irish  and  British 
elements  showed  further  proportional  decrea.ses  and  the 
Germans  took  the  leading  position.  The  proportion  of 
Canadians  and  Scandinavians  increased,  and  the  Slavs 


48 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


appeared  for  the  tirst  time  with  a  fair-sized  .sector.  In 
1890  the  proportion.s  of  Irish,  British,  and  Canadians 
had  decreased,  whih'  the  (termans,  Scan(lina\ians,  and 
Slavs  increa.sed;  the  Italians  then  appeared  for  the  first 
time  as  one  of  the  principal  elements.  In  I'.tOO  the 
Germans  still  formed  the  largest  proportion  of  the  foi"- 
eig'n  element,  although  the  proportions  of  Irish,  Ger-. 
mans,  and  British  had  decreased,  while  the  Canadians, 
Scandinavians,  Shivs,  and  Italians  had  increased,  the 
last  two  having  more  than  doubled  in  number  during 
the  decade.  The  Chinese,  according  to  the  census  re- 
turns, increased  from  1860  to  ls9(>.  and  decreased  from 
lSlt(,)  to  11*00. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  r)S,  shows  the  foreign  born  and  the 
number  of  each  leading  nationality,  excluding  Alaska 
and  Hawaii,  at  each  census  from  1850  to  I'JOO.  Plate 
69  also  represents  the  foreign  born,  excluding  Alaska 
and  Hawaii,  of  each  leading  nationality  at  each  census 
specitied.  The  rapid  increase  of  the  total  foreign  ele- 
ment and  the  increase  and  decrease  in  each  nationality 
can  be  measured  liy  the  length  of  tlie  bars.  The  Ger- 
mans increased  until  1900,  at  which  date  the}'  showed 
a  decrease;  the  Irish  increased  in  each  decade  except 
from  1880  to  l90(i;  the  rapid  increase  of  the  Scandina- 
vians, Italians,  and  Slavs  is  well  brought  out,  as  well 
as  the  decrease  of  the  Chinese,  from  ls90  to  190(). 

Diagram  '2.  Plate  58,  represents  the  proportion  which 
each  of  the  principal  nationalities  bears  to  the  foreign 
born,  excluding  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  at  each  census,  1850 
to  1900,  and  shows  graphically  their  increase  and  de- 
crease. In  1S50  the  Irisli  were  the  principal  element  of 
the  foreign  l)orn,  since  which  time  the  proportion  has 
gradually  decreased  until  in  11*00  they  formed  15.6  per 
oentof  the  foreign  l)orn,  as  compared  with  42.8  })er  cent 
in  1850.  In  1860  the  Germans  formed  a  larger  percent- 
age of  the  foreign  element  than  thev  liave  at  any  other 
decade.  The  natives  of  Canada  and  Newfoundland  iiave 
greatl}'  increased,  and  in  19O0  formed  11. -t  per  cent 
of  the  foreign  born,  as  compared  with  ii.G  per  cent  in 
1850.  The  proportion  of  British,  16.8  per  cent,  has 
gradually  decreased  since  185<i,  and  in  1900  they  formed 
only  11.;!  per  cent  of  the  foreign  born.  The  proportion 
of  Scandinavians  has  increased,  as  has  thatof  the  Italians, 
Russians,  Poles,  Bohemians,  Austrians,  and  Hunga- 
rians. The  actual  increase  is  more  clearly  shown  on 
Plate  59. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  6(i,  shows,  by  the  length  of  the 
bars,  the  total  number  of  foreign  liorn  in  each  state 
and  territory.  New  York,  th(^  leading  state  in  this  ele- 
ment, had  nearly  twice  as  many  foreigners  as  Penn- 
sylvania, the  next  state  in  order.  The  four  states.  New 
York,  Pennsyhania,  IlliTiois,  and  Massachusetts,  con- 
tained 45.4  per  cent  of  the  total  foreign  born  popula- 
tion of  continental  United  States,  while  ISlichigan, Wis- 
consin, and  Minnesota  had  15.1  per  cent.  th(^  seven 
states  comprising  <l(».t>  pei-  cent,  or  three-fifths  of  the 


total  foreign  born,  each  of  these  states  having  had  over 
500,000  persons  of  foreign  birth. 

The  d(>ul)le-page  map,  Plate  61,  represents,  bj^  coun- 
ties, the  distriliution  of  the  foreign  born  element  at  the 
Twelfth  Census,  and  indicates  that  nearly  nine-tenths  of 
the  foreign  born  element  has  settled  north  of  the  thirtv- 
ninth  parallel  of  latitude,  a  very  small  proportion  of 
this  element  being  found  in  the  Southern  states. 

Comparing  the  two  maps,  Plates  55  and  61,  density 
of  negroes  and  density  of  foreign  born  pojjulation  in 
1900,  brings  out  the  fact  that  the  foreign  element  does 
not  settle  in  the  regions  having  a  largi^  proportion  of 
negroes. 

Cartograiii  1,  Plate  72,  shows  the  density  of  the  for- 
eign ])orn  in  each  state  and  territory  in  11*00,  the  heavy 
shading  of  Rhode  Island,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey, 
Connecticut,  and  New  York  indicating  the  large  number 
of  foreign  born  in  these  states. 

Plate  62  shows  the  proportion  which  the  foreign 
born  bear  to  the  total  population  of  the  United  States, 
and,  while  in  certain  respects  it  is  similar  to  the  density 
map.  it  l)rings  out  more  clearly  the  counties  and  states 
in  which  the  foreign  l)orn  element  formed  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  population  at  the  Twelfth  Census.  The 
heaviest  shade  in  the  states  of  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
North  and  South  Dakota,  and  Michigan,  and  the  coun- 
ties along  the  Rio  Grande  in  Texas  indicates  the  large 
proportion  of  fcn'cign  Ijorn.  N\)rthern  Illinois,  Iowa, 
Nebraska,  Montana,  Washington,  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  and  Connecticut  also  show  a  large  proportion  of 
this  ehnuent. 

Cartogram  8,  Plate  72,  represents  the  proportion  of 
foreign  born  to  total  jiopulation  in  each  state  and  terri- 
tory in  1900. 

Cartogram  <1,  Plate  27,  shows  tiie  luunerical  gain 
or  loss  in  foreign  boi'ii  population  in  1900.  There 
are  fifteen  states  showing  a  numerical  loss  in  this 
element,  principally  in  the  North  Central  and  South 
Central  divisions,  the  remaining  states  showing  an 
increase. 

Cartogram  5,  Plate  72,  the  proportional  increase  and 
(icci'ease  of  tile  foreign  to  native  l)orn  from  1S90  to  1900, 
shows  that  this  element  has  increased  proportionally  in 
only  nine  states  and  territories. 

Plate  <)3  re]iresents  the  proportion  of  foreign  born  of 
each  leading  nationality,  in  190i>.  by  states  and  territo- 
ries arranged  in  geographical  order.  Germans  formed 
the  largest  percentage  of  the  foreign  ])orn  element  in 
twenty-two  states,  Kentucky.  Indiana,  ^Missouri,  iSIary- 
land.  and  ^\'iscoiisin  having  the  largest  proportions  in 
the  order  named.  It  is  a  peculiar  fact  that  Kentucky 
shows  a  larger  proportion  of  Germans  than  eithei 
Missouri  or  Wisconsin. 

The  Irish  were  the  leading  element  in  Delaware,  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  and  Connecticut. 

Canadians  formed  the  largest  percentage  of  the  foreign 


POPULA'I  I()\. 


49 


boiii  in  Miiiiu'.  New  ILimpsliiri'.  N'criiioiit,  Massachu- 
setts, Michigan.  Rhode  Island,  and  Montana,  while 
Utali  had  the  lar<r(>.st  proportion  of  the  nati\-(^s  of 
En<j;hind,  Scothind,  and  Wales.  This  elenuMit  also 
formed  the  largest  proportion  of  the  foreign  horn  in 
Indian  TiM-ritory,  North  Carolina.  .\.lal)ania,  Xirginia, 
Wvoniing.  Colorado,  and  Nevada,  in  the  order  specilied. 

Scandinavians  formed  the  largest  propoi'tion  of  the 
foreign  (dement  in  Alinnesota.  South  Hakota,  North 
Dakota.  \Vashington,  and  Idaho. 

The  Italians  comprised  the  largest  propoilion  of  the 
foreign  l)orn  in  Ijouisiana.  and  a  large  pei'centage  of 
the  foreign  element  in  West  Vii'ginia,  Nevada,  Indian 
Te.ri'itory,  and  Mississippi. 

Oklahoma.  South  Dakota.  North  Dakota.  ^Maryland, 
and  (ieorgia  had  the  largest  ])ercentag(^s  f)f  Hussians. 
while  I)ela\var(%  Pennsylvania.  lllini)is.  Wisconsin. 
Michigan,  and  Connecticut  show  the  laru'est  percentages 
of  Poies. 

Tiiose  states  having  llie  largest  ])ei'(^entages  of  Aus- 
trians  were  Pennsylvania.  Coloiado.  and  Wyoming. 

The  largest  percentages  of  Rohemians  to  total  foreign 
born  were  found  in  Nebraska,  Oklahoma,  Texas,  Illinois, 
and  Iowa. 

Those  states  having  the  largest  percentages  of  Hun- 
garians were  Pennsylvania,  Wi^st  N'irginia.  ()hio.  and 
New  Jersey. 

The  West  Indians  formed  the  largest  pioportion  of 
the  foreign  born  in  Florida,  the  ])roporti<)ii  in  other 
states  being  trifling. 

Natives  of  France  were  found  principally  in  Louisi- 
ana. 

Mexicans  comprised  the  largest  proportion  of  the  for- 
eign born  in  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  Texas.  The 
Chinese  formed  the  largest  proportion  of  the  foreign 
born  in  .Vlaska.  but  were  also  found  in  large  numl)ers  in 
Hawaii,  Oregon.  Nevada,  and  ( 'alifornia.  The  Japanese 
comprised  the  largest  proportion  of  the  foreign  born 
in  Hawaii:  Idaho,  Washington,  Oregon,  and  ilontana 
appear(>d  with  smaller  proportions  of  this  element. 

Plate  64  shows,  in  1900,  what  proportion  the  foreign 
born  of  each  leading  nationality  fcn-med  of  the  total 
foreign  ))orn  population  in  cities  of  li)(i,0()0  population 
and  upward.  The  (xermans  formed  50  per  cent  or  more 
of  the  foreign  born  in  six  cities,  (jincinnati  having  the 
largest  proportion,  Milwaukee  second.  I.,ouisvillc  tliird, 
St.  Louis,  Columbus,  and  Indianapolis  following  in 
order  of  the  percentages  of  their  German  element. 
The  Irish  comprised  the  largest  proportion  of  the  foreign 
born  in  Boston,  New  Haven,  Providence,  Philadelphia, 
Jersey  City,  AVashington.  and  Worcester,  these  cities 
being  arranged  according  to  their  proportions  of  this 
element.  Fall  River  is  the  only  citj'  shown  in  this  dia- 
gram in  which  the  Canadians  constituted  the  principal 
eleme_nt  of  the  foreign  born  population.  In  Scranton 
and  Paterson  the  largest  proportion  of  the  foreign  born 
population  was  composed  of  natives  of  England.  Scot- 


land, and  W  ale-..  Thi>  element  also  appeared  in  large 
proportions  in  Fall  River  and  Providence.  While  the 
Italians  did  not  foi'm  the  largest  proi)orti<>ii  of  the 
total  foreign  born  in  any  of  t\u\  cities  specilied  in  this 
diagram,  in  New  Orleans  they  formed  a  larg(>r  jiropor- 
tion  of  the  foreign  element  than  they  did  in  any  other 
city,  New  Haven,  Memphis,  and  Newark  follnvving  in 
order.  In  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul,  and  Omaha  the 
Scandinavians  comprised  the  largest  ])roportioii  of 
the  foreign  el(Muent.  Haltimon^  had  the  largest  pro- 
])orti<)n  (if  Ivussians  to  the  total  foreign  horn.  New 
^'ork  and  New  Haven  (>ach  having  ov(>r  io  per  cent. 
Milwaukee  had  the  largest  i)roportion  of  Poles.  Alle- 
gheny of  .Vustrians.  and  Cleveland  the  largest  per- 
centage of  Hohemians  and  Hungarians.  New  Orleans 
had  the  largest  pei'centage  of  French.  Los  .Vngeles  of 
CluTiesc  and  Mexicans,  and  San  Francisco  the  largest 
jiercentage  of  Japan(>sc. 

^Vlap  1,  Plate  (i.").  shows,  in  six  degrees  of  density,  the 
number  of  (iermans  to  a  square  mile  in  (>ach  county  in 
1900.  The  large  number  of  persons  of  this  nationality 
in  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jerse}-.  Pennsylvania, 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  eastern  Missouri 
are  plainly  indicated  by  the  heavy  shades  of  brown.  A 
I  considerable  area  of  (Jerman  settlement  is  al.so  noted 
I   in  Michigan  and  Texas. 

Map  2  on  the  sam(>  plate  indicates,  by  tive  shades  of 
brown,  the  proportion  of  th(>  natives  of  (iei'niany  to  the 
total  ]i(>i)ulati(>n  in  IKoii,  and  shows  that  the  German 
element  was  of  importance  in  northern  Illinois,  Wiscon- 
sin, Iowa,  ^linnesota.  eastern  Nebraska,  Missouri,  and 
parts  of  Texas. 

Map  1,  Plate  G6,  density  of  Irish  per  s(iuai'e  mile, 
represents,  in  six  shades  of  color,  those  portions  of  the 
country  in  which  the  Irish  were  tho  most  thickly  con- 
gregated in  1900.  The  heavy  shades  indicate  that  the 
greatest  densit\-  of  Irish  ])opulation  was  found  in  ]\Iassa- 
chusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  Penn- 
sylvania. ai\d  New  Jersey,  with  scattered  settlements 
through  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  California. 

Map  2,  Plate  6(5,  shows,  in  four  shades  of  color,  the 
proportion  of  natives  of  Ireland  to  total  population  in 
1900.  iind,  like  map  1,  iTidicates  that  portion  of  the  coun- 
try where  the  Irish  formed  an  important  element  of  the 
population. 

]\Iaps  1  and  2,  Plate  67,  show  the  density  of  the  na- 
tives of  Great  Britain  and  the  proportion  of  the  British 
to  total  population  at  the  Twelfth  Census.  The  states 
of  Massachvisctts.  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania  have  the  greatest 
density,  while  the  largest  proportion  of  this  nativity 
appears  in  Massachusetts,  PiMinsylvania,  Illinois.  Mis- 
souri, Colorado,  Utah,  ^Montana,  and  California.  Ftah 
shows  a  larger  proportion  of  natives  of  Great  Britain  to 
total  population  than  any  other  state. 

Maps  1  and  2,  Plate  OS,  represent  the  density  of  the 
natives  of  Canada  and  the  proportion  of  the  Canadians 


50 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


to  the  total  population  in  I9iiu.  The  .states  of  Maine, 
New  Hampshire,  Vennoiit.  Mas.sachusetts,  Rhode  Is- 
land, Connecticut,  Ncav  York,  JNIicliigan,  Wi.sconsin, 
Minnesota,  and  North  Dakota  show  the  most  dense  set- 
tlements of  this  element,  as  well  as  the  largest  propor- 
tion to  their  total  population. 

Majjs  1  and  2,  Plate  O'.t,  show  the  density  of  the 
Scandinavians  and  their  j^roportion  to  the  total  popula- 
tion at  the  Twelfth  Census.  The  laru(\st  proportions  of 
this  element  to  total  jjopulation  are  noted  in  northern 
Illinois,  Iowa,  Michigan,  Wiscon.sin,  Minnesota,  North 
Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and  Nebraska,  with  con.siderable 
areas  of  settlement  in  Utah,  ^Montana,  and  AVashington. 

The  diagrams  on  Plates  TO  and  71  j)resent  the  geo- 
graphical distribution  of  eight  groups  of  nations  in 
lOOi)  and  1.S9().  This  classification  was  made  in  order 
to  group  the  foreign  born  on  a  broader  basis  than  the 
simple  country  of  birth,  and  the  diagrams  are  of  great 
interest  in  .showing  where  these  foreign  elements  have 
made  their  homes. 

The  number  of  each  of  these  elements  in  1900  and 
ISyo,  their  increase,  and  percentage  of  increase  are 
given  in  the  following  table: 


GRurps. 

POPULATION.  1 

Increase. 

Percent- 

1900 

1890 

increase. 

Teutons  . . . 

3,192,637 
1,615,459 
1,179,807 
1,167,623 
1,109,738 
1,062,207 
634,397 
120,248 

3,119,6.83 
1.871.509 
980,938 
1,251,402 
.510,625 
933, 249 
319,822 
113, 383 

73,054 
2  256, 050 
198,869 
2  83,  779 
599, 113 
128,958 
314,675 
6,865 

2  3 

Irish 

=  13.7 
20.3 

British ; 

Slavs  . 

=  6.7 
117  3 

Scandinavians 

13  8 

Greco-Latins  . 

98  4 

1  Exelu.siveof  Alaska,  Hawaii,  and  persons  in  the  military  and  naval  service 
of  the  United  States  stationed  abroad. 
*  Decrease. 

Plate  70  represents  the  geogniphical  distriljution  of 
certain  groups  of  nations  in  1!XM )  and  1890  for  the  states 
in  which  they  were  numerically  important.  Diagram 
1  shows  the  dLstribution  of  the  Teutons,  comprising 
natives  of  Germany,  Austria,  Holland,  Belgium,  Lux- 
emburg, and  Switzerland:  the  Germans  formed  the  prin- 
cipal element  of  this  class.  The  Teutons  were  found  in 
greatest  numbers  in  the  states  of  New  York,  Illi- 
nois, Penn.sylvania,  Wisconsin,  Ohio,  Michigan,  and 
New  Jersey'.  In  New  York,  Illinois,  Penn.sylvania, 
New  Jersey,  and  Minnesota  the  number  of  Teutons  had 
increa.sed  since  1890,  while  in  Wisconsin,  Ohio,  Michi- 
gan, Iowa,  and  Missouri  the  number  had  decreased. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  70,  shows  the  distribution  of  the 
Greco-Latins,  consisting  of  tlie  natives  of  France,  Italv, 
Spain,  Portugal,  and  Greece.  I'he  largest  numbers  of 
this  element,  which  has  almo.st  doubled  since  1890, 
were  found  in  New  York,  Penn.sylvania.  California, 
Massachusetts,  and  New  Jer.sey. 

Diagram  3,  Plate  70,  represents  the  disti-ilnition  of 
t\m  Irish,  who  were  found  principidly   in   tlie   North 


Atlantic  and  North  Central  divisions;  the  .states  having 
the  largest  numbers  were  New  York,  Massachusetts, 
Penn.sylvania,  Illinois,  and  New  Jersey,  in  the  order 
named.  It  is  ti  noticeable  fact  that  the  number  of  Irish 
has  decreased  since  1890  in  every  state  siiown  on  the 
diagram,  except  Montana. 

Ill  diagram  4.  Plate  To — distribution  of  Slavs,  which 
include  natives  of  Russia,  Hungary,  Bohemiti.  and 
Poland — New  York  also  had  the  largest  number,  with 
Penn.sylvania,  Illinois,  and  Ohio  following  in  order. 
The  Slavs,  like  the  Greco-Latins,  have  increased  greatly 
since  1890.  New  York,  Penn.sylvania,  and  Illinois,  and 
a  number  of  other  states,  have  more  than  doubled  this 
element  of  their  population  in  ten  years. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  71,  shows  the  distribution  of  Scan- 
dinavians, compo.sed  of  natives  of  Norwaj',  Sweden, 
and  Denmai'k.  Minnesota  had  the  largest  number, 
Illinois,  Wisconsin,  and  Iowa  following  in  order.  The 
Scandinavian  element  has  increased  in  all  the  states 
shown  on  the  diagram,  except  Iowa,  Michigan,  Ne- 
liraska,  and  Kansas,  which  show  a  decrease  since  1890. 

Diagram  '2.  Plate  71.  represents  the  distribution  of 
the  British,  including  the  natives  of  England,  Scotland, 
and  Wales.  Pennsylvania  had  the  largest  number,  with 
New  York,  Massaciuisetts,  Illinois,  and  Ohio  following 
in  order.  This  element  has  decreased  in  :i  majority  of 
states  since  1.S90. 

In  diagram  3,  Plate  71,  the  number  of  British  Ameri- 
cans, comprising  the  natives  of  Canada  and  Newfound- 
land, is  shown.  Massachusetts  led  in  this  element  of 
pojjulation;  Michigan,  New  York,  and  Maine  also  had 
lai'ge  numbers.  In  the  states  of  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Kan- 
sas, and  South  Dakota  this  element  had  decreased, 
although  the  total  number  in  the  United  States  had 
increased. 

Diagram  4,  Plate  71,  shows  the  number  of  Asiatics, 
including  the  natives  of  China,  Japan,  and  other  parts 
of  Asia.  California,  Oregon,  New  York,  W'ashington, 
and  Mas.sachu.setts  were  the  only  states  in  which  this 
element  was  not  insignificant.  California  still  had  the 
largest  proportion  of  this  element,  although  it  has 
decreased  greatly  since  1890. 

Plate  73  shows  the  distribution  of  natives  of  certain 
foreign  countries  in  1900.  New  York  had  the  largest 
number  of  natives  of  Germany,  Ireland,  Russia,  and 
Italy.  Massachusetts  led  in  the  number  of  natives  of 
Canada  and  Newfoundland;  Penn.syhania  in  natives  of 
Great  Britain,  and  I'oland;  and  Minnesota  in  the  largest 
number  of  natives  of  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  73,  is  of  interest,  as  it  shows,  by  the 
length  of  the  bars,  the  percentage  of  each  of  the  prin- 
cipal nativities  living  in  cities  of  25,000  inhabitants  or 
more  in  1900. and  indicates  the  elements  of  foreign  im- 
migrants who  .settle  in  our  large  cities.  Nearly  75  per 
cent  of  the  Russians  lived  in  cities — a  larger  proportion 
than  of  any  otlier  foreign  nationality'.      Poland,  Italy, 


POPULATION. 


51 


and  Ireland  liad  over  62  per  cent;  Bohemia,  Aastria, 
Hungary,  and  Germany  followed  in  order,  each  having 
over  50  per  cent. 

The  di.stri  bution  of  the  foreign  born  population,  which 
has  been  repretsented  on  the  diagrams  and  maps  pre- 
viously referred  to,  does  not  include  all  of  what  may 
be  termed  the  foreign  element,  as  natives  of  foreign 
parentage  have  not  been  considered. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  74,  represents,  by  the  length  of  the 
bars,  the  distril)ution  of  the  white  population  of  foreign 
parentage,  including  foi'eign  born  whites,  in  each  state 
and  territory.  Of  this  elenuMit  New  York  had  4:.304:,389, 
forming  59.2  per  cent  of  the  totiil  population.  Illinois 
had  2,462,705;  Pennsylvania,  2,412,292;  Massachusetts, 
Wisconsin,  Ohio,  Michigan,  and  Minnesota  each  had 
over  1,000,000  persons  of  foreign  extrat'tion.  The  for- 
eign element  in  the  Southern  states  was  ver}'  small. 

The  total  numljer  of  whites  of  foreign  parentage  in 
continental  United  States  in  1900  was  25,850.980,  form- 
ing 84.U  ]ier  cent  of  its  total  pojjulation.  The  distribu- 
tion of  this  population  is  shown  in  detail  on  the  map. 
Plate  75,  which  indicates,  in  six  shades  of  color,  the 
proportion  of  the  whites  of  foreign  parentage  to  the 
total  population  in  each  county,  the  heavy  shades  show- 
ing where  the  foreign  element  formed  the  greatest 
proportion  in  1900.  The  small  proportion  of  the  for- 
eign element  in  the  South  and  the  preponderance  of 
persons  of  foreign  parentage  in  Wisconsin,  ilinnesota, 
and  the  Dakotas  is  clearly  outlined.  Massachusetts, 
Khode  Island>,  and  Connecticut  also  had  large  propor- 
tions of  this  element. 

Cartogram  4,  Plate  27,  shows,  for  each  state  and  terri- 
tory, the  proportion  of  whites  of  foreign  parentage  to 
total  population  at  the  Twelfth  Census  in  six  groups, 
and  was  prepared  in  the  same  manner  as  Plate  75, 
except  that  in  the  former  the  county  was  used  as  the 
unit,  and  in  the  latter  the  state  was  the  unit.  The 
North  Atlantic,  North  Central,  and  Western  divisions 
bad  the  greatest  proportion  of  whites  of  foreign  parent- 
age; and  the  South  Atlantic  and  South  Central  the  least. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  74,  indicates,  by  the  length  of  its 
bars,  the  proportion  of  aliens  to  the  total  foreign  born 
males  of  voting  age  in  each  specified  nativity  in  1900. 
The  Chinese  had  the  largest  proportion  of  aliens,  as  they 
are  prohibited  by  law  from  becoming  citizens  of  the 
United  States;  the  Japanese  were  second,  and  the  Hun- 
garians, Italians,  Portuguese,  and  Austrians  followed 
in  order;  the  Welsh  had  the  lowest  percentage  of  aliens 
of  the  nativities  shown  on  the  diagram. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  60.  represents  the  percentage  of 
aliens  in  the  total  foreign  born  of  each  specified  nativitj- 
in  1900.  This  differs  from  diagram  2,  Plate  74.  in  that 
the  percentages  are  based  on  the  total  foreign  born 
instead  of  foreign  born  males  of  voting  age. 

Diagram  3,  Plate  60,  shows  the  percentage  of  aliens 
among  the  foreign  born  males  21  years  of  age  and  over 
in  cities  having  100,000  inhabitants  or  more  in  1900.    The 


New  England  states  led  in  this  respect.  In  Fall  River 
and  Worcester  over  44  per  cent  of  the  foreign  born 
males  21  jears  of  age  and  over  were  aliens;  in  Provi- 
dence over  37.8  per  cent;  in  Los  Angeles,  Boston,  San 
Francisco,  New  York,  New  Haven,  Pittsburg,  and 
Philadelphia  between  30  and  35  per  cent  of  the  foreign 
born  males  of  voting  age  were  aliens.  Columl)us  had 
the  lowest  percentage  of  aliens  of  voting  age,  5.9. 

Cartogram  4,  Plate  76,  presents,  in  six  degrees  of 
density,  th(!  proportion  of  aliens  to  foreign  born  males 
21  years  of  age  and  over  in  1900.  Maine  and  Arizona 
had  over  55  per  cent  of  aliens  among  the  foreign  born 
males  21  years  of  age  and  over. 

CON.IUCAL   CONDITIOX. 

The  diagrams  on  Plates  32,  77,  and  78  show  the  con- 
jugal condition  of  the  population  and  its  elements  in 
1900. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  32,  represents  graphically,  by  the 
length  of  the  bars,  the  number  of  single,  married, 
widowed,  and  divorced,  bj-  general  nativity  and  color, 
for  continental  United  States.  Single  persons  outnum- 
bered the  married  and  widowed  in  the  total  popula- 
tion, native  white  of  native  parents,  native  white  of 
foreign  parents,  and  negro.  The  foreign  white  element, 
however,  had  more  than  twice  as  man}'  married  as 
single;  this  is  due,  undoubtedly,  to  the  fact  that  a 
gi'eater  part  of  our  immigration  c'onsists  of  married 
adults.  It  will  also  be  noted  that  the  number  of 
divorced  is  represented  for  the  total  population  onh', 
as  the  numbers  returned  for  the  other  elements  were 
too  small  to  be  indicated. 

Plate  77  consists  of  a  series  of  diagrams  showing,  for 
continental  United  States,  the  conjugal  condition  of  the 
aggregate  population  for  190Uand  lb9U,  and  native  white 
of  native  parents  and  native  white  of  foreign  parents 
for  1900.  by  age  and  sex,  in  proportions  of  the  total 
number  in  each  age  group.  The  proportion  of  persons 
marrj'ing  before  15  years  of  age  was  so  small  as  not  to 
apj)ear  on  the  diagrams  for  the  aggregate  population 
at  either  census.  In  1900, 1.0  per  cent  of  the  males  and 
10.9  per  cent  of  the  females  between  the  ages  of  15 
and  19  were  married.  From  20  to  24  years  21.6  per 
cent  of  the  males  were  married  and  of  the  females  46.5 
per  cent.  In  every  age  period,  except  15  to  19,  the 
proportion  of  widowed  to  married  for  females  was 
larger  than  for  males.  It  will  also  be  noted  that  the 
proportion  of  widowed  to  total  in  each  age  group  for 
females  was  more  than  double  that  for  males.  Com- 
paring the  two  diagrams  for  1900  and  1890,  an  increase 
will  be  noted  in  the  proportion  of  widowed  to  married 
i   for  nearly  every  age  group  for  both  sexes. 

The  diagram  representing  the  conjugal  condition  of 
the  native  white  of  native  parents  shows  a  slightly 
larger  proportion  of  married  males  and  females  in  each 
aire  s-roui)  than  the  agsjrecrate.    The  native  white  of  for- 


52 


STATISTICAL  ATLaS. 


eign  parents  shows  a  inuch  smaller  proportion  of  mar- 
ried in  each  age  group  than  the  native  white  of  native 
parents. 

On  Plate  78,  the  first  diagram,  representing  the  for- 
eign white  population  for  continental  United  States, 
sliows  a  slightly  larger  proportion  of  l)oth  married  and 
widt)wed  persons  in  most  of  the  age  groups  than  the 
native  white  of  foreign  parents.  The  Indians  show 
larger  proportions  of  married,  botli  males  and  females, 
in  each  age  group  below  35  years,  than  any  of  the 
other  elements,  except  in  tlie  case  of  Chinese  females. 
The  negroes  show  the  largest  proportions  of  widowed 
females  for  eac-h  age  group,  except  15  to  10  years,  in 
wliich  th(>  Indians  lead.  The  last  diagram,  representing 
tile  conjugal  condition  of  the  Chinese  and  .Tapanese. 
indicates  that  a  verv  small  proportion  of  males  (30.  U 
per  cent)  and  a  very  large  proportion  of  females  ((!2.!> 
per  cent)  were  married. 

Cartogram  2,  Plate  70,  indicates,  by  shades  of  color, 
the  proportion  of  divorced  to  married  persons  in  l'.»(i(i, 
in  each  state  and  teri-itorv.  Nevada,  Oregon.  New 
Hampshire,  California,  and  Arizona  show  the  largest 
percentage,  the  proportion  generally  being  larger  in 
the  West  than  in  the  East.  The  returns  of  the  enum- 
erators can  not,  however,  be  taken  as  an  absolutely 
accurate  statement  of  the  luunbei'  of  divorced,  owing 
to  the  tendency  of  divorced  persons  to  rei)ort  as  single 
or  widowed;  and  to  the  fact  that  no  return  is  made  of 
the  divorced  pei'sons  who  have  married  again. 

IiJjITEKACV. 

The  enimierators  of  the  Twelfth  Census  were  requii'ed 
to  secure  data  in  regard  to  the  illiteracy  of  every  person 
10  yeai-s  of  age  and  over.  The  inquiry  called  for  an 
answer  as  to  whether  or  not  a  person  could  read  or  write; 
therefore,  the  census  classitication  of  illiterates  includes 
what  might  be  termed  two  classes — tirst,  those  who 
can  neither  read  nor  write,  and,  second,  those  who  can 
read  but  can  not  write.  The  enumerators  returned  a 
total  of  5S,22-I:,6(*0  persons  10  years  of  age  and  upward; 
of  this  number,  6,246,857,  or  10.7  per  cent,  were  reported 
as  illiterate.  In  1890  the  illiterates  constituted  13.3  per 
cent  of  the  population  10  years  of  age  and  upward,  a 
decrease  during  the  past  decade  of  2.6  per  cent  in  the 
pi'oportion  of  illiterates. 

On  Plate  82,  the  proportion  of  illiterates  among  the 
total  population  10  years  of  age  and  over  in  I'JOo  and 
1890,  the  states  are  arranged  in  the  order  of  the  per- 
centage of  illiterates  in  1900.  Exclu<ling  Alaska,  Loui- 
siana shows  the  largest  percentage  at  both  censuses,  and 
Nebraska  the  smallest.  The  only  states  and  territories 
indicating  an  iTicrease  in  percentageof  illiterates  are  Ari- 
zona, South  Dakota,  Montana,  Comie(^ticut,  Wyoming, 
Nevada,  and  Oklahoma,  due  principally  to  the  inclusion 
of  Indians  in  1900,  as  this  class  was  not  included  in  the 
illiterate    population    in    189(I.     The    Southern    states. 


especially,  show  great  decreases  in  illiteracy,  while  in 
a  number  of  the  North  Atlantic  states  the  decrease  is 
slight,  owing  to  a  great  influx  of  illiterate  foreigners. 

Plate  83  represents,  for  each  state  and  territory,  in 
1900  and  1890,  the  proportion  of  illiterates  among  the 
native  white  population  10  years  of  age  and  over, 
arranged  in  order  of  their  illiteracy  in  19(iO.  New 
Mexico  is  first,  having  the  largest  proportion  of  native 
white  illiterates  at  both  decades,  due  ])rincipally  to  the 
large  number  of  illiterates  among  the  natives  of  Spanish 
descent;  Massachusetts  had  the  smallest  percentage  of 
illiterates  in  1890,  but  in  1900  had  been  passed  by  five 
Western  states — Washington,  South  Dakota,  Nevada, 
Montana,  and  Wyoming — Washington  enjoying  the 
distinction  of  having  the  smallest  percentage  of  native 
white  illiterates  in  1900.  It  will  also  be  noted  that  the 
percentage  of  nativ(^  white  illiterates  has  decreased  in 
each  state  and  territory,  except  New  Hampshire,  which 
shows  an  incivase  of  only  o.(i3  per  cent.  The  decrease 
in  the  illiteracy  of  the  native  white  population  in  the 
Southern  states  is  nmch  less  than  the  decrease  in  illit- 
eracy of  the  negro  population  in  the  same  states. 

Plate  84  I'epresents,  for  each  state  and  territory,  the 
]iroi)orti()n  of  illiterates  among  th(^  foreign  white  popu- 
lation V)  years  of  age  and  over  foi'  19o0  and  189(), 
arranged  in  order  of  their  illiteracy  in  19oo.  Hawaii 
leads  with  the  greatest  percentage  of  foreign  white  illit- 
erates, 43.1  per  cent  in  19n0,  Arizona  and  New  Mexico 
following  with  over  34  per  cent,  while  Oregon  appears 
with  the  least  percentage,  4.1. 

Plate  85  indicates,  by  states  and  territories,  the  pro- 
portion of  illiterates  among  the  negro  population  10 
years  of  age  and  over,  for  19()i>  and  1890.  arranged  in 
oi'der  of  their  illiteracy  in  19oo.  J^ouisiana  had  the 
highest  percentage,  61.1  per  cent  of  tlie  tiegroes  10 
years  of  age  and  over  of  that  state  being  illiterate. 
Jj\ery  state  and  territory  exc(>pt  ^Montana  shows  a  grinit 
decrease  in  the  projiortion  of  negro  illiterates  from  1890 
to  1900,  which  is  especially  marked  in  New  Mexico, 
Utah,  Nevada,  and  North  Dakota.  This  diagram  is  of 
great  interest  as  a  measure  of  the  decrease  in  illiteracy 
of  the  negroes,  and  is  especially  significant  as  compared 
with  the  diagram  on  Plate  83,  which  shows  the  propor- 
tion of  illiterates  among  the  nati\e  white  population. 
It  will  be  noted  that  the  decrease  in  the  percentage  of 
illiterates  among  the  negroes  had  been  nuich  greater 
than  the  decrease  for  the  native  white  population. 

Plate  79  shows,  by  shades  of  color,  the  proportion  of 
illiterates  among  native  white  males  of  voting  age  in 
each  county  in  1900.  The  heavy  shades,  indicating  the 
largest  proportions  of  illiterates,  will  be  found  in  the 
South  Atlantic  and  South  Central  states,  and  New 
Mexico,  and  the  lightest  shade,  indicating  the  smallest 
proportion,  in  the  North  Central  and  Western  states. 
The  comparatively  large  ])roportion  of  illiterates  in  the 
North  Atlantic  division  was  due  to  the  largo  number  of 
illiterate  native  white  males  of  foreign  parentage. 


POPULATION. 


53 


Oh  riiito,  .SU,  the  ilouhU;  \ydgu  map  rcpresentiug  the 
proportion  of  illiterates  among  negro  males  of  voting 
age  in  l!>(l(l,  the  heavy  shades  will  1)C  found  in  the 
South  Atlantic  and  South  Central  states.  It  will  also 
be  noted  that  the  percentage  of  illiterates  among  negro 
males  of  voting  age  was  very  large  in  all  ])arts  of  the 
country,  although  the  negro  element  in  tlie  Northern 
states  has  made  rapid  progress  in  acquiring  the  elements 
of  educatif)n. 

On  Plate  81,  males  of  voting  age  by  color  and  nativ- 
ity, and  by  illiteracy,  for  states  and  territories,  in  1900, 
the  shaded  iiortion  of  each  color  re]n-esents  the  per- 
centage of  illiterates  in  each  element  of  the  population, 
the  colored  showing  the  greatest  percentage  of  illiter- 
ate's in  each  state  and  territory  where  they  formed  a 
fair  proportion  of  the  ])opulation. 

InABTI.TIV    to    Si'KAK    ENfil.ISH. 

Plate  ,S<1  represents,  for  I'.tOO.  by  states  and  territories, 
the  proportion  of  white  persons  of  foreign  parentage, 
10  3'ears  of  age  and  over,  who  could  not  speak  English. 
New  Mexico  (38.8  per  cent),  Arizona  (HI. 5  per  cent), 
and  Texas  (28.0  percent)  had  the  largest  percentages 
of  this  element,  due  principally  to  the  large  proportion 
of  immigrants  of  Mexican  bli'tli. 

Cartogram  0,  Plate  Ttl,  shows  for  lOiiii,  in  shades  of 
color,  by  states  and  territories,  the  proportion  of  for- 
eign born  whites  lo  years  of  ag(>  and  over  who  could 
not  speak  English;  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  Texas,  and 
Florida  had  the  greatest  proportions  (each  of  the  first 
three  having  over  -iO  per  cent)  of  this  class  of  immi- 
grants, who  were  principally  of  Spanish  descent,  the 
slowest  in  learning  to  speak  English. 

Occupations. 

The  enumerators  of  the  Twelfth  Census  returned 
29,287,070  persons  10  years  of  age  and  over  as  en- 
gaged in  gainful  occupations,  more  thaii  one-half  (50.3 
per  cent)  of  the  population  10  years  ()f  age  and  upward, 
and  nearly  two-fifths  (38.4  per  cent)  of  the  total  popu- 
lation. 

Of  this  number,  23,!>57,778  were  males  and  5,329,292 
females,  or  more  than  4  males  to  each  female.  The  male 
wage-earners  formed  four-fifths  of  the  total  male  pop- 
ulation 10  3'ears  of  age  and  over,  while  the  female  wage- 
earners  formed  only  18.8  per  cent  of  the  total  female 
popidation  10  years  of  age  and  upward. 

Plate  89  represents,  ])y  six  small  squares,  the  popula- 
tion, or  its  elements,  10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  sex, 
classified  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage-earners,  for 
continental  United  States  in  1900.  The  entire  area  of 
each  square,  representing  the  population,  or  its  ele- 
ments, 10  years  of  age  and  over,  is  subdivided  into 
rectangles  showing  the  proportion  of  each  sex.  and  so 
shaded  as  to  indicate  the  proportion  of  wage-eai'ners 
and  nonwage-earners  in  each  sex. 


Diagram  1,  Plate  8!t,  isa  s<juare  representing  tlie  pop- 
ulation 10  years  of  age  and  over,  in  1900,  Vjy  sex,  classi- 
fied as  wage-earners  and  nonwage-earners.  The  large 
pioportion  of  maU^  wage-earners,  comprising  four- 
fifths  (80.0  per  cent)  of  the  male  population  10  years  of 
age  and  over,  as  compared  with  the  proportion  of  female 
wage-earnei's  forming  less  tiian  one-lifth  (18.8  percent) 
of  the  total  number  of  females  10  A'ears  of  age  and  over. 
is  clearly  shown. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  89,  is  a  square  repi-esenting  the  pop- 
ulation 10  years  of  age  and  over,  by  color  and  general 
nativity, clas.sified  as  wage-earners  and  nonwage-earners. 
The  increasing  proportion  of  wage-earners  in  eacii  ele- 
ment is  ('ieariy  indicated  by  tiie  shaded  parts  of  tlie 
rectangles,  the  colored  element  showing  tlie  laigest 
proportion  of  wage-earnei-s  {i'd.  1  per  cent),  and  the 
native  white  of  native  parents  the  smallest  (45.8  i)er 
cent). 

Diagram  3,  Plate  89,  is  composed  of  four  squares, 
representing  the  native  white  of  native  parents,  native 
white  of  foreign  parents,  foreign  white,  and  colored 
popuiiitiiin  10  years  of  age  and  over.  Each  sejuare  is 
divided  inti)  rectangles,  representing  males  and  females, 
each  rectangle  being  shaded  to  indicate  the  proportion 
of  wage-earnei-saiiil  nonwage-earners.  The  male  wage- 
earners  largely  outnuml)ered  the  female  in  each  ele- 
ment. The  foreign  white  show  the  largest  proportion 
of  male  wage-earners  to  total  foreign  white  males  10 
years  of  age  and  over,  and  the  colored  the  largest  pro- 
portion of  femah"  wage-earners.  The  smallest  propor- 
tion of  male  wage-earnei's  is  shown  for  tli(>  native  white 
of  foreign  i)areiits.  and  the  smallest  proportion  of 
female  wage-earners  among  the  native  white  of  native 
parents. 

Wage-earners  are  classified  bv  the  Census,  prima- 
rilv.  into  five  grand  groups  of  occupations,  as  follows: 
(1)  agricuituiiil  jiiirsuits;  (2)  professional  service;  (3) 
domestic  and  jiersonal  service;  (4)  trade  and  transpor- 
tation; (5)  manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits. 
These  grand  groups  are  subdivided  into  specified 
occupations. 

Plate  90  shows,  for  continental  I'nited  States,  the 
proportion  oi  males  and  females  in  each  class  of  occu- 
pations and  in  certain  specified  occupation  groups  in 
1900.  The  total  ItMigth  of  each  bar  represents  100  per 
cent,  the  black  portion  indicating  the  percentage  of 
males  and  the  white  the  percentage  of  females,  those 
occupations  in  which  each  sex  preponderates  being 
cleailv  marked  liy  the  ditierence  in  color.  The  first 
bar  shows  that  tlie  males  formed  81.7  per  cent  of  all 
wage-earners. 

Taking  up  the  occupation  groups  in  order,  we  note 
that  in  agricultuial  pursuits  males  formed  90.t)  per 
cent  of  the  total  number  employed.  In  the  three  speci- 
fied classes  of  occupations  given  under  professional 
service  the  males  were  in  excess  among  artists  and  teach- 
ers of  art,  while  in  the  other  two  the  females  prepon- 


54 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


derated.  In  the  six  cla.s.ses  given  under  donie.stie  and 
personal  service  there  is  only  one  in  which  the  males  were 
in  excess — laborers  (not  specitied) — of  which  class  they 
formed  95.3  per  cent;  the  females  formed  at  least  82.3 
per  cent  of  each  of  the  other  five  classes.  Under  trade 
and  transportation  th(>  males  exceeded  in  every  group 
except  stenographers  and  typewriters,  in  which  the 
females  formed  76.0  per  cent.  A  great  variation  will 
be  noted  in  the  proportion  of  the  sexes  for  the  occupa- 
tions shown  under  manufacturing  and  mechanical  pur- 
suits. In  several  of  the  classes,  as  bleachery  and  dye 
works  operatives,  printers,  lithographers,  and  press- 
men, also  photogi-apliers,  the  males  formed  over  86  per 
cent  of  the  employees;  while  of  dressmakers,  milliners, 
and  seamstresses,  the  females  formed  over  96  per  cent. 
In  ten  of  the  twenty-six  groups  represented  under 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits,  the  females 
formed  over  .->(•  per  cent  of  the  wag(>-earners. 

The  proportion  which  each  of  the  principal  elements 
of  the  population  formed  of  the  total  wage-earners,  and 
the  relative  proportion  of  each  of  the  grand  groups  in 
each  element,  for  continental  United  States,  is  shown 
by  the  square  diagram  on  Plate  NT.  This  scfuare  rep- 
resents the  classiticationof  occupations  by  race  and  nativ- 
ity in  19t>(i.  and,  idthough  it  appears  to  be  complex,  is 
really  very  simple  in  construction  and  easily  understood. 
The  total  area  of  the  scjuare,  rei)resenting  the  numlnu- 
of  wage-earners,  is  divided  by  heavy  horizontal  lines 
into  rectangles  indicating  the  native  white  of  native 
parents,  native  white  of  foreign  parents,  foreign  white, 
and  colored.  Each  rectangle  is  subdivided  by  vertical 
lines  into  sections  representing  each  of  the  tive  grand 
giTjups  of  occupations,  each  grouj)  lacing  given  a  dis- 
tinctive color — agricultural  pursuits,  ))lue;  professional 
service,  pink;  domestic  and  personal  service,  green; 
trade  and  transportation,  gray;  and  manufacturing  and 
mechanical  pursuits,  yellow. 

Each  grand  group  is  sul)dividcd  l)y  light  horizontal 
lines  into  small  rectangles  or  sections,  representing  the 
proportion  of  wage-earners  in  each  specified  occui^ation 
as  numl)('red  and  described  below  the  square.  Under 
the  grand  grouj)  of  agricultural  jnirsuits,  (1 )  rej)resents 
agricultural  laborers;  {'2)  farmers,  planters,  and  over- 
seers; (3)  all  others.  The  grand  group  leprescnting 
professional  service  is  subdivided  in  a  similai-  maimer 
into  small  rectangles  or  sections,  showing  the  propor- 
tion of  (1)  clergymen;  (2)  lawyers;  (3)  physicians;  (4) 
teachers;  (5)  all  others.  The  othei-  grand  groups  are 
divided  in  a  similar  manner. 

This  diagram  shows  that  the  native  white  of  native 
parents,  with  13,875,329,  had  the  largest  proportion  of 
wage-earners  (-1:7.7  per  cent);  the  foreign  white,  with 
5,736,818  (19.8  per  cent);  the  native  white  of  foreign 
parents,  with  5,300,92-1:  (18.2  per  cent);  and  the  colored, 
with  -I:,  160, 162  (11:. 3  per  cent),  following  in  order.  The 
colored  show  the  largest  proportion  engaged  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits  (53. (»  j)er  cent),  and  the  foi-cign  white  the 


smallest  (18.7  per  cent).  In  pi()fessit)nal  service  the 
native  white  of  native  parents  had  the  largest  propor- 
tion (5.8  per  cent),  and  the  colored  the  smallest  (1.2  per 
cent).  The  colored  also  had  the  largest  proportion 
employed  in  domestic  and  jiersonal  service  (33.1  per 
cent),  and  the  native  white  of  native  parents  the  smallest 
(13.3  percent).  In  trade  and  transportation  the  native 
white  of  foreign  parents  foi-med  the  largest  proportion 
(23.1  per  cent),  and  the  colored  the  smallest  (5.1  per 
cent),  while  in  manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits 
the  foreign  white  had  the  largest  proportion  (37.8  per 
cent),  and  the  colored  the  smallest  (7.0  per  cent).  Taking 
up  each  element  of  the  population  iu  order,  it  will  be 
noted  that  the  native  white  of  native  parents  had  the 
largest  proportion  engaged  in  professional  service  and 
the  smallest  proportion  in  domestic  and  personal  serv- 
ice; the  native  white  of  foreign  parents  the  largest 
pi'oportion  engaged  in  trade  and  transportation;  the 
foreign  white  the  largest  proportion  engaged  in  manu- 
facturing and  mechanical  pursuits,  and  the  smallest 
proportion  in  agriculture;  the  colored  the  largest  pro- 
portion engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  domestic 
and  personal  service,  and  the  smallest  proportion  in 
professional  service,  trade  and  transportation,  and 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits. 

Plate  88  represents  the  proportion,  by  general  nativ- 
ity and  race,  of  persons  engaged  in  the  principal  occu- 
pations in  I'.tOO.  The  total  length  of  the  bar  represents 
loo  per  cent,  and  the  portions  colored  the  percentage  of 
each  of  the  five  elements  engaged  in  the  grand  grou])or 
specified  occupation  represented.  The  bars  are  arranged 
in  five  groups,  the  first  bar  of  each  group  representing 
the  proportion  of  each  element  for  the  grand  group, 
followed  l)y  the  bars  for  certain  specified  occujKitions  of 
that  group.  The  percentage  of  each  element  in  all  occu- 
pations is  indicated  on  the  first  bar,  the  native  white  of 
native  parents  showing  the  largest  prt)portiou,  47.7  per 
cent,  followed  by  the  foreign  white,  with  19.8  per  cent; 
the  native  white  of  foreign  parents,  with  IS. 2  per  cent; 
the  negro,  with  13.7  per  cent;  and  the  Chinese,  Japa- 
nese, and  Indians,  with  0.6  per  cent.  The  native  white  of 
native  parents  predominated  in  agricultural  jnirsuits, 
professional  service,  and  in  trade  and  transportation, 
forming  more  than  half  of  tiie  wage-earnei's  in  each  of 
these  groujis.  In  iloiuestic  and  pei-sonal  service,  and 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  })ursuits  the  proportion 
of  the  other  elements  combined  is  greater,  althougli  the 
native  wiiite  of  native  parents  formed  the  largest  j)ro- 
portion  in  eacli  of  the  princij)al  occupation  groups.  In 
professional  service  it  will  be  noted  that  the  proportion 
of  native  white  of  native  parents  is  much  larger  tiian  for 
any  other  race  or  nativity,  as  they  formed  ()4.  L  per  cent 
of  the  total,  75.5  percent  of  the  lawyers,  73. 7  per  cent  of 
the  physicians  and  surgeons,  65.  (i  per  cent  of  the  teachers 
anrl  professors  in  colleges  and  universities,  and  5;.'. 4  jier 
cent  of  the  clergymen.  The  foreign  white  and  the 
iiati\-e  white  of  foreign  parents  forrufnl  together  a  rela 


POPULATION. 


55 


tivply  small  proportion  of  wago-oiirnprs  in  aoriniltural 
l)iir.siiits  and  pi'ofessional  .service,  but  in  manufacturing  j 
and  mechanical  pursuits  they  were  the  leading  element.  | 
The  large  proportion  they  formed  of  tailors  and  tai- 
loresses  (cSO.l  per  cent)  is  especially  noticeable.  These 
two  elements  also  formed  the  largest  percentage  of  the 
p(>rsons  employed  in  domestic  and  ])ersonal  service. 
The  largest  proportion  (2H.t)  i)er  cent)  of  the  negroes 
will  he  noted  in  domestic  and  personal  .service,  and  espe- 
cinllv  in  the  occujjation  of  launderers  and  laundresses, 
in  which  they  formed  57. 0  per  cent  of  the  workers. 

Plates  92  and  98  represent.  I>y  the  different  colors  on 
each  bar,  the  jjroportion  of  persons  engaged  in  each  of 
seven  classes  of  occupations  in  llMtO  and  1890,  by  states 
and  territories,  arranged  in  order  of  the  percentage  of 
])ersons  employed  in  ugi'iculture.  Comparisons  may  be 
drawn  from  these  two  diagrams  as  to  increases  or 
decreases  in  the  proportions  of  persons  engaged  in  the 
several  occupation  classes  shown. 

AOKICULTURAL    PURSUITS. 

In  1900  Mississijipi  had  the  largest  percentage  (76.0 
percent)  of  persons  employed  in  agriculture.  Oklahoma 
and  Arkansas  following  with  over  70  per  cent. 

The  dark  shades  on  cartognim  1,  Plate  91.  indicate 
the  regions  where  agricultural  pursuits foinied  the  prin- 
cipal occupation  of  wage-earners  in  190<i.  This  indu.s- 
try  was  of  great  importance  in  nesirly  every  state,  but 
especially  so  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  South  Central 
divisions,  and  North  and  South  Dakota,  where  the 
greatest  proportion  of  wageearnin-s  was  engaged  in 
agriculture.  Plates  92  and  93  show  that  most  of  the 
states  have  changed  their  positions  since  1890,  due  to 
slight  decreases  in  thi^  ])ropf)rtioii  of  persons  engaged 
in  this  pursuit. 

MANUFACTURINO    AND    MECHAMCAI.    I'URSLITS. 

In  the  North  Atlantic  states  (except  Vermont).  Dela- 
ware, and  Ohio,  manufactures  was  the  most  important 
industry,  as  shown  by  the  proportion  of  persons  engaged 
therein. 

Cartogram  2,  Plate  91,  repi-esents  the  proportion  of 
wage-earners  employed  in  manufacturing  and  mechan- 
ical pursuits  to  all  wage-earners  in  1900.  Rhode  Island, 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut;  and  New  Haiupshire  had 
the  greatest  percentage  of  persons  engaged  in  the.se  in- 
dustries, over  two-tifthsof  all  the  >vage-earners  in  these 
states  having  been  employed  in  this  class  of  occupations. 
This  indu.stry  was  also  of  great  importance  in  New  Jer- 
sej-,  New  York,  Pemisylvania,  and  Delaware,  over  30 
per  cent  of  their  wage-earners  following  manufacturing 
pursuits.  Plates  92  and  93  show  that  the  proportion 
of  wage-earners  engaged  in  manufacturing  pursuits  in 
the  Southern  states  was  very  small,  although  it  has 
increased  since  1890  in  certain  .states  of  the  South  At- 
lantic division. 


.MINING    AND   CiUARRTINC. 

In  Alaska.  Montana.  Arizona.  Nevada.  Colorado,  and 
Idaho  mining  and  quarrying  was  an  important  indiis 
try  in  1900. 

Cartograiu  3.  Plate  91.  indicates  that  this  class  of  oc- 
cupation was  an  important  one  in  the  Western  division. 
This  industry  was  also  of  consequence  in  Pennsylvania 
and  West  Virginia. 

IISHINC. 

In  1900  Alaska  letl  in  tiie  proportion  of  persons  en- 
gaged in  fishing.  For  continental  l'nit(>d  States,  Mary- 
land had  the  largest  proportion  of  ])ersons  engaged  in 
this  industry. 

TRADE    AND    TRANSPORTATION. 

Nearly  every  state  and  territory  shows  a  consider- 
able ptMcenlage  of  persons  engaged  in  trade  and  trans- 
portation. 

Cartogram  4.  Plate  91,  represents,  by  shades  of  color, 
the  states  and  territories  having  the  largest  proportion 
of  persons  engaged  in  occupations  connected  with  trade 
and  transportation,  and  evidences  the  fact  that  it  was  of 
imi)ortance  in  all  the  states,  except  a  few  in  the  South 
Atlantic  and  South  Central  divisions. 

DOMESTIC   AND    PERSONAL   SERVICE. 

The  District  of  Columbia.  Alaska,  and  Maryland  had 
a  larger  proportion  of  wage-earners  employed  in  do- 
mestic and  personal  .service  than  in  any  other  class  of 
occupations. 

Cartogram  5,  Plate  91.  represents  the  proportion  of 
persons  engaged  in  domestic  and  personal  service.  The 
lieaviest  shade,  indicating  the  largest  proportion  of 
persons  engaged  in  this  chiss  of  occupations,  is  found  in 
every  division,  the  Western  division  showing  a  large 
proportion  in  each  state. 

PKOKES.SIONAI.    SERVICE. 

The  number  of  persons  employed  in  professional 
service  formed  a  very  small  proportion  of  the  wage- 
earners  in  each  state. 

On  cartogram  (i,  Plate  91,  illustrating  the  proportion 
of  persons  engaged  in  this  service,  the  heaviest  shade  is 
scattered  over  th(>  entire  United  States,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  South  Central  division,  most  of  the  states  in 
the  South  Atlantic  and  South  Central  divisions  .showing 
a  very  small  proportion  of  wage-eai'neis  employed  in 
professional  service. 

DISTRIBUTION    BY    PARENTAGE. 

The  series  of  diagrams  on  Plates  94,  9.5,  and  96  rep- 
resent the  distribution  of  wage-earners  of  specified 
parentage  by  their  principal  occupations  in  1900.  and 


56 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


show  the  peroentag-e  of  wag-e-earners  of  native,  foi'eig-n. 
and  negro  parentage,  also  by   jiarentage    for   eertiiin 
specified  nativities.     Diagrams  1.  S,  and  5  on  Plate  9i 
indicate  the  principal  occupations  of  persons  of  native, 
foreign,  and  negro  parentage.     The  leading  occupations 
for  each  of  these  elements  were  connected  with  agricul- 
ture.    Nearly  45  per  cent  of  the  wage-earners  of  native 
parents  were  farmers,  planters,  and  overseers,  and  agri- 
cultui-al  lal)orers;  only  11.7  per  cent  of  persons  of  for- 
eign parentage  were  fanners,  planters,  and  overseers, 
and  7.2  per  cent  agricultural  laborers.     The  negroes, 
however,  had  a  far  larger  proportion  in  agricultural 
occupations  than  either  of  the  other  elements,  53.7  per 
cent  of  the  negro  wage-earners  following  these  pursuits. 
The  Norwegians  (diagram  1.  Plate  ^5);  Danes  (diagram 
3,  Plate  tt5);  Bohemians  (diagram  6,  Plate  ftfi):  Swedes 
(diagram  5,  Plate  95);  and  Germans  (diagram  -1, 1'late  'M) 
had  the  largest  proportions  of  wage-earners  employed 
in  agriculture,  the  Norwegians  leading  with  -17.0  per 
cent  of  this  element,  the  Danes  coming  next  with  3'.».2 
per  cent,  the  Bohemians  with  30.1  per  cent,  tlic  Swedes 
with  27.2  per  cent,  and  the  Germans  with  24.2  per  cent. 
These  diagrams  are  very  interesting  in   showing  the 
occupations  followed  by  foreign  immigrants  and  their 
children.     A  close  study  of  the  diagrams  will  show  that 
of  those  persons  of  foreign  jmrentage  the  Germans  (dia- 
gram 4,  Plate  f»-t);  French  (diagram  6,  Plate  94);  Scan- 
dinavians  (diagrams    1,    3,   and  5,  Plate  95);   English 
Canadians  (diagram  2,  Plate  95);    British  (diagram  (3, 
Plate  95);    and  Bohemians  (diagram  6,  Plate  96)  had 
larger  proportions  of  their  wage-earners  engaged  as 
farmers,  planters,  and  overseers,  than  were  omploved 
in  any  other  detailed  occupation,  although  the  number 
engaged  in  agriculture  was  relatively  small  as  compared 
with  those  of  native  and  negro  parentage.     The  Irish 
(diagram  2,  Plate  94)  showed  a  larger  percentage  of 
laborers  not  specified,  and  servants  and  waiters  than 
that  of  any  other  occupation.     The  French  (anadians 
(diagram  4,  Plate  96)  attracted  by  the  cotton   mills  of 
New   England,  had  a  large  proportion  of    cotton-mill 
operatives.     The  Austrians,    Hungarians,    Poles,    and 
Italians  (diagrams  1,  2.  3,  and  5,  Plate  96)  showed  large 
percentages  of  laborers  not  specified,  and  miners  and 
quarrymen.     The  Itussians  (diagram  4, 1'late  iW,)  showed 
the  largest  percentage  employed  as  tailors  and  tailoresses. 

Families. 

Family,  as  a  census  term,  may  stand  for  a  group  of 
individuals  who  occupy  jointly  a  dwelling  ])lace  or  part 
of  a  dwelling  place,  or  for  .■iii  individual  living  alone  in 
any  place  of  abode. 

The  following  table,  lakeii  from  Twelfth  C(>nsus, 
Volume  II,  page  clviii,  gives  the  population,  number  of 
families,  and  the  mmiber  of  persons  to  a  family  at  each 
census  from  l.sno  to  1900: 


CENSUS. 

population. 

Total 
families. 

Persons 

to  a 
family. 

1900,  entire  area  of  enumerHtion 

1900,  continental  United  States 

1890 

IHSO 

1870 

1360 

1850 

76, 303,  .W/ 
75, 994,  .575 
62,  622, 260 
50,155,783 
38, 558, 371 
'27,489,561 
'19,987,563 

16,239,797 
16,187,715 
12, 690, 152 
9,945,916 
7, 579, 363 
'5,210,931 
'3,598,240 

4.7 
4.7 
4.9 
5.0 
5.1 
'5.3 
'5.6 

'  Families  returned  for  free  population  only. 

I 

Diagram  1,  Plate  97,  represents,  by  the  length  of  its 
bars,  the  average  number  of  persons  to  a  family  at  each 
census  from  1850  to  1900,  as  given  in  the  preceding 
table.  No  reliable  data  could  be  obtained  in  regard  to 
the  size  of  families  for  the  censuses  prior  to  1850,  and 
for  1850  and  1860  the  data  are  for  free  population 
only.  In  1850  the  average  size  of  a  family  was  5.6; 
since  then  it  has  steadily  diminished,  until  at  the  census 
of  1900  it  was  4.7,  a  decrea.se  of  16.1  per  cent  in  the 
past  fifty  3'ears. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  97,  shows  theaverage  number  of  per- 
sons to  a  pri\'ate  family  in  each  state  and  territory  in  1900. 
Texas  leads  with  an  average  of  5.1  persons  to  a  family, 
with  North  Carolina,  Indian  Territory,  and  AV^est  Vir- 
ginia closely  following;  Alaska,  with  only  3,3  persons 
to  a  family,  has  the  lowest  average.  It  will  be  noted  on 
this  iliagram,  also  on  Plate  98.  that  the  Southern  states 
had  the  largest  families  and  Maine,  New  Hampshire, 
Vermont,  and  the  far  Western  states,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  Utah,  the  smallest,  Nevada  having  the  .small- 
est a\  erage  of  iiny  state  or  territory  appearing,  except 
Alaska. 

Plate  98  shows  the  average  size  of  private  families  at 
the  Twelfth  Census  in  detail,  as  in  preparing  the  map 
the  county  has  been  taken  as  the  unit,  the  average  size 
of  a  family  computed  in  eacii,  the  counties  arranged  in 
five  groups  and  colored  in  difl'erent  shades,  the  lightest 
tint,  group  i,  representing  those  counties  where  the 
average  number  of  persons  to  a  family  was  less  than  4, 
and  the  heaviest  shade,  group  v,  where  the  average 
number  of  jjersons  to  a  family  was  5.5  or  more.  The 
largest  areas  of  group  i  are  found  in  New  Hampshire, 
Vermont,  New  York,  the  southern  part  of  ^Michigan, 
and  the  far  West,  while  large  areas  of  group  r  are 
found  in  Texas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Kentucky, 
West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Utah,  and  a  few  scat- 
tered counties  in  Michigan,  Minnesota,  North  Dakota 
and  South  Dakota. 

Proprietorship  of  Homes. 

Plate  99  represents  the  proportion  of  hom(>s  owned 
free,  owned  eiuaunbered,  and  hired  in  lltoo.  With  the 
exception  of  Alaska.  New  Mexico  had  the  largest  pro- 
portion of  homes  owned  free  and  the  District  of  Co- 
luml)ia  tlie  smallest;  with  the  exception  of  Hawaii  and 


POPULATION. 


Alaska,  the  Di.strict  of  Columbia  had  the  larj^cst  propor- 
tion of  hired  lioiiies  and  North  Dakota  the,  .smallest. 
Wisconsin,  Vermont,  and  Michigan  showed  the  largest 
percentage  of  homes  owned  encumbered  and  Indian 
Territory  the  smallest,  the  perecintage  for  Alaska 
lieing  too  small  to  be  represented  on  the  diagram. 
Comparing  the  states  liy  geographical  divisions,  the 
Western.  di\ision  iiad  the  largest  percentage  of  homes 
owned  free  and  the  North  Atlantic  the  smallest.  The 
states  of  the  North  Atlantic  division  had  the  largest 
proportion  of  hired  homes  and  those  of  the  North  Cen- 
tral division  the  smallest.  The  North  Central  division  -i 
had  the  largest  ])roportion  of  homes  owned  encumbered 
and  the  South  Central  the  smallest. 

Plate  !(»(•  lepi'esents  the  proportion  of  farm  homes 
owned  free,  owned  encumbered,  and  hired  in  1900. 
New  Mexico,  with  86.9  per  cent,  led  in  the  percent-  I 


age  of  farm  homes  owned  free,  with  Arizona.  I'lah, 
and  Alaska  closelv  following.  Indian  'I'erritorv  showintr 
the  smallest  percentage  {■2n.'^).  .Michigan.  Wisconsin, 
and  Vermont,  in  the  order  named,  had  the  largest 
proportion  of  farms  owned  encumbered,  while  New 
Mexico  and  Arizona  had  the  smallest,  except  Indian 
Territory,  the  pei'centage  for  which  was  too  small  to 
app(>ar  upon  the  diagram.  Indian  Territory.  Missis- 
sippi, and  South  Carolina  had  the  largest  proportion 
of  hired  farms  while  Maine  and  Ctah  had  smaller  pro- 
portions than  any  of  the  other  states.  Compared  by 
divisions,  the  Western  states  had  the  largest  propor- 
tion owned  free,  and  the  smallest  hired;  the  North  Cen- 
tral states  had  the  largest  proportion  owned  encum- 
bered, and  the  smallest  owned  free;  while  the  South 
Central  states  had  the  largest  proportion  hired,  i-.nd  the 
smallest  owned  encumbered. 


PLATE  No  I 


DIS'I'IUHITION  ()!••  Tin-:  POIT  LATK)  N  :    I790 


lUUUS  etENiC 


DISTUIIU'I'ION  Ol''    I'lll';  |H)l>ll,.vri().V:     IHOO. 


PLATE  No.  4 


DISTlUHrriON'  OK  TIIF.  Pnpri.ATinX  I'.AST   OF   Till'",    Mi()Tn  Mi.;j{ii)iAX:   1810. 


PLATE  No^  5 


DISTRIBUTIOX  OF  THE  POPULATION   I'.ASr   Ol'   THK    lOO  r."  MKHIDIAX  :    1820. 


DisjMUHL'TiON  oi'    Till-;  1 'oiM  i.A'ii  ()  N  ivVST  oi'   rill-;  loo'."  .\n-;Hii)i.\.\' :   laao. 


PLATE  No  6 


a-EMicaN  V 


Dis'i'iiiiuTioN  oi-    Tin;  I'oi'ii.ATiox  F..\sr  oi'  'I'lii';  KHim  Mi:mr)iAX :   laio 


PLATE  No  7 


99' 97' 


i«"  9]' 89^ «7" 


B'EsliC.t' 


PLATE  No.  8 


DIS'l'lilJiLTlON  0\<-  Till';  l'()l>ll,A'riON   H.\iiT   OF   THE   IOOt."  MKIUDIAX:    1650. 


PLATE  No   9 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  POPUI-ATION   ILAST   OK   THK   lOOT"  MHHIDIAN  :     1860 


DIS'l'Kim'TIOX  OF  riUi  POPrLATIOiV  (HI 


127*  125* 


123°  I2l» 


119-  117- 


nWr^^^JIJl 


US'  113- 


103-  I07°  105*  103* 


LITDING  INDIANS  NOT  Ti\X7':D  ):    1870 


PLATE  No.  10 


129'  127* 


CLHOING  INDIANS  NOT  T.\Xl':i)  ):    1880 


PLATE  No-  li 


79-  77- 


75-  73* 


US  SlEN  a  CO   t'TM  S 


DISTHIULTION  OK  Till';  POPULATION  (E 


Ll/niNG  INDIANS  NOT  T.\XED  ):iB90 


PLATE  No,  12 


US  BICN  A  CO  LITH 


I 


POPl'l.A'l'ION  :  19()() 


PLATE  No.  13 


US  QtEN  azo-t* 


PLATE  No,l4 


YEAR 
IS&O 


"T" 


— I — 


1890                         1900 
tiio 


INCItKASK  Ol'  l'()|>ri,.VI'l()N 

rNITi:i)    STATKS 

AN  DTHK 

I'lJINCII'AI.   COIN'l'HIl^S  Ol'   Isl'IfOPH 

FROM 

laooToiooo. 


1/ 
/ 


10 

h 
Z 
< 

I- 

< 

I 


m 
z 
o 


1900  I 


JULIUS  BIEN  i  ^O   LiTC  N  > 


PLATE  No.  15 


SKETCH  MAP 

SHOWING  THE 

CENTER   OF  POPULATION 

JUNE  1  ST  19  OO 

Compiled  "bv 
HENRV   GANNETT,    GEOGR.APHER 

Scale  of  miles 


JULIUS  B'EN  B  CO  LITM   N  Y 


PLATE  No  16 


PLATE  No,  17 


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ffl  K 


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D 

*  ; 

ID    

(0 

3 

T 

10         1 

N 

9 

a 

o . ^__H__     -_ 

ift  . czn . ^M^B — I —      ~ 


Vi 

w 
•J 
< 


PLATE  No   18 


TOTAL  POFITLATION  OF  EACH  STATE  AND  TERRITORY  AT  EACH  CENSUS. 


li 
I 


MAINE         MEW  HAMPSHIRE  VERMONT 

S  O  5  0  5 

511"™ "™   '^' 

—    I  P^ 


HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 
MASSACHUSETTS  RHODE  ISLAND  CONNECTICUT 

5  10  15  20  25  0  5  0  5 


NEW  YORK 
10  IS  2  0  25  30  35  'iO  -^5  50  5  5  60  6  5  7  0 


NEW  JERSEY 
O  5  10  15  20 


ml 


PENNSYLVANIA 
O  5  10  15  20  25  30  35  ^O  -^5  50  55  60 


DISTOF  COLUMBIA 


i 

,  1 

1 

'fftf 

iM 

ss 

Si 

ns 

ilUali       ' 

TTW 

C3 

TTT 

w 

»..IHHII|II 

ITLL 

ILll 

'   '    ; 

]  '■  I  i  M  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

1    1    1    1    1    1    [    1    1    1    1    1    1    1 

m 

S 

1^^ 

OS  O  5  10 


VIRGINIA  WEST  VIRGINIA  N   CAROLINA  S   CAROLINA 

>  10  15  O  5  10   O  5  10  15  O  5  10 


■ii* 


GEORGIA 
O  5  10  IS  20 


ill 


FLORIDA  ALABAMA 

0  5  0  3  10  IS 


I 
I 
I 

■  I 


■ 


MISSISSIPPI  LOUISIANA  TEXAS 

O  5  10  15  O  5  10  15  O  5  10  15  20  25  30 


KFNTUCKY  TENNESSEE 

0  5  10  15  20  O  5  10  15  20 


SE 


■ 


ARKANSAS 


INDIAN  TER.  OKLAHOMA 

O  5  0  5 


I 


JULIUS  B  I  EN  ft  CO  LITH   N  Y 


TOTAL  POPULATION  OF  EACH  STATE  AND  TERRITOK  Y  AT  PLVCH  CENSUS. 


HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


PLATE  No    19 


INDIANA  MICHIGAN 

O  5  10  15  20         25  O  5  10  15  20         25 


I 

I  I 


M 


O            5            10 

IS 

ILLINOIS 

20          25         30         35 

W13C0NS 
■♦0          -45            O              5             10 

IN                                                            MINNESOTA 
15          20                           0             5             10            15 

0 

5 

IOWA 
10          IS         20 

1810 
1820 
1830 
IB'.O 
1850 
I860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 

1 

tan 

Hi 

1 

1 

1 

■ 

■ 

iT  Ih 

. 

T^^^ 

'  ^^ 

VMM  ***f 

^p ' 

L  \Lmm 

TT 

1 

**]" 

' 

■MM 

I_^ 

■  lllll                          MMM 

-^ 

^*      J 

N.DAKOTA  S.DAKOTA 

0  5  0  5 


NEBRASKA 
O  5  10 


KANSAS  MONTANA  WYOMING  COLORADO 

OS  10  15  05  O  05 


1 


I 

1 
I 


NEW   MEXICO       ARIZONA  UTAH 


WASHINGTON  OREGON 


CALIFORNIA 


1840 

leso 

I860 
1870 
1890 
1900 


OS  OS  O  S  10  15 


M 


^ 

1 

! 

^^ 

.JULIUS  BIEH&CO.  LITH  N  Y, 


PLATE  No. 


PROPORTION'  OF  URBAN  TO  TOT^\L  POPUI^ATION.BY  STATE  SAND  TERRITORIE  S,  AT  KACII  CENSUS  . 


PER    CENT 


PER     CENT 


RHODE  rSLAND 


NEW  JERSEY 


CONNECTICUT 


MARYLAND 


MINNESOTA 


193C  ■ 

1S30  I 

1880  I 

187  0  1 

I860  I 

1SS0  I 


1630  m 
I&20  ^ 
1310    H 


19CC1  I 

1890  ^ 

IfiSO  p 

1670  I 

tS60  I 


MASSACHUSETTS 


1*90 
1880 
1870 
>B6  0 
1850 


19O0     p 
1890    ■ 

1850  m 


PENNSYLVANIA 


CALIFORNIA 


DELAWARE 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


1900 
1890 

1880 
1870 
1860 
I8i0 
1840 

ia20 

18'0 

1800 
1790 

1900 
1690 

laao 

1870 
1860 
I8SC- 
18*0 
1830 

1810 
1S0O 
1790 

.900 

1890 
1S80 
1870 
1860 

1900 
1690 
1880 
1870 
1660 
1850 
i&»o 

I90O 
1390 

;aao 

1870 

I860 
1850 

two 

1690 

leao 

1870 
1860 

tsso 

18-0 
1830 
1820 

19  SO 
1890 
1880 

1S90 

16«0 

1S60 

laso 

1&*C 

1900 

1890 
1880 

1870 
1860 

laso 

lft«0 

190C 
169C 
1880 
1870 
I860 

laso 

1900 

189  (J 
1880 
1970 

■    ■ 

— I — — 

1      ,      i 

"^ 

i 

J 

i 

■                 :                                   1 

=r 

■ 

1 

1 

! 

NEBRASKA 


:□ 


1680    to 

187  0     ^ 
1O60     to 


WEST  VIRGINIA 


S  CAROLINA 

leso 

1830 
1820 

ieoo 

1790 

ALABAMA 

1900 
1890 

laao 

1660 
185  0 

1900 

ARKANSAS 

1890 

leeo 

1870 

)9Q0 

N  CAROLINA 

laeo 

1870 
1860 

MISSISSIPPI 

IBOC 
1890 
1880 

Note-Sf-aU*^  and  territorte.s  hzL%'i7U^  urban  populiLtion  for  Uss 


JUUU5  3IEN  9C0.LITH   N 


R.VNK  OF  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES  II 


l|TH  CENSUS 
1890 


lOTH  CENSUS 


9"^,"  CENSUS 
870 


8''"  CENSUS 
I860 


7T.H  CENSUS 
1850 


NEW  yoRK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLINOIS 

OHIO 

MISSOURI 

TEXAS 

MASSACHUSETTS 

INDIANA 

MICHIGAN 

IOWA 

GEORGIA 

KENTUCKY 

WISCONSIN 

TENNESSEE 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

NEW  JERSEY 

VIRGINIA 

ALABAMA 

MINNESOTA 

MISSISSIPPI 

CALIFORNIA 

KANSAS 

LOUISIANA 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

ARKANSAS 

MARYLAND 

NEBRASKA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

CONNECTICLIT 

MAINE 

COLORADO 

FLORIDA 

WASHINGTON 

RHODE  ISLAND 

ORETSON 

NEW  HAMPSIHRE 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 

OKLAHOMA 

INDIAN  TERRITORY 

VERMONT 

NORTH  DAKOTA 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMB 

UTAH 

MONTANA 

NEW  MEXICO 

DELAWARE 

IDAHO 

HAWAII 

ARIZONA 

WYOMING 

ALASKA 

NEVADA 


'OPUIuATION  AT  EACH  CENSUS 


PLATE  No  21 


6TH  CENSUS 
1840 


5TH   CENSUS 
1830 


4-'.H  CENSUS 
1820 


3RD  CENSUS 
810 


2  NO  CENSUS 
1800 


1ST  CENSUS 
1790 

IJ^  VIRGINIA 


>  DISTRICT  OF  COLUMaiA 

MISSISSIPPI 
y  INDIANA 


^MASSACHUSETTS 

y  PENNSYLVANIA 

y  NEW  YORK 
Yy  NORTH  CAROLINA 
^  MARYLAND 

y  SOUTH  CAROLINA 
jy  CONNECTICUT 

y  NEW  JERSEY 

>NEW  HAMPSIHRE 

y  GEORGIA 

y  RHODE  ISLAND 

y  DELAWARE 


ULtUS  etCM  A  CO  LITH  N.V. 


RANK  OF  THE  MOST  POPULOUS 


I2T"  CENSUS 
1900 


IITH  CENSUS 
1890 


lOT.M  CENSUS 
1880 


9T.H  CENSUS 
870 


7T.H  CENSUS 
I8S0 


NEW  YORK 

CHICAGO 

PHILADELPHIA 

ST.  LOUIS 

BOSTON 

BALTIMORE 

CLEVELAND 

BUFFALO 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

CINCINNATI 

PITTSBURG 

NEW  ORLEANS 

DETROIT 

MILWAUKEE 

WASHINGTON 

NEWARK 

JERSEY  CITY 

LOUISVILLE 

MINNEAPOLIS 

PROVIDENCE 

INDIANAPOLIS 

KANSAS  CITY 

ST  PAUL 

ROCHESTER 

DENVER 

TOLEDO 

ALLEGHENY 

COLUMBUS 

WORCESTER 

SYRACUSE 

NEW  HAVEN 

PATERSON 

FALL  RIVER 

STJOSEPH 

OMAHA 

LOS  ANGELES 

MEMPHIS 

SCRANTON 

LOWELL 

ALBANr 

CAMBRIDGE 

PORTLAND,  OREGON 

ATLANTA 

GRAND  RAPIDS 

DAYTON 

RICHMOND 

NASHVILLE 

SEATTLE 

HARTFORD 

READING 


lli:S  A|-  KACH  CKNSUS 


PLATE  No  22 


6TH  CENSUS 
1840 


5TH  CENSUS 
1830 


4T.H  CENSUS 
1820 


3RD  CENSUS 
1810 


2ND  CENSUS 
1800 


^  NEW  YORK 

^PmIUOELPMIA 
y BOSTON 
^CHARLESTON 
y  BALTIMORE 
^NORTHERN    LIBERTIES 
y  SALEM 
y  NEWPORT 
y  PROVIDENCE 
SOUTHWARK 

>marblehe:ad 


y  NEW  ORLEANS 
X^SZ^  GLOUCESTER 


3  READING 


>  READING 


juuos  Biert  j,  co-lithny 


PLATE  No  23 


1790 

leoo 
leio 

1820 
1830 
JS'.O 
1850 
I8S0 
1870 
1880 
1830 
1900 


TOTAL  roiTL AT  ION  OF  GREAT  CiTIKSAT  EACH  CENSUS. 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 
NEW  YORK 
10  15  20  ZS  30  35 


1 

1 

1 

1      t 

1            1            1 

CMtCAGO 
10 


PHILADELPHIA 


1790 
1800 
1810 
1820 
1830 
1840 
1850 
1860 
I870 
1880 
1880 
1900 


^* 


**^ 


iid. 


I 

I 

■ 


0 

5 

1790 

1800 

1 

1810 

■ 

1820 

■ 

1830 

■ 

le^o 

I8S0 

■ 

I860 

m 

IS80 

■TT^ 

1890 

1900 

■■ 

^^■■■H 

CLEVELAND 

3 

aUTFALO 
0 

SAN 
0 

FRANCISCO                 CINCINNATI 
0 

PITTSBURG 
0 

NEW 
0 

ORLEANS            DETROIT 
0 

MILWAUKEE 
0 

1  ! 

r 

1 

;     ' 

■ 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

■1 

■           1 

1 

1 

1 

^ 

a 

: 

I 

■ 

■ 

I 

1 

■■ 

■ 

^ 

1 

■ 

■ 

"H" 

^^ 

1              ', 

1 

■ 

WASHINGTON  NEWARK         JERSEY  CITY     LOUISVILLE    MINNEAPOLIS    PROVIDENCE    INDIANAPOLIS    KANSAS  CITY,  MO      ST  PAUL 


ROCHESTER         DENVER  TOLEDO 

0  0  0 


1790 
1800 
1810 
1820 
1830 
1840 
1850 
I860 
1870 
1880 
1880 
1900 


1                       1 

— 1 

:i 

1 

j 

\  ' " 

1                    1    1 

1     1 

1 

1 

I  1        1         ■ 

1     I 

i 

■ 

1 

1 

■                 ■ 

1    1 

■ 

i 

■ 

1 

I 

1 

■■                     ^ 

■ 

1 

i 

■ 

■  1                1                   . 

1 

1 

^^^1                  ^^ 

■i 

•    ■ 

* 

■  j 

■ 

! 

-1                -1 

1         ■ 

■ 

^.  E 

■     ■ 

m  :           ■ 

^ 

■ 

^     t 

. 

^          ^ 

1           L  J 

ALLEGHENY     COLUMBUS      WORCESTER     SYRACUSE       NEW  HAVEN      PATEBSON      FALL  RIVER      ST.JOSEPH  OMAM*  LOS  ANGELES       MEMPHIS        SCRANTON 

0000  00000000 


1790 

i 

1 

'      ' 

1800 

1 

' 

1810 

1       1 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1 

1850 

1 

1 

1    .     . 

1 

1 

1 

I860 

1     < 

1 

■  !   ! 

1 

1 

1 

I 

IB70 

■   ' 

I 

■  {   ' 

■ 

■ 

■ 

1 

1 

1 

!■ 

I   1 

1880 

1 

■ 

■ . 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

I 

■ 

1 

■ 

■  1 

1890 

■ 

B' 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■• 

■            ■ 

■  , 

■ 

1900 

Lm 

■ 

Lb 

\^ 

Lm 

^ 

■i 

■i 

^ 

Mi 

M 

^ 

JULIUS  BlENiCO  LlTM.  N  V. 


PLATE  No  2 


1  TOTAL  AND  URBAN  POPULATION  BY  STATES  AJSTD  TERRITOBIESllOOG. 

THE  BLA(n<^  PORTION  TS  U>iBAN. 


MILLIONS 


NEW  YORK 
PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLINOIS 
OHIO 

MISSOURI 
TEXAS 

MASSACHUSETTS 
INDIANA 
MICHIGAN 
IOWA 
GEORGIA 
KENTUCKY 
WISCONSIN 
TENNESSEE 
N   CAROLINA 
NEW  JERSEY 
VIRGINIA 
ALABAMA 
MINNESOTA 
MISSISSIPPI 
CALIFORNIA 
KANSAS 
LOUISIANA 
S.CAROLINA 
ARKANSAS 
MARYLAND 
NEBRASKA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
CONNECTICUT 
MAINE 
COLORADO 
FLORIDA 
WASHINGTON 
RHODE   ISLAND 
OREGON 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
S.DAKOTA 
OKLAHOMA 
INDIAN  TER 
VERMONT 
N.DAKOTA 
DlST  OF  COLUMSIA 
UTAH 
MONTANA 
NEW   MEXICO 
DELAWARE 
IDAHO 
HAWAII 
ARIZONA 
WYOMING 
ALASKA 
NEVADA 


^^ 


■rm 


DEXSITY  <  »F  Vi  UTLATH  )XBY  STATES  ANTi  TKURIT*  HtlES:  ID*  )0. 

NUMBER  OF  PERSONS  TO  A  SQUARE  MILE 
O  25  50  75  100         125         ISO        17  5         200        225        2  SO        275        300       325       350        37  5      ft-OQ        '*2b 


RHODE  ISLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  JERSEY 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW   YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MARYLAND 

OHIO 

DELAWARE 

ILLINOIS 

INDIANA 

KENTUCKY 

TENNESSEE 

VIRGINIA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MISSOURI 

S.CAROLINA 

MtCHIGAN 

IQWA 

N.CAROLINA 

WEST   VIRGINIA 

WISCONSIN 

VERMONT 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

ARKANSAS 

HAWAII 

MAINE 

MINNESOTA 

KANSAS 

NEBRASKA 

INDIAN  TER 

TEXAS 

OKLAHOMA 

FLORIDA 

CALIFORNIA 

WASHINGTON 

S  DAKOTA 

COLORADO 

N.DAKOTA 

OREGON 

UTAH 

IDAHO 

MONTANA 

NEW   MEXICO 

ARIZONA 
WYOMING 

NEVADA 
ALASKA 


3 .  T(  )TAL  P(  >rUL.\Tr(  )X  <  )F  ( 'ITIES  <  )E  Mi  »KE 
TITAX  K  »().00( )  INILUnT.VNTS:iOO( ». 


us  mtNaco  lith.ny 


HT  115"  113-  nr  J09»  107°  10s*  loa*  lor  99* 


PLATE  No.25 


USBiCH  ft  caH,r, 


PLATE  No.25 


]>MNSITY  OF  INCREASE  OF  POPULA'l'lON 

or  tlie 

UNITED   STATES 

1890tol9()0 


Compiled  by 
HENRY    0.-\NNtETT.    GEC 


OGRAPHER 


LIUS  eiEr*  3  CO.  N.T. 


PLATE  No  26 


JULIUS  ai EM  ACO  LITH.N  Y 


PLATE  No.27 


/ 


],DKNSIT\'  OK  POHILATION:  IIXH.) 

_____ 

i  I        "OAK       1  /i 

i  '  I         "*N«-        \     HO    \     /-''  A--        \„Ak 

1— ~|  Less  than  two  i 1  ^  to  6  lo  a  samilr      ^S  6  to  lU  to  a  su  nuW 

'— '  to  a  sq.  mi  le  ' —  '  •  ^i^  i 


2.l'K01><>ltTI(>N  OK  IKHAN  TO  TOTAL  P()Pn^TION;i90O 


°".., 


fr 


'-—.1    «"     '.J- /     ;,..;...- A^. 


V 


[       [  Leas  Uian  one  per  cpnl  I      HI  tulOperccni  m  lOtoZS  per  cent 

BH  25 10  30  per  rem         ^B  ^l'*'''*^''^ '"^'^  over 


a.PROPOKTION  OF  INCREASE  OF  TOTAL  POPULATK  IN  :  1H90  TO  WOO 


/■     "'"o.  ,' 


-J     ^  "Obt 


,1  J. 


;        (    ""i-     /       '-, i      " 


\ 


?  .?""--=f-^-.-- 


l^.. 


V«: 


--"x 


■v'5 


.— f'v 


/    :  ^ 


M 


■1. PROPORTION  OF 
WHITES  OF  FOREIGN-  PARENTAGE  TO  TOTAL  POPULATION:1900 


^    1 


j^^^Uft-rpase  |_    _J  Less  Uian  lOperceni.  .^^|10tu2b))erceiu 

BW  25  to  50  per  cent  F      1  50  p»»r  cent  anU  over 


i       1  Lf^ss  ihan  two  per  cent.  [       |  'J  lo  10  per  cent 
■■25to50  HB50to7.~> 


1 10to25percenl 
1 75  per  cent  and  ovev 


5 .  DENSITY  OF  rSCREASE  OF  POPULATION  :  1890  TO  1900 


GNIMFRK  Al.  (IAIN  OR  LOSS  IN  FOREIGN  B0RN:i900 


/    *■'.,'' 


M  DAM 


•0» 


MINN. 


t,..\ 


-^    ,,     ,.0,        /'^5 


^XV'-^-^--" 


-x5> 


^ 


[       ]  5  u>  H)  tt)  a  stj  mile      |^|  10  lo  25  lo  a  sq  mile         ■■  -">  'U'tl  "'^'Pr 


•-°"}^ 


^ 


^     ;        J     ^ — ^-A-.»|...;"  V 


^' 


■--»v-'5 


H 


[ nN\imehcal  loss 

IZZl  •  iain 


15"  113-  nr  109-  107°  :os*  loa*  lor  99* 


Theabscncoofcoloriiidicalos  ana^^regate 
populaUon  ofless  Uicui  2  mbabilanls  toasquarc  mile 

L__ _J ntrz^zr 


PLATE  No  28 


96*  33"  ar 


;:ci 


PROPORTION  OF  INCREASE  OFTOTAl ,  POPl -I  ATION 
lH90tol900 
Compiled  bv 
HENRV    G^\N'NETT.    Gp:OGR.\PHEH. 


UUS  BIEK  «  CO  LITM  N  -I 


129-  127" 

7 


.::i-  ii: 


17"  115°  113-  ni"  JOS'  IIJ?"  ins*  ]a3*  101- 


Th«'  alisomt'oreuloiiinlicaU'sana^fiixg.iti 
popuUiUo[ioflebsthaii2inhabilaiilstOdbqii.m  nnli 


PLATE  No  29 


JULtUS  eiEN  6  CO.  N.V. 


PLATE  No   30 


ACiK  AN!)  si':x,  IN  I'KKi  i;N'rACiKs  oi'  i:a<ii  i:i,i:mkn  r  <iv  riii:  pof'i-i.atiox 


100  AND  OVER 
95-39 
90  -94 
85  89 
80  84 
75-  79 
70  -  74 
65  -  69 
60  -64 
55-  59 
50-  64 
♦S  -  49 
40  -  44 
36  -  39 
30-34 
2S-29 
20  -  24 

15  -    19 

10  -  14 
5  -  9 
0  -     5 


I'.IMI  I 


lOIAI.  I'ol'ri.ATloN 


A 

r^ 

1 

\ 

n, 

1 

1 

1 

.<o 

d* 

\/ 

v"^ 

1 

1 

V 

vt 

T- 

1 

■^ 

^ 

1 

^    1 

tt 


I88() 


A 


'7 


^ 


PER    CENT 


100  AND  OVER 
85-99 
90  -94 
85  -  89 
80  84 
75-  79 
70  -  74 
65  -  69 
60  -64 
55  59 
60-54 
45-49 
40-44 
36  -  39 
30-34 
2S  -29 
20  -24 

15-    19 

10  -  14 
5-9 
0-6 


19()() 


,r 

I 
r 

i, 

h 

,  1 

r^ 

— 

— 

<& 

, 

..«■ 

J 

V- 

1 

, 

<^ 

_j. 

_5_ 

wiii'i'i:  I'oiTi.A'noN 
lasK) 


♦  2024-6 

PER     CENT 


1880 


ik 


lt: 


;         0         2        4-        e 

PER    CENT 


100  AND  OVER 

95 

-99 

90 

-94 

65 

-  89 

80 

-84 

75 

-  79 

70 

74 

65 

-69 

60 

-64 

55 

■  59 

50 

-54 

45 

49 

40 

44 

35 

-  39 

30 

-34 

25 

-  29 

20 

-24 

15 

-   19 

10 

-   14 

5 

-     9 

0 

-     5 

I<)()() 


COl.oK'i:))  I'OITI.AIIOX 
I!U)() 


r 


E^W^ 


-?^'— 7 


18 

I 

1 

80 

[ 
] 

1 

r 

1 

1 

i 

4> 

1        c. 

; 

1 

V 

1 

jV- 

.1 

*"    1 

>^ 

( 

1 

E  «  2  0  2  4-6 

PER    CENT 


8  6  4  2  0  2 

PER    CENT 


JUUl^S  BiEN  «  CO  LITH  r*  V 


PLATE  No   31 


A(iE   y\ND    S1-;X,  1>-    PEIM' t;XTAC.i-;  S    OF  EAdl   ]•:  I.KMKXT   OF    IMF   POI'FL-\TrON 


too  AND  OVER 
95  -  99 
90-94 
8S-89 
80  -84 
75  -  79 
70  -  74 
65  -  69 
50  -64 
55  -  59 
50  -  54 
45  -  49 
40-44 
35  -  39 
30-34 
25  -29 
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50  -  54 
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35  -  39 
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LiyS  BIEN  A  CO   LIT" 


PLATE  No.  32 


LACK  AM)    SKX,  IN    I'KKCKX'IAOKS   (JK  KAfH   KI.KMEXT  OF  THE   I^OPTILATION 


nativt:  wTirrr:  ok  fohkion  PAifKXTS 


(00  AND  OVER 
95-  99 
90  -94 
85  -89 
80  84 
75  -  79 
70  -  74 
66  -69 
60-64 
56  -  59 
50  -  64 
45  -  49 
40-44 
36-  39 
30-34 
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20  -24 
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1900 


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PER    CENT 


PER    CENT 


2.  CONJUGAL  CONDITION:  1900 


TOTAL  POPULATION 


Ml  LLI  O  NS 


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NATIVK   \VH1  ll'!   OK  XATIVK    IWRENTS 


20  24 


SINGLE 
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N.vi'n'K  whitp:  ok  fokm-mcin  pahknts 

4  8 


SINGLE 

MARRIED 
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SINGLE 
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KOKKKiX  WIIITH 

4 


XK(VKO 


JUUUS  BIEM  ft  CO   LITH  K 


AGGREGATE  POPULATION  BY  AGE  AND  SKX:  1900 


PLATE  No. 


AGES 
80  -  90 

70  -80 
60-70 
SO  -  60 
40  -50 
30  -40 
20  -  30 
I  O  -  20 
0-10 
PER   CENT         15  10  5  0  5  10  15 


90  -90 
70  -  80 
60-70 
50  -60 
40  -  50 
30  -40 
20  -30 

10-20 

0-10 
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JULIUS  HI  EN  aco  un 


AG(il{J^(;ATi';  I'Ol'L'LA'l'lO.X  JiVAGK  AM)  SI'-.X:  1<)00 


PLATE  No.  34 


AGES 
60-90 
70  -80 
60-  70 
50  -  60 
40  -  50 
30  -40 
20  -30 

ro-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80  -90 

70  -ao 

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50-60 
40  -50 
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£5 


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NORTH  CAROLINA 


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PER  CENT 


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40  -50 
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0-10 
PER  CENT 

AGES 
80-  90 
70  -80 
60-  70 
50  -60 
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30  -40 
20-30 
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0-10 
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OH 

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JULIUS  BIEN&.CO  UTMNY 


NA'i"i\'E  \v]ii'ri';  roiTi^vriox  hyagI';  and  si-;x:i<)()() 


PLATE  No    3jl 


AGES 

80- 

90 

70  - 

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CENT 

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80  - 

90 

70  - 

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60  - 

70 

50  - 

60 

10 

60 

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10 

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0    - 

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ao 

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CENT 

80 

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40 

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60 

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15  10  5  0  5  10  15  25         20  15  10  5  0  5  IS  10  5  O  5  10  IS  IS  10  5  0  5  10  15 


CALIFORNIA 


CONNtCTICUT 


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JULIUS  BIEN  SCO  L'TH  N  V 


KVl-IVE  WHITI-;  l>()l'ri.A'l'K)N  HYAGH  AND  SEX:  1900 


PLATE  No.  36 


AGES 
ao  -90 
70  -  ao 

60-70 

so  -eo 
«o  -so 

30-40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80-90 

70  -ao 

60  -  70 
50  -  60 
40  -SO 
30  -40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80-90 
70  -80 
60-  70 
SO -60 
40  -SO 
30  -40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80  -  90 
70  -  80 
60  -70 
50  -  60 
40  -50 
30  -40 
20  -  30 
10-20 
0-10 
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NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


NEW  JERSEY 


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SO  S  10  IS 

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15         10  5  O  S  10  15        20 

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IS  10  5  O  S  10  IS 

WYOMING 


80  -90 

70  -ao 

60-  70 
50-60 
40  -50 
30-40 
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JULiUS  BIEN4CO,UTrt  N. . 


NATIVE  wurri':  pomi^vriox  byagh  and  si-iximoo 


PLATE  No    3 


AGES 

80- 

90 

70  ~ 

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60  - 

70 

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70 

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80  - 

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-90 

70 

-80 

50 

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50 

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40 

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10 

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PER  CENT 

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JULIUS  BItN  ft  CO  LITM  N  V. 


NATIVE  VVHITK  POPILATION  HYAGK  AND  SEX:1900 


PLATE  No.  36 


AOES 
80  -90 
70-80 
60-  70 
SO  -60 
40  -SO 
30-40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PeH  GENT 


80  -  90 
70  -  80 
60-  70 
50-60 
40  -50 
30  -40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80-90 
70  -80 
60-  70 
SO -60 
40  -50 
30  -40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80-90 
70  -80 
60  -  70 
50-  60 
40  -50 
30  -40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80  -90 
70  -80 
60-  70 
50-60 
40  -50 
30-40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


80-90 
7  0  -80 
60-  70 
50  -60 
40  -50 
30-40 
20  -30. 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


NEW  JERSEY 


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NEWMEXICO 


15  10  S  0  S  10  IS  IS  10  5  0  5  10  IS  rs         10  S  O  S  10  IS 

NEW  YORK  NORTH  CAROLINA  NORTH  DAKOTA 


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juuus  mCN  acO-uth  u  . 


FOREIGN  WHITE  POPIILATiON  BYAOE  AND  SEX:  1900 


PLATE  No,  37! 


AGES 
SO  -  90 
70  -  SO 
60  -  70 
50  -  60 
40  -  50 
30  -40 
20  -30 
10-20 

0-10 


80  -90 
70-80 
60-70 
50-60 
40  -  50 
30  -  40 
20  -  30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


ao  -90 
70  -  60 
60-70 
50-60 
40  -  50 
30-40 
20  -30 
10-20 
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30         25  20  15  10  5  0  15  10  5  0  5  10 

COLORADO  CONNECTICLTT 


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80  -  90 
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60  -  70 
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20  -  30 

10-20 

0-10 
PER  CENT 


80  -  90 
70-80 
60  -  70 
50-60 
4  0-50 
30  -40 
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10-20 
0-10 
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80  -90 
70  -80 
60-  70 
50-60 
40  -50 
30  -40 
20  -30 

10-20 

0-10 
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70  -  80 
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50  -60 
40  -50 
30-40 
20  -30 
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MICHIGAN 


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15  10  5  0  5  10  15  IS  10  5  0  S  10 

MISSISSIPPI  MISSOURI 


TD 


15  10  5  O  S  10  IS 

MONTANA 


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UL'US  srcNaco  1 


FORI';iGN  WllITl':  P()PUI.^VTIOX  HYACJK  AND  SI-LXllOOO 


PLATE  No.  38 


AGES 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-  70 

SO 

-60 

«0 

-SO 

30 

40 

20 

-30 

1  0 

-20 

0  - 

-  10 

PER  CENT 

80 -'90 

70  - 

80 

60- 

70 

50  - 

60 

10  - 

50 

30  - 

40 

20  - 

30 

10  - 

20 

0  - 

10 

PER 

CENT 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60- 

70 

50 

-60 

40 

-SO 

30- 

40 

20 

-30 

10 

-20 

0    - 

-  10 

PER  CENT 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-  70 

SO 

-60 

40 

-50 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

10 

-  20 

0 

-    10 

■ER 

CENT 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-70 

50 

-  60 

40 

-50 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

10 

-20 

0 

-    10 

PER 

CENT 

NEBRASKA 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


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NEW  YORK 


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NORTH  CAROLINA 


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NORTH  DAKOTA 


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JUUUS  BIENaCO  UTH  NY. 


NEGRO  POPUI^VTION  B^AGK  AND  SEX.IOOO 


PLATE  No.3 


AGES 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-  70 

50 

-60 

■to 

-SO 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

1  0 

-20 

0 

-  1  0 

PER  CENT 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-  70 

50 

-  60 

40 

-50 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

1  0 

-20 

0 

-    10 

PER 

CENT 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-  70 

SO 

-60 

40 

-50 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

10 

-20 

0 

-  1  0 

PER  CENT 

80 

-  90 

70 

-80 

60 

-  70 

50 

-60 

40 

-50 

30 

-40 

20 

-  30 

10 

-  20 

0 

-    10 

PEP 

CENT 

AGES 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-  70 

50 

-  60 

40 

-50 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

10 

-  20 

0 

-   10 

PEP 

CENT 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-70 

50 

-60 

40 

-50 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

10 

-20 

0 

-    1  0 

PER  CENT 

80 

-90 

70 

-80 

60 

-.7  0 

50 

-60 

40 

-  50 

30 

-40 

20 

-30 

10 

-20 

0 

-   10 

PER  CENT 

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10  5  0  5  10  15  IS  10  5  0  5  10  IS 

CONNECTICUT  DELAWARE 


IS  10  5  0  S  10  IS 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 


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IS     10     5     0     S     10     IS     IS     10     S     O     5     10     IS     IS    10     5     0     5     10     IS 


_n; 


MARYLAND 

A 


MASSACHUSETTS 


?-L- 


A 


15  10  5  0  5  10  15 

MISSISSIPPI 


1 

MICH 

CAN 

1 

\ 

,  1 

1 

'^i| 

r          ^^ 

1 

1.  --L.  ..     1     ._ 

__J 

IS  10  5  0  S  10  IS 

MINNESOTA 

|1 


CEz: 


L'* 

i 

f 

-L_ 

1 

^    , 

1 

,'' 

^ 

r^ 

*! 

-^ 

1 

IS  10  5  O  5  10  IS  IS  10  S  0 


MISSOURI 

HI 


15  10  5  O  5  10  IS 

NEBRASKA 


Hi 


I, 


iy 


ji 


t 


3 


!-X- 


zz 


T 


15     10     5     0     S     10     IS     15     10     5     O     S     10     IS     IS    10     5     0     5     10     IS     15     10     5     0     5     10     IS 


J  L  LI  OS  Bies  ft  CO  ItTH  N  ' 


NEGRO  I>OI>ULATI()N  BY  AGE  AND  SEX:  1900 


PLATE  No  40 


AGES 
80  -90 
70  -80 
60-  70 
60-60 
■40  -50 
30-40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


SO  -90 
70  -SO 
60-70 
50-60 

10  -so 

30  -to 
20-30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER    CENT 


ao  -90 

70  -  60 
60-  70 
50-60 
•♦0  -50 
30--»0 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


NEW  JERSEY 


NEWMEXICO 


:in. 


~r 


3 


5^ 


h 


i 

+ 

I 

W 

! 

1 

1 

!      ,% 

..^l 

1 

ir 

"^  1 

.* 

^' 

,..1 

' 

1 

V 

jr" 

n 

|.. 

i^' 

1 

1 

j<f^ 

1 

.J 

L 

IS  10  5  0  S  10  15 


IS  10  5  O  S  10  IS 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


15  10  5  O  5  10  IS  IS  10  5  0  S  lu  IS 

NORTH  DAKOTA  OHIO 


A 

^ 

•.•? 

h 

1_ 

T^ 

1^ 

,  1 

1 

r 

r 
— * 

1 

^ 

n 

4 

h 

1 

«." 

f>i 

•     \ 

1 

^'' 

,*'' 

u 

J 

h 


Mzaj 


16  10  S  0  S  10  15 


IS  10  S  O  S  10  15 

ORfGON 


15  10  5  0  5  10  IS  IS  10  S  O  5  10  15 

PENNSYLVANIA  RHODE  ISLAND 


r 

— ^ 

1 



7^ 

h 

^ 

1 

L 

A 

! 

1 

k 
^ 

D 

V- 

r 

r 

k 

^ 

1 

[ 

^ 
^ 

D 

PERCENT        IS  10  5  0  S  lO  IS 


SOUTH  CAROLINA 


15  10  S  O  5  to  15 

SOUTH  DAKOTA 


IS         10  S  0  5  10  IS  IS  10  5  O  S  10  IS 

TENNESSEE  TEXAS 


m 


I 

h 

1* 

1 

c- 

,r 

,  1 

*' 

.^' 

1 

1 

IS  10  5  0  5  10  IS 


IS  10  S  0  5  10  IS  15  10  5  O  5  10  IS 

VERMONT  VIRGINIA 


ao  -9C 

70  -ao 

60-  70 
50-60 
40  -SO 
3O-40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0-10 
PER  CENT 


«0  -90 

70  -  ao 

60-  70 
50-60 
*0  -50 
30-40 
20  -30 
10-20 
0    -   lO 


A 

k 

1 

^^', 

1 

V 

&*     i 

1 

1 

1 

r 

A 

fl 

J 

k 

^ 

— ^ 
1 

V 

p^ 

r 
1 

H 
y 

7^ 

s 

^ 

30         25        20 


WASHINGTON 


fS         10  S  O  S  10  IS 

WEST  VIRGINIA 


15         10  5  0  S  10  IS  IS         10  5  0  5  10  IS 

WISCONSIN  WYOMING 


r 

k, 

,<i> 

1 

1 

I 

^ 

1 

<»•' 

^<f 

1, 

, 

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^ 

\ 
'  1 

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^ 

1 

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1 

1 

1 

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f?-! 

1 

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' 

}■ 

1 

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j^ 

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1 

1 
1 

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, 

L 

J 

L 

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PER  CENT         IS  10  5  O  5  10  IS  tS  10  5  O  5  10  15  15  10  S  0  5  10  15  15  tQ  5  Q  5  10  rS 


JULIUS  BltNaCO.LITW-N  Y 


PLATE  No.  ^ 


ELEMENTS  Ol"  THE  I'UPL'LA'l'lON  :  1900 


MALES 


FEMALES 


NATIVE    i     WHITE 


MALES 

FOREIGN 


FEMALES 

WHITE 


MALES  1  FEMALES 

COLORED 


BORN       IN 
OTHER     STATES 

N 

BORN       IN        STATE 

ATIVE                  WHITE 

GERMANY 

FORE 

lEHLAND 

1  G  N 

CANADA 

WHITE 

GT  BRITAIN      NORWAY 
SWEDEN 
DENMARK 

> 
< 

< 
C 

a 
z 

i 
2 

< 

I 

< 

< 

z 

ALL 
OTHERS 

Z 

o 

U) 

q: 

£ 

-J 

BORN    IN 
OTHER  STATES 

BORN       IN        STATE 

COLORED 

N     A     T     I      V     E 


W     H      I 


F  O   R   E.I    G   N 


IN     CITIES 
OF    25,000 


T      E 


IN      CITIES      OF    25,000 

\A/  H  I  T  E 


COLORED 


IN    CITIES 
OF  25,000 


JULIUS  aiEN&CO-LlTH  N  r. 


THK  TOT/VJ.  POITI.ATIOX  AND  ITS  KLRMKNTS  AT  RACII  CEXSUS 


PLATE  No  42 


1840 


1830 


1790 


JUiJUS  BlCN  ft  CO  LITH.^ 


COi\'STITUl-;.\'TS  C)l-'THKP01'l'LATION  ()!•'  ST.Vl'l-'.S  AM)  TKIUU'l'OUl  M  S;  1900. 


PLATE  No. A3 


PER     CENT 


WEST  VIRGINIA 

1 

_i_ 

1  1^ 

OKLAHOMA 

1 

i^^H 

KENTUCKY 

1        1 

indiaKa 

i 

■ 

NFW   MEXICO 

± 

I  --J 

i         ■ 

INDIAN  TER 

1 

il 

■■■ 

TENNESSEE 

i 

MAINE 

1 

1        1 

— 

MISSOURI 

1 

_i_ 

KANSAS 

1 

1    1          1  ^H 

ARKANSAS 



1 

N.CAROLINA 



im 

■■ 

..__ 

VERMONT 

L-J 

=-"l 

.  _  i.i_ 

TEXAS 

1 

„,„i 

DELAWARE 



1 

1     1    ■ 

"^"^^ 

OHIO 

•i| 

1        :|      1        1    ■ 

OREGON 

i_ 

— 

=n^"^i  ^' 

VIRGINIA 

. — - 

— 

-lJ-^« 

^H 

^^ 

^^^ 

PENNSYLVANIA 

) 

1 1 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

.1 

1 1 

1     j 

COLORADO 

:| 

1 

1         I     H 

• 

MARYLAND 

i| 

1 

IOWA 

■ 

■1 

II  1  1  1 

~    ■ 

IDAHO 

1 

1 

Ii   1 

ALABAMA 

1  1 

NEBRASKA 



1 

-1 — \ r- 

1 

h-i 

, 

WYOMING 

1 

1 

1      Nil 

GEORGIA 

1 

1 

^^" 

WASHINGTON 

1 

1 

1 

1 

fm 

FLORIDA 

I 

1 

^^_ 

1 

— LJ 

^^" 

^^ 

ILLINOIS 

1 

1 

■ 

NEW  JERSEY 

1 

1 

^H 

CALIFORNIA 

1 

n^p 

i 

1 

MICHIGAN 

1 



. 

_J 

1 

. — ■ 

LOUISIANA 

1 

1 

^^^^l^HH 

CONNECTICUT 
S  CAROLINA 



1    - 

— 

ri"TTiii7iiTNri 

1    1   ^                 1       1    ■ 

MISSISSIPPI 

^ 

NEW  YORK 

1 

1 

■ 

MONTANA 

1 

1 

1 

1   1 

UTAH 

1 

1 

MASSACHUSETTS 

! 

1 

1 

ARIZONA 

1 

1 

i 

II 

NEVADA 

1 

1 

i 

1 

S  DAKOTA 

1 

1 



RHODE  ISLAND 

1 

1 

■ 

WISCONSIN 

1 

1 

1 

ALASKA 

1 

1 

i 

' 

HAWAII 

1 

MINNESOTA 

1 

■ 

N.DAKOTA 

1 

1 

' 

1 

I  NathT  while  ol'iuilivr  (icU'enLS 


Nalh'e  while  of  foreign  p^ronl.';  Foreign  while 

I  Iniliaii.s  [___;  Chiiiesf  anil.l;i[i;uie.si'  |^|   Nu^ro 


JUtiyS  BlCN  ftCO  UTMN  Y 


PLATE  No.  44 


CONSTITfKXTS  OKTHl';  POI'l'I-Vl'lON  OK  CITIES  01-' 
MORE  THAN  100,000  INILVUITANTS  :  1900. 


PER     CENT 


ST.JOSEPH 

COLUMBUS 

INDIAMAPOLIS 

KANSAS   CITY 

LOS  ANGELES 

DENVER 

WASHINGTON 

BALTIMORE 

LOUISVILLE 

OMAHA 

PHILADELPHIA 

SYRACUSE 

TOLEDO 

ALLEGHENY 

NEW  ORLEANS 

MEMPHIS 

CINCINNATI 

NEW  HAVEN 

ST  LOUIS 

ROCHESTER 

WORCESTER 

PROVIDENCE 

PITTSBURG 

MINNEAPOLIS 

NEWARK 

JERSEY  CITr 

SCRANTON 

BOSTON 

ST,  PAUt 

BUFFALO 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

CLEVELAND 

PATERSON 

DETROIT 

NEW   YORK 

CHICAGO 

MILWAUKEE 

FALL  RIVER 


0 

1 

0 

20 

30 

*0 

50 

60 

70 

80 

90 

10 

1 

1 

1 

IHi 

1 

1 

HH 

1 

1 

^H 

HIi 

1 

1 

1 

Hli^H^V 

1 

1 

'     ^ 

1 

1 

1                 ■ 

1_ 

-| 1 

■ 

J— 

^^^ 

1 

1 

1 

^^^■N 

1 

■■ 

■■^■^^ 

1 

1 

1   ^H 

1 

1 

■■ 

1 

1 

■ 

n 

1 

1 

1 

m 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

^ 

1 

1 

m 

1 

1 

BH 

1 

1 

1 

' 

■ 

1 

HH 

■■ 

1 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

~H 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

■ 

1 

■ 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

■ 

1 

I 

■ 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Natiw  \vl\ileofnati\^p.pareiits      |         i  Native  wlute  of  foreign  parents      P        |  Furei^n  wliite 


Chinese  and.Iapcinese 


^e^o 


JUUUS  aiCN  »CO  UTH.N.V 


PLATE  No  45 


roNSTiTriiN'i's  HI" 'I'm-:  mai- 


'opri.ATioN  OF  MM.rriA  Ar.i-::  inoo 


PER  CENT 
40  50  60 


90  100 


WEST  VIRGINIA 

OKLAHOMA 

INDIAN  TER 

KENTUCKY 

INDIANA 

TENNESSEE 

NEW  MEXICO 

N.CAROLINA 

ARKANSAS 

MAINE 

KANSAS 

MISSOURI 

TEXAS 

VIRGINIA 

DELAWARE 

VERMONT 

OHIO 

OREGON 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MARYLAND 

COLORADO 

ALABAMA 

GEORGIA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

iOWA 

NEBRASKA 

WYOMING 

IDAHO 

DISTOFCOUJMBIA 

WASHINGTON 

FLORIDA 

S  CAROLINA 

ILLINOIS 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

MICHIGAN 

NEW  JERSEY 

CALIFORNIA 

ARIZONA 

CONNECTICUT 

MONTANA 

NEW  YORK 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEVADA 

S.DAKOTA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

UTAH 

ALASKA 

WISCONSIN 

N.DAKOTA 

MINNESOTA 

HAWAII 


111! 

!      1      ;      1 

1          1          1          1          1           '      1    1        II      ^H 

1 

1 

1 t-l '. \ 

i             i       \    \  '      '    \  ■     MHJ 

1 

I 

i      1 

1       1       1       1       1    1  1       1       ii^M 

1 

1      '      ' 

|;HBHHd 

i      1      1 

1    1    1    til    '        ^1   i  H 

i      1      i 

1 

1 

t 

— 1 — i — 
i      1 

1      1      1  1    '       1     '      M    :   Iri 

1 \ 



i : 1 , 

1        — 1 1 

1 < 1 

1 

1       1 

t 

1      !    1  1      I      il     i      1      '      1 

t 

1 ' 

1 

III         1         1         II        ;          ^ 

, 

1 

1 

1     II    1     '           1    :    — 

*"              III 

1       1       i 

1 

III!        II      i      '     1 

1 

^_ 

11    i    1    1    i    i:    1    i  d 

1 

11   1    1 

1    II     I 

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■■■'!  ■■■ 

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1 1 

1 1 

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1 \ 1 

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1 

1    1     11    1     1     :     1     III  1 

1 1 

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1    1 

1 

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—" 

!  1 
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1 

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1 

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1 1 

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'll  — 
0^ 

1      >      !l     1      1      '                ■ 

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1 
1 

1 

1 

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1 

1       '     I !      ;       '      i      1      II          1 

— 

1        1 

1      1      '      :      i      11     j           !    ^ 

j 

[     [  1   1           1     1     1     :        ^ 

1              1            1 

1     :      '      ■      ;      '               '  1   ^ 

i        1      ! 

'1                                        '    ■ 

■ 

1 1 

1    1      1      1 

1     i:                                           '     ^ 

II      1      I 

li                               1           1 

1  II 

1 \ 

! 1 

1        ,     1                                                   ■! 

1 

1          1 

Ml                                ;  I 

1 

1               i      1 

i     1     ;     ,   li     ,     1     i     1  III 

1 

i     1      1 

1     1     II  1     1     1     1     <     1    1 

r~ 

1      i 

i      1      M  ;      1      i      !      ,      : 

1 

1      1 

1      '      1      ;      ;      1      1      '      1    1 

■             1      1 

1   M      1      1      1      .      1      1      '     1 

1  1 

1     '     1     1     1 

1      1      1      ,      :      .      ,      .      ;     1 

Native 
ill  Foreisji^ 


vvhite  of 
white  of 
\\"hite 


TiHtiw  pai'eins 
ioreicn  parents 


Ii\iii;ui 


[  I  I  hiiiesf  ami  .lapanese 


JVUUS  BiEN  *  CO  L'TM  ^ 


PLATE  No  46 


rONSTITT'KXTS    oKTITE    MAI-K    I»(  )l»r  KATK  )N   OFX'OTINO  AiWV.   lOOO 


10  20 


PER  CENT 

50  60 


WEST  VIRGINIA 

OKLAHOMA 

KENTUCKY 

INDIAN  TER 

TENNESSEE 

MAINE 

INDIANA 

NEW   MEXICO 

N  CAROLINA 

ARKANSAS 

KANSAS 

MISSOURI 

VERMONT 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

VIRGINIA 

TEXAS 

DELAWARE 

OHIO 

OREGON 

COLORADO 

MARYLAND 

PENNSYLVANIA 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 

IOWA 

NEBRASKA 

IDAHO 

WYOMING 

DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

WASHINGTON 

FLORIDA 

S  CAROLINA 

ILLINOIS 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  JERSEY 

MISSISSIPPI 

MICHIGAN 

ALASKA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

LOUISIANA 

CALIFORNIA 

ARIZONA 

NEW  YORK 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MONTANA 

S   DAKOTA 

NEVADA 

UTAH 

N. DAKOTA 

MINNESOTA 

WISCONSIN 

HAWAII 


II             Mill     ■■ 



II        1     I      1       1   1    ^ 

1 

1       1     1 

1  1    '■■■H 

t 

1             i       '     1 

1  1         ^i^iN 



1 

— 1 

1   . 

1       1  1     j       III       1       1 

J....^ 

II!            ,  1    '      !  ■ 

! 

i 

1      II     I     1       t      j  1    :   li 

L — 1 — , 

: ■ 

1 
1 

1      1      1      '      H 

1 

1    II  1 — r-«i 

1         i    ,1   1    1    1 

1        il    1    1    1    1 

1 — ' 



1      II 

^IM 

— -J 

1      :i 



1 

1 

1 

II       1       1       1    ■ 

1     II 

1       1       III 

1 

1              i      1 

1       |.      1       1    ■ 

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1               III 

— 

1  i     I     ;    1 



1 

, 

1 
1 

1 

1 

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1 
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1   1 

L-U i \ L_J — : ^ 

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1 — 

1 
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— n—. — \ — r— ^ — \ — •: — n — ■ — i 

1 

1 

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1    !      1     1     I      1     1     1     1     1   i 

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1          1 

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1 

i:     !.    i     1     I     1     1     1  Ml  1 

1 

1     i       ! 

1    1     1     1     1     1     1     1     II 

Ill; 

i     1     1     1     1     III     ,1 

1 

i     1     1 

1      II     !            1      1      i      1      Mil 

1 

I 

i      1       ! 

III               1        1        !        1        II 

1      |l                 i      !      1    1 

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:        1       1       i        1       i       1       ■       I 

Nativo  white  otnath^e  parents 
Native  while  of  forpisn  pai-enls 
Foi'cii^u  while 


and  .lapancse 


JULIUS  etENA  CO.UTH> 


PLATE  No.  47 


COMPOSITION  OF  THE  POPUI  ATI  ON  OF  STATKS.Vs'I)  TKHHITOTIIKS 

INCl.UI)IX(inKsn)HNTNATIVKS,NATIYE  IMMIOHAXTS  AM)  FOIU^IOX 

BOltN.WITlJ  PEH  VKXV  OF  NATIM^:  KMlOit.V\TS;  lOOO. 


PER     CENT 
50  '    . 


S. CAROLINA 

N.CAROLINA 

VIRGINIA 

GEORGIA 

KENTUCKY 

ALABAMA 

TENNESSEE 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

MAINE 

MARYLAND 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

OHIO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

INDIANA 

NEW   MEXICO 

VERMONT 

DELAWARE 

TEXAS 

NEW  YORK 

UTAH 

MISSOURI 

FLORIDA 

ARKANSAS 

WISCONSIN 

MICHIGAN 

ILLINOIS 

IOWA 

NF.W  HAMPSHIRE 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  JERSEY 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MINNESOTA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

ALASKA 

CALIFORNIA 

NEBRASKA 

DISrOF  COLUWeiA 

ARIZONA 

KANSAS 

NEVAD* 

S. DAKOTA 

OREGON 

HAWAII 

INDIAN  TER 

N.DAKOTA 

IDAHO 

COLORADO 

MONTANA 

WASHINGTON 

WYOMING 

OKLAHOMA 


1              1              1              1               1                                           y--j-y 

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— 

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I  Resident  natives 


Native  imitiigranLs 


J  Foreign  born        |         |  IJatK'e  emigrants 


ULiUSBIENtCO  LITM  K 


PLATE  No  48 


STATK    ()!•'  HIHTII  OK  'I'llK   N.Vl'IXl''.    POIULATIOX  UY  STATES  AM)  TERRri\)RIES:  U){)() 


1  MAINE 

2  NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

3  VERMONT 

4  MASSACHUSETTS 

5  RHODE  ISLAND 

6  CONNECTICUT 

7  NEW  YORK 

6  NEW  JERSEY 

9  PENNSYLVANIA 

10  DELAWARE 

11  MARYLAND 

12  DISr  OF  COLUMBIA 

13  VIRGINIA 

14  WEST  VIRGINIA 

15  N, CAROLINA 

16  S.CAROLINA 
IT   GEORGIA 

18  FLORIDA 

19  OHIO 

20  INDIANA 

21  ILLINOIS 

22  MICHIGAN 

23  WISCONSIN 
24-  MINNESOTA 
25  IOWA 
26MISS0URI 
27  N.DAKOTA 

2  8  S.DAKOTA 
29  NEBRASKA 
30KANSAS 

31  KENTUCKY 

32  TENNESSEE 

33  ALABAMA 
3+MlSSlSSIPPI 

35  LOUISIANA 

36  TEXAS 

37  INDIAN  TER 

38  OKLAHOMA 

39  ARKANSAS 

40  MONTANA 

41  WYOMING 
A2  COLORADO 
43NEW  MEXICO 
44AR120NA 
4SUTAH 
46NEVADA 
47IDAHO 
48WASHINGT0N 
49  OREGON 
SOCALIFORNIA 
Si   ALASKA 

52  HAWAII 


D                            1 

PER     CENT 
3                        20                         30                       4-0                        50                        60                        70                       80 

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Xii/nhers  t/t  duiQt\un  refet-  to  states  and    (crrtfortcs 


JUUUS  BtEN  «C0  UTH.N.y 


PLATE  No.  A9 


DisiuinrTiox   oi''  i'i';i{s()Ns  iu)H.\  ix  kacii  si'i-:(1Kii;i)  st.vim-;  a\I) 'n'-nnrroin- 

WHO   .\HK    i.l\l.\C.    IN    (>TIIi:i{    STATES   AM)   'I'1;H  HI'I'0 1  !1 1-;  S  :  1!U)() 


PER     CENT 


1  MAINE 

2  NtW  HAMPSHIRE 

3  VERMONT 

4  MASSACHUSETTS 

5  RHODE  ISLAND 

6  CONNECTICUT 

7  NEW  YORK 

B  NEW  JERSEY 

9  PENNSYLVANIA 

10  DELAWARE 
M   MARYLAND 

12  DISTOF  COLUMBIA 

13  VIRGINIA 

14  WEST   VIRGINIA 

15  N.CAROLINA 

16  S.CAROLINA 

17  GEORGIA 
16  FLORIDA 
19  OHIO 

20  INDIANA 

21  ILLINOIS 

22  MICHIGAN 

23  WISCONSIN 

24  M1NNES01A 

25  IOWA 

26  MISSOURI 

27  N.DAKOTA 
2  8  S.DAKOTA 

29  NEBRASKA 

30  KANSAS 

31  KENTUCKY 

32  TENNESSEE 

33  ALABAMA 

34  MISSISSIPPI 

35  LOUISIANA 

36  TEXAS 

37  INDIAN  TER, 
3a  OKLAHOMA 

39  ARKANSAS 

40  MONTANA 

41  WYOMING 

42  COLORADO 

43  NEW   MEXICO 

44  ARIZONA 
-t-S  UTAH 

46  NEVADA 

47  IDAHO 

48  WASHINGTON 

49  OREGON 

50  CALIFORNIA 


0 

0                        50 

SO                       40                        50                        60                        70                       80 

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JVumbf's  m  dia<//\im  f-e/h'  tu  states-  and   terrifunes 

I, 'nn timbered',  crreacf  uivlndt'  all  other  states  arul  tenitortes 


PLATE  Na50 


NKT   HKSUITS    OK  MHtUATIONB^'  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES:  1900 


INTERSTATE   MIORATION 


AIJ.  MI  ORATION 


MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

VERMONT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  YOHK 

NEW  JERSEY 

PENNSYLVANIA 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

VIRGINIA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

N.CAROLINA 

S.CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

FLORIDA 

OHIO 

INDIANA 

ILLINOIS 

MICHIGAN 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

IOWA 

MISSOURI 

N.DAKOTA 

S.DAKOTA 

NEBRASKA 

KANSAS 

KENTUCKY 

TENNESSEE 

ALABAMA 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

TEXAS 

OKLAHOMA 

ARKANSAS 

INDIAN  TER. 

MONTANA 

WYOMING 

COLORADO 

NEW  MEXICO 

ARIZONA 

UTAH 

NEVADA 

IDAHO 

WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

CALIFORNIA 

ALASKA 


HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 
GAIN  LOSS 


t-T 


JULIUS  arENaco  lith  N.'' 


PLATE  No.5 


INTERSTATE  MIGRATION:   1900 


EMUIRANJTS 


IMMIGRANTS 


HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


13  12  II  10  98765  432  lO  1  234.567 


MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

VERMONT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  YORK 

NEW  JERSEY 

PENNSYLVANIA 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

OIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

VIRGINIA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

N  CAROLINA 

S.CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

FLORIDA 

OHIO 

INDIANA 

ILLINOIS 

MICHIGAN 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

IOWA 

MISSOURI 

N.  DAKOTA 

S.DAKOTA 

NEBRASKA 

KANSAS 

KENTUCKY 

TENNESSEE 

ALABAMA 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

TEXAS 

OKLAHOMA 

ARKANSAS 

INDIAN  TER, 

MONTANA 

WYOMING 

COLORADO 

NEW   MEXICO 

ARIZONA 

UTAH 

NEVADA 

IDAHO 

WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

CALIFORNIA 

ALASKA 


I 


UKU.S  BIEN  »C0  UITM  ; 


PLATE  No  52 


JULIUS  BIENaCO  U7M.N  V- 


PLATE  No  53 


1.  nt-:gro  poiHJi^vnoNHv  states  and  tkrritorirs:  leoo. 


HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


MISSISSIPPI 

ALABAMA 

S.CAROLINA 

VIRGINIA 

LOUISIANA 

N  CAROLINA 

TEXAS 

TCNNESStE 

ARKANSAS 

KtNTUCKY 

MARYLAND 

FLORIDA 

MISSOURI 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW  YORK 


DIST.  OF  COLUMBIA 


NEW  JERSEY 


WEST  VIRGINIA 

INDIAN  TER 

MASSACHUSETTS 

DELAWARE 

OKLAHOMA 

MICHIGAN 

CONNECTICUT 

IOWA 

CALIFORNIA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

COLORADO 

NEBRASKA 

MINNESOTA 

WISCONSIN 

WASMtNGTON 

ARIZONA 

NEW   MEXICO 

MONTANA 

MAINE 


I        ! 


^^ 


2.  PERCENTAGE  OF  THE  NATIVE   WMITK   OI*  NATI\'E  PARKXTACK 
AND  OF    THE   NKGKO  lTNnj:P  1  YEAR  OI'"  AGE 
HY  STATES  A.XO  TI-'.HH  ITOl  U  i:  S  :    lV)()n 


NAT1\'K  wniTK  OV  NATIVK  PARENTAGE 

PER    CENT 


UTAH 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

IDAHO 

N.DAKOTA 

S.DAKOTA 

LOUISIANA 

NEW   MEXICO 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

TEXAS 

OKLAHOMA 

INDIAN  TER 

KENTUCKY 

ALABAMA 

ARKANSAS 

N  CAROLINA 

MISSISSIPPI 

S  CAROLINA 

i^LORIDA 

(OWA 

GEORCtA 

TENNESSEE 

NEBRASKA 

ARIZONA 

VIRGINIA 

ILLINOIS 

MISSOURI 

NEVADA 

KANSAS 

MARYLAND 

PENNSYLVANIA 

INDIANA 

MONTANA 

HAWAII 

MICHIGAN 

Ohio 

W/OMING 

NEW   JERSEY 

NEW  YORK 

COLORADO 

DELAWARE 

WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

CAUroRNIA 

VERMONT 

CONNECTICUT 

RHODE   ISLAND 

OlSTOr  COUiMBIA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

ALASKA 


nk(;ho 

PER    CENT 


JULIUS  BlENaCC  L'TM.N.Y 


PLATE  No.  t 


PERCENTAGE    OF    WHITE  AND  NEGRO  POPULATION  IN  CERTAIN    STATES 

AT  EACH  CENSUS 


MARYLAND 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 


VIRGINIA  &  W  VIRGINIA 


NORTH  CAROLINA 


oooooooooooo 
PER   ato~wrt^iniflr^ooo>o 

CENT^*   ffi<DaO(D   00   (DODCOfD   ODO 


OOOOOOOOOOOO 

(DO^wfO-Jmior^cDdo 


ooooooooooo 
o  —  wfO-tinu)r-DO(no 


oooooooooooo 
ffio^Nnj-ifttor^oomo 
r>a><D(Da)aD(saDaOcDOO{n 


ooooooooooo 
Q— Nnj'inior-flDfflO 

(BVOODOfDOOCOtDCDO) 


90 

- 

- 

- 

- 

_ 

- 

- 

- 

70 

60 
50 
40 

30 

_ 

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: 
: 

''    ■    '                                           11 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

oooooooooooo 
PER    mo^f^f^-tinuir^flomo 


GEORGIA 

oooooooooooo 
(nO"rN(n-*inior^(DWo 

h-a}V(D0D<I)(D<DOOa)<X>(T> 


^ 


^m^M'A^^^ 


o 

CO 

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MISSISSIPPI 


ooooooooo 
Mpj-tincof^cDtno 
ooa)(sa)(DCDaD<so) 


ooooooooooo 
o~Nt*jsttntf)r^ooO)o 

(DOOtDOaOCOfDOOCDOOO) 


oooooooooo 
—  No^tntor-oocno 

COocDCOCDCOaOCDODCn 


90 

80 

70 

50 

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30 

20 
10 

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'1  =  1'  ;:■) 

! 

jj..Li.iy 

I         I  WHITE 


NEGRO 


JULIUS  BIENaCO.UTM 


PLATE  No.  55 


JULIUS  aiEN&CO  LtTh.N.Y- 


|i  J  Less  than  1  per  rent 
1     to     7      . 

H     -    -  1-   .     .. 

fl^        17      ,.    35      . 

60  |)ri'  ctMit  ami  o\f'i      / 

The  absence  ofctilorindicrtlcs  .ma^fimJ^aLc 
popalatitin  of  less  Ihim-inhahiidHlstoabqiian.  mili 


PLATE 


JULIUS  BIEN&CO  LITH.N-Y. 


FOKKTCN  BORN  AT  EACH  CENSUS,  WITH  THE  PROPOHTrON  OF  EACH  LEADING 

NATIONALrn' ;  1850  TO  liJOO 


PLATE  No.  57 


870 


1850 


I       I  I  IRISH 

I      2  I  GERMANS 

r    3  I  BRITISH 

I       *  I  CANADIANS 


1890 


1900 


jUllUOeiEN  ACO.L'TH  ^ 


PLATE  No   58 


1.  TO'lWI,  FOHERIN  KOltN  ATIvU'JI  CKNSl'S  WITH  THR  NUMBER  OF  EACH  I,1-;,\1)I.NG  XATION.'\LlTY: 

1850  TO  1900 


IS90 


MILLIONS 

5  6 


1 

. lUH 

■ 

H 

1  1 

1 

iMH    l..:i     1 1 

1 

2.  PROPORTION  WHICH  KACH  OF  THE  LEADINCr  NATIONAI-ITIES  BEARS  TO  THE 
TOTAL  I-'OREIOX  HORN  AT  EACH  (^''-N'Sl'S:  IBfiO  TO  1900 


20  30 


PER   CENT 
40  50  60 


80  90 


1 

i^-i 

1 

1 

1 

■  i 

1                                   I 

1                                         1 

^H 

1 

^^H  1 

immjL 

A^±l     ^ 

[NORWAY,  SWEDEN. AND  OENMARK^^HJ  BOHEMIA 


CANADA  AND  NEWFOUNDLAND      Jjl^H] 'RUSSIA 


ENGLAND,  SCOTLAND, AND    WALES    ^^■■1  POLAND 


ALL  OTHERS 


PLATE  No.59 


FOREIGN  MOllN  Ol'  ICACII  1 -K.\])L\G  XATIO.XALl  TY  AT  I-IAC'I  I  I'llXSlS:  lHr>0  TO  1900. 


HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


1850 
1860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 


GERMANY 
5  6  7  e  9  10  II  12  13  1*  IS  16  17 


20  21  22  23  2'f  25         26  27  26 


0  12  3 


IRELAND 
5  6  7  e  9  10  II  12  13  I*  15 


17  18  19 


1850 
I860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 


CANADA  AND  NEWFOUNDLAND 
2  3  *►  5  6  7  8 


ENGLAND,  SCOTLAND,  AND    WALES 


9  10  II  12 


2  3^5 


9  10  It  12  13 


1850 
I860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 


1850 
I860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 


NORWAY.  SWEDEN, AND  DENMARK 

)l23M-567e9IOI 

k 

n 

^ 

ITALV 

2  3  **  5 


[[ 


RUSSIA 

2  3  1. 


1850 
I860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 


- 

112  3 

1 1 

■ 

■ 


CHINA     » 
O  I 


^ 


1 
I 


*J)oes  7wt  include  Haxctii 


^UUJ58tEN9C0-urH  i 


1.  FOREIGN  BORN  PGPm^TION.BY  STATKS  AND  TKRRITORIK  S  :  19()(). 


PLATE  No.6 


HUNDREDS  OF  THOUSANDS 
a       9       10       n       12 


13  14 


NEW  YORK 
PENNSYLVANIA 
ILLINOIS 
MASSACHUSETTS 
MICHIGAN 
WISCONSIN 
MINNESOTA 
OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 
CALIFORNIA 
IOWA 

CONNECTICUT 
MISSOURI 
TEXAS 
NEBRASKA 
INDIANA 
fiHODE  ISLAND 
KANSAS 
N. DAKOTA 
WASHINGTON 
MARYLAND 
MAINE 
COLORADO 
HAWAII 
S   DAKOTA 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MONTANA 

OREGON 

UTAH 

LOUISIANA 

KENTUCKY 

VERMONT 

IDAHO 

ARIZONA 

FLORIDA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

DIST"  OF  COLUMBIA 

VIRGINIA 

TtNNESSEE 

WYOMING 

OKLAHOMA 

ALABAMA 

ARKANSAS 

DELAWARE 

NEW   MEXICO 

ALASKA 

GEORGIA 

NEVADA 

MISSISSIPPI 

S.CAROLINA 

INDIAN  TER 

N. CAROLINA 


3 


Pb:RCENTAGK  ()1'\\MI-:NS  IX  Tl  I  K  'I'DTAL  K()^N^U'.X  HORN 
OK  KACII  SPI^CIIMKl)  XATivrr^- :  lOOO 


0 


CHINA  ■ 

JAPAN  P 

GRElECEl  ^ 

POLAND  (AUSTRIAN)   ^ 


ITALY 

PORTUGAL 

HUNGARY 

POLAND  (RUSSIAN  ) 

AUSTRIA 

FINLAND 

MEXICO 

CANADA(FRENCH) 

RUSSIA 

CUBA 

FRANCE 

CANADAlENGLISH; 

BELGIUM 

SWITZERLAND 

ENGLAND 

SCOTLAND 

POLAND  (GERMANY 

SWEDEN 

BOHEMIA 

DENMARK 

HOLLAND 

NORWAY 

IRELAND 

GERMANY 

WALES 


PER     CENT 


^i-^ 


^""^ 


wm 


PERCKXTAtU^:  OFAIJHXS  IX  TH  K  KOPEION^  BORN 
MALES  21  YEARS  Ol^^  AGE  -VNI)  ()\^^P  IX   CITIES 
RAVIXG  100,000  IXRAHITANTS  OU  MOKE  :  U)00 


PER     CENT 


FALL  RIVER 

WORCESTER 

PROVIDENCE 

LOS  ANGELES 

BOSTON 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

NEW   YORK 

NEW  HAVEN 

PITTSBURG 

PHILADELPHIA 

ALLEGHENY 

NEWARK 

NEW  ORLEANS 

JERSEY  CIT> 

PATERSON 

MEMPHIS 

SCRANTON 

CLEVELAND 

WASHINGTON 

BALTIMORE 

CHICAGO 

DETROIT 

DENVER 

ST,  LOUIS 

BUFFALO 

SYRACUSE 

ROCHESTER 

MINNEAPOLIS 

ST JOSEPH 

TOLEDO 

ST.  PAUL 

KANSAS  CITY 

MILWAUKEE 

OMAHA 

LOUISVILLE 

INDIANAPOLIS 

CINCINNATI 

COLUMBUS 


JULIUS  B'EN  SCO  L 


129-  127'  125*  123' 


107-  105-  103*  JOr  99" 


Th<-  al)sc)icroIcoU)rin<lifHU-'sajiati*iiv^:ilo 
populitlion  ork'SsllianL'inh;tl)ilunLsloas(]iiarf  mile 


PLATE  No  61 


DK.NSITY  OF  KOIU-'.K'.N  BC)1!.\  l'01'n..Vl'l(i.\ 
UNITKI)  "states 

at  UieTweH'th  Ccusus 

HK)l) 

Compiled  bv 

HKNRV   O.'VVXIiTT.    GUoGRAPHEK. 


JULIUS  eies  4  CO  Li- 


I  I  I  Less  Uian  I  per  cent 

I  g  I       1    lo    5 

,  I  IV  I      10     .,    20     . 
H      20     .    34      . 

II  ■'4  percenl  ami  over 


The  abs('nct'  oCcolorindicatos  ana^&\*^Ate 
population  of  less  Uian2mhabilaiilsloasqiiarT  iiitU 


PLATE  No.  62 


96*  93° 


89"  67"  BS'  83* 


I'HOPOHTKiN 
OFFORElGNBORNTU'IXrnU.l'Oin'LVl'lO.N 

UNITED   STATES 

at  the  Iwelflli  Census 

1900 

Compiled  bv 

HENRV   G-\XNETT.    GEOGRAPHER 


JULIUS  BIENACO-LITH  NY. 


PLATE  No. 63 


PROPORTION  01-'  I-'ORI', 
in'  ST.V 


OX  BORN  OF  EACH  LEADING  XA'I'iONAI  .ITV 
•J'.S   AM)   TRI^RITORIKSMOOO 


] GERMANV 
IR  ELAND 

CANADA  AND   NEWFOUNDLAND 
ENGLAND.  SCOTLAND. AND    WALES 
NORWAV.SWEDEN,AND  DENMARK 
ITALY 


E^3 


RUSSIA 

POLAND 

AUSTRIA 

BOHEMIA 

HUNGARY 

WEST  INDIES 


f-'iNCE 
VEXICO 
:  "  ;  N  A 
•^  N 


UUUS  eiEN  «  CO   LITM  I4_Y 


PLATE  No.  64 


PROPORTION  OI^^KORHICrN  BOHX  OK  KACH  I.E.KDINC;  NATIONALITY'. 
IN   CITIKS   OF  lOO.OOO  AND    OVKR  :  1*)0() 


PER     CENT 


NEW  YORK 

CHICAGO 

PHILADELPHIA 

ST.  LOUIS 

BOSTON 

BALTIMORE 

CLEVELAND 

BUFFALO 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

CINCINNATI 

PITTSBURG 

NEW  ORLEANS 

DETROIT 

MILWAUKEE 

WASHINGTON 

NEWARK 

JERSEY  CITY 

LOUISVILLE 

MINNEAPOLIS 

PROVIDENCE 

INDIANAPOLIS 

KANSAS   CITY 

ST.  PAUL 

ROCHESTER 

DENVER 

TOLEDO 

ALLEGHENY 

COLUMBUS 

WORCESTER 

SYRACUSE 

NEW  HAVEN 

PATERS  ON 

FALL  RIVER 

STJOSEPH 

OMAHA 

LOS  ANGELES 

MEMPHIS 

SCRANTON 


0 

0 

0 

30 

do 

60 

60 

70                           eo                           90                           10 

1 

II 

PIV^T"  '! 

jIBBI 

1 

1 

1 

za 

^i^^Bf^r~|i 

1      1      II 

1 

■ 

J_L 

1   ^ 

jBg^ili"" 

J 

\ 

ZZZl 

L— 

— 

! 

1 

1- — 

1 

■■ 

S^fci^ii 

1 

1 

1 

— ■ 

11:111                   1.  ITTJ     1  1 1 1     ! 

1 

z_ 

■  i  II 

r"  ■ 



\ 

1 

C.E^ 

--U--J-  J  ^  -        ; 

— 1 

II 

^ii^^^t     I_d__«ii_ 

1 

II 

„1_ 

.1               1                     ■! 

1             r     ■!!  1        ■■■■■i^ap»«i    '    1   1    i 

\ 

1 

1       'III     ^ttmrn/m  \  \ 

II 

'  flH^^I^^HVr~^ 

JIL 

1 

1    1  !             Hi 

^     ll  II 

-1 — - 

1 

1 

- 

III     '!            Ill      ■  IMI II 

1!       ! 

1 

1  1    1 

!__ 

■  ■■■Nl   HI 

!       1 

'.    '  'i    1    j     nil  III 

iz:   • 
1 

1 

— V 

1 

— 1 

1. 

1 

— u 

1  1 

1       II       ^m-m\ 

=[ 

1 

WP^f  1  III 



~i 

■II     ■ 

\\      III) 

111     . 

i-LL 

!         11.1 : 

■^    z            11  Bi 

1 

III!             1  ■  ;l    in 

1 

_L 



L 

[ 

- 

1 

1      ll       1      l»  1  1    1      1  II 

1 

1 

1     'mm\        1        1        II               :l;l 

-  :  u 

.1 

r^ 

ftZd 

^i^I^L    I.Lli|J        .          ,          , 

1      1       !       II 

1 

.!__ 

1      1      !      1    ■■  1 

— ra 

-      - 

1 

zz 

:c7::n: 

^I] 

1 ',        -1 
1 

1 

— 

1 

^■^1  1      IHi       1    III 

1     1 

:..| 

1 

^m^sn    M  1  1 1  i«    '. 

1 

III  1 

1      \   m-  ,             -nw- 

I  1   GERMANY 


IRELAND 


I  1  CANADA  AND   NEWFOUNDLAND 

I  [  ENGLAND.  SCOTLAND. AND   WALES 

m^l  NORWAY,  SWEDEN, AND  DENMARK 


Q ]    BOHEMIA 


I  i    FRANCE 


[ -J   JAPAN 

I  I    ALL  OTHERS 


JUtlUS  Bten  aCO.  LITH  ri  V 


i.DKXsrri-  oi^'  .\.vri\'i-:.s  of  f.KHMA.vi'.  moo 


PLATE  No.65 


2.PHOPOHT1UX  OF  XA'11M-:S  OF  GHR.VLVXY  TO  TOTAL  1'OPL'I^.VTION  :  I'JOO 


JULIUS  BICN&CO  LITH.N.Y. 


PLATE  No.  66 


l.UKXSITY  UK  .\.VriVi;.S  OF  ll!l-;i.ANI)  .  I900 


lar         c>-        iB' 


2  .  PROPUliTIOX  OK  XATA-ES  Ol"  1HKI^\NU  TO  TOTAL  I'Ori'I.ATION  ;  1900 


JULIUS  BlENaCO.UTH.N.Y 


PLATE  No.67 


1.  UKXSITY  OK  .\ATIVi:s  OF  (JUKAT  MKITAIX    19{)() 


2.  PHOPORTIUX  OF  XATI\ES  OF  GRKAT  URITAIX  TOTOTAI,  I'Ol'lI.A'l'lOX  :  1900 


Iff-       \rr        ig 


JULIUS  SieNiCO-LTTH.  NY, 


PLATE  No.68 


1.  l)K.\SI'r^-  OK  NATIVRS  OF  CANADA:  litOO 


2.  PROPORTION  OF  NATIN^S  OF  C-\N.\DA  TO  TO  TAI.  I'OPIJIATION  :  lOOO     . 


JULIUS  BIEN&CO.UTM.N  Y 


PLATE  No  69 


i.  DK.N'fcHTY  OFSCAXniNAVIANS:  190() 


2.  PROPOIITION  OKSCANOINAVIANS  TO  TOTAL  POI'UI.A'I'ION  J  I'JOO 


PLATE  No.70 


GE0GHAI>II1('AL  DlSTIUJiUTION  OF  GROUPS  Ol-' NATIONS  :  lOOO  AM)  1690 


l.TF-MTTONS 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


NEW   YORK 

ILLINOIS 

PENNSYLVANIA 

WISCONSIN 

OHIO 

MICHIGAN 

NEW  JERSEY 

IOWA 

MINNESOTA 

MISSOURI 

CALIFORNIA 

INDIANA 


2. GRECO     LATINS 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


:i.  inisii 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


4.  SI.A\*S 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


f- 

H-  i         i 

! 

^^ 

1 

^ 

^ 

■     i 



^^ 

\ 

-    ' 

■ 

• 

19()(1 


1890 


JULIUS  BlEN&CO  LiTH  N  v 


GEOaRAPIilCAI.  DTSTRlHrTIO>'  OF  CKOUPS  OF  NATIONS  :  1900  AND  1890 


PLATE  N( 


1.  SC.VNDrNAVIANS 

HUNDREDS    OFTHOUSANDS 


2. BRITISH 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW  YORK 

MASSACHUSETTS 

ILLINOIS 

OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 

MICHIGAN 

CALIFORNIA 

IOWA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CONNECTICUT 

WISCONSIN 

UTAH 

MISSOURI 

COLORADO 

KANSAS 

MINNESOTA 

INDIANA 

WASHINGTON 

NEBRASKA 

MONTANA 

TEXAS 

OREGON 

MARYLANP 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


"-:: 
T 
5 
fl 

5 

^ 


3.HUrnSH  AMKRIOVNt 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 


MASSACHUSETTS 

MICHIGAN 

NEW  YORK 

MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

ILLINOIS 

MINNESOTA 

RHODE   ISLAND 

WISCONSIN 

CALIFORNIA 

N.DAKOTA 

CONNECTICUT 

VERMONT 

OHIO 

WASHINGTON 

IOWA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MONTANA 

COLORADO 

NEBRASKA 

MISSOURI 

KANSAS 

OREGON 

NEW  JERSEY 

S.DAKOTA 


r-*-P 


t— ^-^ 


^H 


1900 


■I.ASIATICS 

HUNDREDS    OFTHOUSANDS 


0 
CALIFORNIA 

OREGON 

NEW  YORK 

WASHINGTON  ^ 

MASSACHUSETTS        f 


fP- 


1890 

I 1 


JL'LIUS  eiEN  &CO.LITf 


PLATE  No.72 


1.  DENSITY  OF  FOREIGN  BORN  P<)PULAT10N:1900 


2.  DENSITY  OF  NEGRO  l-OPUI^TION;  liKX) 


N.OAK       I 


Ulan.      \  J        ^       \    ,,»  i  _^»ij© 

I- — .V— ( »•'■  1  '"L  r?T% 
N    i  ..„  ;        ,---1— j^  f  -  y  ".">^---^-* 


':> 


]  -I  loH  toasq  mil*' 

[j  '.T.andovpr  toasqmile 


H.DAK      1  /     j7       -A 


;^-Vc-| 


C^tolfsqmil?'  Cai'"1"'»»n™l>'       I luoemawmile 


}  A  tol'.  toasq  milp       ^015  tozfi 


2f>Hnd  (ivprtoa  w^milc 


3.  PROPORTION  OF  FOREIGN  BORN  TO  TOTAL  POPULATION:  lifOO 


4.  PROPOKTION  OF  NEGRI)  TO  TOTAL  P<JPULAT!0N:1900 


4     )         "Out 


NOAK.     I  .  '     /? 


I         IftH 


ANS  1       MO 


I       iLeasUianonf  percen'  |       |  i  lo  5  per  ce.n  I       l  s  i()lQper<ein 

fm Kno 20  .  rawill.'OtoS-t   .  B^  34percent  anrtmei 


1 1  Leas  than  one  per  cent  Ct] '  i"  "  P"  ^"i'  EI3  •  i""  P«'  <•«■" 

MM  17 lo :i'>  per  font  BIB 35 percent  and  over 


5. INCREASE  AND  DECREASE  OF  THE  FOREIGN  BORN.ISOO  TO  19()0 


6.INCREASF,  AND  DECREASE  OF  THE  NEGRO  POPULATI0N:1890  TO  1900 


A,    "  / )    ""— 


/  I         COLO 


U""'    \  °    )    r  T,„,oi  _^ 

I 

i 


«.»S  I      KO    \       «.-'-,  \^      " 


re...  V.L       \^- 


11^ 


\  r 


■^  T  C  K  A  S 


"^.  f, 

,-  '  s 


r\ 


1"  -  "1  IVoportional  increase 
\        I  Proportional  decrease 


WW  Proportional  inci*ea_se 
I       I  Proportional  decrease 


UUUS  BIEN  A  CO   L'TM 


PLATE  No.  73 


1.  Dis'i'Miiu'TioN  oi' XA'i'i\'i-:s  OP  c'lMrrAiN  K()Hj':i(;.\  corxTHiKS  :  looo 


GERMANY 


HUNDREDS    OF    THOUSANOS 


NEW  YORK 

ILLINOIS 

WISCONSIN 

PENNSirH/ANI* 

OHIO 

MICHIGAN 

IOWA 

NEW  JERSFV 

MINNESOTA 

MISSOURI 

INDIANA 

CALirORNIA 

NEBRASKA 

TEXAS 

MARYLAND 

KANSAS 

CONNECTICUT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

KENTUCKY 

S  DAKOTA 

WASHINGTON 

COLORADO 

OREGON 

LOUISIANA 

N.DAKOTA 


MASSACHUSETTS 

MICHIGAN 

NF.W  YORK 

MAINE 

NEW  HAMF3HIHE 

ILI  INOIS 

MINNESOTA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

WISCONSIN 

CALIFORNIA 

N.DAKOTA 

CONNECTICUT 

VERMONT 

OHIO 

WASHINGTON 

IOWA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MONTANA 

COLORADO 

NEBRASKA 


CANADA    AND    NtW  FOUNDLAND 


1 


NEW   YORK 

MASSACHUSETTS 

PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  JERSEY 

CONNECTICUT 

OHIO 

CALIFORNIA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MtSSOURI 

MICHIGAN 

IOWA 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

INDIANA 

MARYLAND 

NEW  HAMPSHIRC 

KANSAS 

NEBRASKA 

MAINE 

COLORADO 

KENTUCKY 

MONTANA 


GREAT    BRITAI  N 


PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW  YORK 

MASSACHUSETTS 

ILLINOIS 

OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 

MICHIGAN 

CALIFORNIA 

IOWA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CONNECTICUT 

WISCONSIN 

UTAH 

MISSOURI 

COLORADO 

KANSAS 

MINNESOTI 

INDIANA 

WASMINGION 

NEBRASKA 

MONTANA 

TEXAS 

OREGON 


1 


NORWAY,  SWEDEN   AND    DENMARK 


MINNESOTA 

ILLINOIS 

WISCONSIN 

lOWA 

NEW  YORK 

N.DAKOTA 

MICHIGAN 

NEBRASKA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

S.DAKOTA 

CALIFORNIA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

WASHINGTON 

KANSAS 

CONNECTICUT 

UTAH 

COLORADO 

NEW  JERSEY 

MONTANA 


■ 
■ 
I 
I 


PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW   YOBK 

ILLINOIS 

WISCONSIN 

MICHIGAN 

MASSACHUSETTS 

OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 

MINNESOTA 

CONNECTICUT 


NEW   YORK 

PENNr>YLVANlA 

ILLINOIS 

MASbACHUSETTS 

NEW  JERSEY 

N. DAKOTA 

S.DAKOTA 

CONNECTICUT 

MARYLAND 

KANSAS 


NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW  .'ERSEY 

MASSACHUSETTS 

1LLINX)IS 

CALIFORNIA 

CONNECTICUT 

LOUISIANA 

OHIO 


2.  PERCENTAGE    OF   EACH    NA'm'ITY  IN    C  IT  I  MS  i)V 
LXHAIUTANTS  OJt  MdM-:  :  U>()() 


()()() 


RUSSIA 

POLAND 

ITALY 

IRtLAND 

BOHEM  lA 

AUSTR I  A 

HUNaAR> 

GEPMANY 

FRANCE 

GREAT  BR  IT  A 

HOLLAND 

CANADA  (ENGLISH. 

CANADAIFRENCMI 

SWEDEN 

DEN  MARK 

NORWAY 


JUl'USBIEh  «CO.LITH.r.  -r 


PLATE  r' 


1.  wiiiTi-:  I'opui^vnox  offoreign  i'AUKN'PA(ii-:,i\('Lri)i\('.  foiii<:u;x  mms  wihtks. 

BY  ST.Vl'l-'.SANDTKKnrrOUIFS.  1900. 


HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS 

O  2  4-  6  6  10  1?  14  :6  16  20  22  :*4         26         28         30  32  3<I  36         38  AC  d-2  44 


NEW  YOPK 
ILLINOIS 
PENNSYLVANIA 
MASSACHUSETTS 
WISCONSIN 
OHIO 

MICHIGAN 
MINNESOT/V 
NEW  JERSEY 
lOWA 

CALIFORNIA 
MISSOURI 
CONNECTICUT 
INDIANA 
NEBRASKA 
TEXAS 
KANSAS 
RHODE  ISLAND 
MARYLAND 
N.DAKOTA 
S.  DAKOTA 
WASHINGTON 
COLORADO 
MAINE 
KENTUCKY 

UTAH 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

LOUISIANA 

OREGON 

MONTANA 

VERMONT 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
IDAHO 
TENNESSEE 
DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 
OKLAHOMA 

VIRGINIA 

ARIZONA 

ARKANSAS 

ALABAMA 

FLORIDA 

WYOMING 

GEORGIA 

DELAWARE 

NEW  MEXICO 

HAWAII 

MISSISSIPPI 

NEVADA 

S  CAROLINA 

INDIAN  TEB. 

ALASKA 

N  CAROLINA 


2.  PROPORTION  OFALIENS  TO  TOTAL  FOREIGN  BORN  M^U^ES  OP  VOTINGAGE 

IN  EACH  SPECIFIED  NATIVm' :  lOOO.  i 


PER     CENT 


JULIUS  BltN  ftCO  LITI 


Thf  absiJiuH'  orcoloriiuliraU's  an  a^gix^^iite 
population  of  less  lhJin2inhabilanlsioasqiiare  mile 


k'lf^T^M 


PLATE  No.  75 


PROPuimuN  .      . 
OF  WHITES  OF I'Ol !l'.ir. N  FAREiYT/UVE 
TOTOT.VI.POl'l'UVnON 

united'  states 

at  IhcTwcirUi  Ci'usus 

lyou 

tJonipiU'd  liv 
HENHV    OASSKTT.    tJP'OGBAPHE 

L 1 I 1 


JULIUS  Bl  EN  «b  CO  LITH.NY. 


PLATE  No  76 


1  THE   PREDOMINATINC  SEX:  1900 


•"'  I     NO., 

I  ;         K..S  I      «0    \ 

I   "MI,.  ;       LJ^""i  «««/ "I 


•A k 


2  PROPORTION  OFDIVORCKDTO  MARRiED:1900 

^3=^:^ 

/       •€►       i'  '— r _i        "UK        \ 


I        IFamoles  inexress  | ]  MaJos  in  excess  f"!  5  to  10  per  c«n 


r     11010  20  per  cent 


J^}20per cent  and  aver 


Less  than  .Sto  1 

.5  per  cent  percent 


f=i  mm 

1  to  L  5  1  5perc»fnt 

per  cent  and  over 


3.(iAIN  OK  LOSS  AS  THE  RESULT  OF  .\IJ>  M!C.R.\TI()N:  19(K) 


-\  I'liOlOHTlON  OK  AI.IRNSTOFORF.IGXBORN  MALES  2lYF.\RS0FAt;KANI)tTVT.»;  1900 


'  '      7^-- )l)«l«J     t Y~TtKH 


!  T — ■kissj  »L»    '*  y 

Tt^Aa         \l*( \,p — ^. — 


±:L 


I       1  Gain 
|~     1  Loss 


Less  than        lOtoiO  20to3U  30to-40  -lOtoSO        SOperceni 

10  per  cent     percent         percent        percent         percent        andowr 


SVjATS  or  loss  as  the  RESITLT  OF  INTERSTATE  MIGRATION:  mOO 


THti" 


/    c 


"Our 


r- 


/         *e^         ,  - — .__ I  NtBl 

\  ,  r  KANS  I 

"--I L_ 


^l-A- 


«  PROPORTION  UFFOKi:illX  HORN  WHITES  lOYKAKSOF ACE  ;\NDOVER 
WHO  CWNOT  SPEAK  KNGUSH:  1900 


■•,  '»•   //    — - 

/    .^  i  X  ^  r r 

/  ^      \  MOkt  i  » 


r 

A.        I  «.„  I         -l_. 

I        COto 


I       1  Gam 
r      iLoss 


Lessthan  lOtolS  ISioZ-S  25  percent 

10  per  cent  percent  percent  arntover 


JUUUS  eiEN  4  CO   LITH  f 


PLATE  No.  77 


CONJUGAL  CONDITION   Ol'  THK  POPULATION   BY  A(iE  ANJ)   SKX. 
IN  PROPoimoNS  OI--  TIIK   'loTAL  NI'MHKH   OF  EACH  A<il-:  Ol^OCI^ 


AGOKKC.ATK    POPULATION:  190O 


55  -  SA- 
45-5* 

35-44 
30  -  34- 
25  ~  29 
20  -    24 

15-19 


MALES 

FEMALES 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

4S    - 

5* 

35   - 

•M- 

30  - 

34. 

25   - 

29 

20  - 

24 

15  - 

■  9 

_ 

15 

PER  CENT 


65  -t- 
55  -  64 
45-54 
35-4* 
30  -  34 
25  -  29 
20    -    24 


AGGREGATK    I'OIT 

MALES 


Ai'ioN  :  lano 

FEMALES 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

65  *■ 
55  -  64 
45  -  54 
35-44 
30  -  34 
25  -  29 
20  -  24 
15-19 
15 


20  40  60  80 


PER   CENT 


NATUi-;  wmri-:  ok  nati\'k  pahi^ntsmmou 

MALES  FEMALES 


65  -t- 
55  -  64 
45-54 
35-44 
30  -  34 
25  -  29 
20  -  24 
15-19 
-  15 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 , 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

PER   CENT 


NATIVE   WHITE  OK  KOUEION    PARENTS:  U)()0 


55    - 

61 

45    - 

54 

3S  - 

44 

30   - 

34 

25    - 

29 

20  - 

24 

MALES 

FEMALES 

1 

" 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1, 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i        1 

i 

Sin^It* 


PER   CENT 

Married 


60  80 


65   ^ 
55    -  64 

45-54 
3S  -  44 
30  -  34 
25   -    29 

20  -  24 
15  -    i9 


^VVidowod 


JULIUS  BICNA  CO  LlXH  N  V 


PLATE  No.78 


CON.IUtlAI.   CONDri'ION    OF    11 1 K   1>()1>I 'LATION    BY  ACK  AND   SKX. 
IX  l'H(HM)in-i()NS  ()!■    Till-:    I'd'IAL  NUMBER  ()I"I':A(II  A(1P:  (IHOl'P;  I!H)() 

FOREKiN  WIIITK 


65    4- 

55  -  64 
45-54 
35-44 
30  -  34 
25  -  29 
20  -    24 


MALES 

FEMALES 

■ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

PER   CENT 


MALES 

NEGRO 

FEMALES 

65   > 

1 

1 

1 

55    -  6* 

1 

1 

1 

*5   -  54 

1 

1 

1 

35-44 

1 

30  -    34 

1 

1 

1 

25  -   29 

1 

1 

1 

1 

20  -   24 

1 

1 

1 

15-19 

1 

1 

15 

' 

00 

a 

0 

f 

0 

4 

0 

2 

0 

PER  C 

3 

NT 

2 

0 

4 

O 

6 

0 

80 

10 

INDLAN 


65  + 
55  -  64 
45-54 
35-44 
30  -  34 
25  -  29 
20  -  24 
15-19 


MALES 

FEMALES 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

—1 

PER     CENT 


30   -    34 
25   -   29 


nilNESE  .VXD  J.yWNESE 

flALES  FEMALES 


1 

rn 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

— 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

I!  Single 


PER     CENT 

1  MaiTird 


[  IWidnvv.^d 


65  *■ 
55  -  64 
46-54 
35-44 
30  -  34 
25  -  29 
20  -    24 


JUUU5  eiEN  «C0  I 


PLATF   No    79 


JUUUS  BIEN  ACQ   LITh 


I 


127-  125° 


115°  ii3°  111°  109°  1U7°  IOj"  103"  lor 


TIk'  absonce  ofcoloi-iiuiicatrs  iuiai;*JiiX'^;tle 
populaUonoricsslhiiji2inhaIiUantst(uisiniarciii! 


PLATE  No.  80 


UUJS  3IEN  ft  CO.LlTM  NY 


MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

VERMONT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  YORK 

NEW  JERSEY 

PENNSYLVANIA 

OHIO 

INDIANA 

ILLINOIS 

MICHIGAN 

WISCONSIN 

MINN  ESDI  A 

IOWA 

N.DAKOTA 

S.DAKOTA 

MISSOURI 

NEBRASKA 

KANSAS 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

VIRGINIA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 
N.CAROLINA 
S.CAROLINA 
GEORGIA 

FLORIDA 

KENTU.OKY 

TENNESSEE 

ALABAMA 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

TEXAS 

OKLAHOMA 

ARKANSAS 

INDIAN  TER 

MONTANA 

WYOMING 

COLORADO 

NEW  MEXICO 

ARIZONA 

UTAH 

NEVADA 

IDAHO 

WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

CALIFORNIA 


WA            1        WW/A 

ZML 

1        1    mwA 

m       i    \wA 

^ 

\  mm\ 

K 

^0M!M   I 

\ 

1  F##^ 

_J 

VM^ 

—\. 

'i 

vm^  if 

J 

mm  i 

m. 

m  i 

W'4          %  \ 

^ 

WA\ 

M 

mk\ 

f^ 

Wa 

1 

^ 

■■  ■■   ±. 

\m 

1 

1    ^ 

1  ^ 

t 

W^\. 

\ 

N  m 

'\WM     \          \k\    ^. 

-M"     1     1     I         \m 

^ 

1          N  i 

w^  ^ 

-m]        ^m. 

1 1 

m 

g    1        mim 

r^ 

n 

1         :  rm 

W^lf^mfi 

1 

m I  AiM 

1 

p'MMWA\    kj,    V)\ 

— 



[=\ 

— 

1 

w^- 

1 

vMmm 

am 

WM. 

K^iEi:   :   .; 

n 
VM 

W/A 

■i 

'mm 

\ — 

I — 

1 

1 

W/M 

^^ 

t      :              fl 

VM 

W/A 

1 

Y 

WM 

'WM 
\ 

■'/,rMf 

r 

- 

— 

1 

WM 

N_ 

^ 

WW 

WM. 
•WM 

\VM/A 

^ 

tu            J 

^     i  H ,  f.^ 

V/A 

W/A 

1 

W/MMMMM//A 

^ 

WM 

m  \f 

W^M 

^ 

VM     W. 

_M. 

1    \   0  fi 

V, 

1    1     |f*^^f 

w/M 

WM/mWWA 

1  m^  WM/A 

''A 

VM/Mk 

WMMMMMM 

'A     \       \       \       \       \       \       M  V. 

■■   1    1   f 

'     I      \m  \      wmw/w. 

■     7 

— 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 —        I     1  K 1    ^ 

,  1 

1 

\ — 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 1 — 1  i«  1 — ^ 

1 

■    1    t 

1 

N 

i     1     1     1          \  m     im 

[       _  I  NaliN'e  while 
j  [  Foi-ei^ii  white 


]  Colored 
^lUitei-ate 


PLATE   No. 81 


I 


MALKS  ()!<'  ^'()'^I.\•('.  .\c.i-:  hy  color  .\nd  nativity,  and  by  illiteracy:  inoo 


PER     CENT 


i 


JULIUS  BIEN  ACOLn-M  N.Y. 


PLATE  No.  82 


FROPOHTIOX  OK  II-LITKHATI^S  AM()N(.    IIIK    TOTAL  I'Ol'l-LATION    lO  YEARS  OK  AOK  AND  oVKl! 


I!.)00 


1890 


PER      CENT 


i^^ 


liMM 


•— ^ 


JULIUS  SiEN  a  CO  t-tTM  NY 


Plate  No 


PHOPOnXIOX   OK  ILI.nRRATF:.S   AMONG   THK  NATrVT.   WHITE   POPULATION 

lO  YEARS  OF  AOE  ATs'D  (Al'M 

l!IO()  I8!H) 


PER   CENT 


mamm 


1 


jULiUs  BicN  »coxn 


PLATE  No  84 


I'WOI'OirnoN  OK  IM,1TK»ATES  AMONO  THK   FOiy^IGN  WHITE  POPUI,All(»N    lO  VK.AJIS  OK  AGE  AND  0\T:R 


li)00 


m90 


PER      CENT 


"1 — r 


I      I      I 


juuus  aiEN  •  cai.i'; 


PLATE  N( 


PR()l>ORT10N  OF  ILLITERATES  AMONG  THE  NEGRO   rOPULATION    10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER 


1900 


1890 


LOUISIANA 

ALABAMA 

S  CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

MISSISSIPPI 

N.CAROLINA 

VIRGINIA 

ARKANSAS 

INDIAN  TER 

TtNNESSEE 

KENTUCKY 

fLORIDA 

TEXAS 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MISSOURI 

OKLAHOMA 

OrST  or  COLUMBIA 

NEVADA 
INDIANA 
KANSAS 
HAWAII 

NEW  MEXICO 
IOWA 

ILLINOIS 
OHIO 

WYOMING 

NEW  JERSEY 

PENNSYLVANIA 

VERMONT 

IDAHO 

MAINE 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CALlfORNIA 

S  DAKOTA 

COLORADO 

N.DAKOTA 

ARIZONA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

NEBRASKA 

WASHINGTON 

CONNECTICUT 

WISCONSIN 

MONTANA 

MICHIGAN 

NEW  YORK 

MASSACHUSETTS 

OREGON 

MINNESOTA 

UTAH 

ALASKA 


PER    ce:nt 

60  0  10 


■naiMi 


*H^i 


^^•^^mi 


m^^m 


!     i     I 


r— ^ 


^^ 


JULIUS  BrEN&CO  LI 


PLATE  No.86 


PROPORTION   OF  WHITE   PERSONS   OK    I OWKUIN  PARKNTAGE,  lO  YEAFIS  OF  AGE  AND  OVER, 

WHO  CANNOT   SPEAK  ENGLISH:  1900 


PER     CENT 


><  ft  CO  LITH  MY 


PLATE  No  87 


CJ^XSSIFK'ATIOX  OF  Tin-:  OCCUPATIONS  BVHACE  .\NT)  NATIVITY:  1900 


NATIVE    WHITE 
OF 
NATIVE   PARENTS 


NATIVE    WHITE 

OF 

FOREIGN  PARENTS 


FOREIGN   WHITE 


COLORED 


1 

' 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

5 

■4 

7 

1 

4 

A 

1 

2 

.   — ■ 

S 

Ifl 

12 

13 

15 

6 

— '^ 

i 

la 

5 

6 

7 

19 

20 

21 

« 

8 

7 

8 

1 

— ! 

i 

I 

'^ 

3 

3 

3 

1 

■^ 

^ 

ft 

5 

~i — 

2 

5 

6 

6 

7 

21 

8 

7 

9 

s 

1 

2 

3 

4 

3 

i 

\ 1 

i _ 

4 

5 
7 

2 

5 

=:*= 

<0 

IJ 

^ 

6 

7 

{ 

?l 

9 

8 

1 

3 

! 

•♦ 

— i— 

5 

e 

s 

4 

7 

30— 

2 

6 

9 

21 

AGRICULTURAL 
PURSUITS 


PROFESSIONAL 
SERVICE 


DOMESTIC  AND 
PERSONAL  SERVICE 


TRADE  AND 
TRANSPORTATION 


MANUFACTURING  AND 
MECHANICAL  PURSUITS 


I 


I  I     I     AGRICULTURAL 

LABORERS 
?.    FARMERS.    ETC. 
3    ALL  OTHERS 


[  I    I  CLERGYMEN 

2  LAWYERS 

3  PHYSICIANS 

4  TEACHERS 

5  ALLOTHERS 


cz: 


t    BARBERS 

2  HOUSEKEEPERS 

3  LABORERS 

4  LAUNDERERS 

5  NURSES 

6  SERVANTS 

7  WATCHMtN,   ETC 

8  ALLOTHERS 


cz: 


<     AGENTS 

?.    BOOKKEEPERS 

3  CLERKS  6  COPYISTS 

4  ORAVMEN.HACKMEN  ETC 

5  MERCHANTS 
t    SALESMEN 

7    STEAM  R  R  EMPLOYEES 

STENOCRAPHERS 
*    STTPEWRITESS 

9    ALLOTHERS 


CD 


1  CARPENTERS 

2  MASONS 

3  PAINTERS    ETC 
-*  PLUMBERS 

5  MINERS 

6  BUTCHERS 

7  BLACKSMITHS 

8  IRON  a  STEEL  WORKERS 

9  MACHINISTS 

10  BOOTS   SHOE    MAKERS 


11  SAW  MILL   EMPLOYEES 

12  PRINTERS    ETC 

13  COTTON   MILL  OPERATIVES 

14  OTHER  TEXTILE  MILL  OPERATIVES 

15  DRESSMAKERS 

16  SEAMSTRESSES 

17  TAILORS 

16  ENGINEERS 

19  MANUFACTURERS   ETC. 

TOBACCO  8  CIGAR 

FACTORY  OPERATIVES 
21  ALLOTHERS 


20 


UJS  BlEM  •  CO   :.ITH-K  ** 


PHOPOHTIONS   }iY  XATIX'I'rY  AM)   RACE  Ol'  l'i;i<S().\S   K.NdAC.l-:!)  I  N 
Till-:   I'KIXCIl'AI.  OCCri'ATIO.NS:  H»()() 


PLATE  N088 


ALL  OCCUPATIONS 


PEW     CENT 


inrr 


:ji:i 


AGRICULTURAL  PURSUITS 
AGRICULTURAL  LABORERS 
FARMERS,  PLANTERS,AND  OVERSEERS 

PROFESSIONAL  SERVICE 
CLERGYMEN 

LAWYERS 

PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS 

TEACHERS  AND   PROFESSORS    IN   COLLEOES,  ETC. 

DOMESTIC    AND    PERSONAL   SERVICE 
BARBERS   AND    HAIRDRESSERS 
HOUSEKEEPERS    AND  STEWARDS 
LABORERS     I  NOT   SPECIFIED' 
LAUNDERERS    AND    LAUNDRESSES 
NURSES    AND    MIDWIVES 
SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 
WATCHMEN,  POLICEMEN. FIREMEN    ETC 

TRADE    AND    TRANSPORTATION 
AGENTS 

BOOKKEEPERS    AND  ACCOUNTANTS 
CLERKS  AND  COPYISTS 
DRAYMEN,  HACKMEN  .TEAMSTERS,  ETC, 
MERCHANTS  AND  DEALERS    I  EXCEPT  WHOLESALE  I 
SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
STEAM    RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 
STENOGRAPHERS  AND  TYPEWRITERS 

MANUFACTURING  AND   MECHANICAL  PURSUITS 
CARPENTERS  AND  JOINERS 
MASONS     IBRICK    AND   STONE) 
PAINTERS, GLAZIERS;AND    VARNISHERS 
PLUMBERS   AND  GAS  AND    STEAM    FITTERS 
MINERS    AND  QUARRYMEN 
BUTCHERS 
BLACKSMITHS 
IRON  AND  SIEELWORKERS 
MACHINISTS 

BOOT  AND    SHOE    MAKERS    AND    REPAIRER 
SAW    AND    PLANING    MILL  EMPLOYEES 
PRINTERS,   LITHOGRAPHERS,  AND    PRESSMEN 
COTTON    MILL  OPERATIVES 
OTHER    TEXTILE    MILL  OPERATIVES 
DRESSMAKERS 
SEAMSTRESSES 
TAILORS  AND  TAILORESSES 

ENGINEERS   AND    FIREMEN    (NOT  LOCOMOTIVE! 
MANUFACTURERS    AND    OFFICIALS  ,  ETC 
TOBACCO  AND  CIGAR  FACTORY   OPERATIVES 


I      I  i 


Hi 


r  1 

!      i      I      1      1     II      1      1      !      1      1       1 

' 

[    H--H-  -iL                 1   ■!  I'M 

■■ 

r|                I  1      1     1 

ti    i   -^^1-    '    r   i~  J 

1 

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1       1 

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1 

1 

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■■ ;:  .          Ill     II 

1 

1                 1 1  i 

1     1     ,  II 

1 

1     1     1     1 

1 

"T                    III 

III 

, 

L_._| 



—  - 

^ 

T — ^ 

1    1    11 

1 1 — 1 — n — 

1 



1 

1 



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1      III 

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1 

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1            1            1            1            II 

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I 


c 


Niitivf  whitf  oi  Tuiiiv*'  ^larcnt-s 


\  I  NatJvp  whitp  of  Ajreign  parents 

[  I  Chinese, Japaiipsf  and  Incimn 


JULIUS  SI£N«  CO  UTH  N 


PLATE  No  89 


l.l'OPri.ATION  10  YEARS  OF  AGE  AN'H  ()Vi:i{.HY  SKX. 
CLASSIKIK:  >  as  VVACK  tL\iy<KKS and  NO.N  WAl.K  KAHNKIJS  :190() 


2.P0PT'I-ATr()N  UIIT-IARS  OK  AGK.\Nn  0\-KlX.HY COLOR 
A\n  GK  NR I  !.\l.  NATINITY,  CL.VSSI  I'lEl )  AS  \VA(  .V.  HSRXERS 
AND  NON  \VA()E  J-^ARNEKS  :1900 


;,  . 

1 

a. 

ALES 

LU 

WAGE 

EARNERS 

Z 

< 

UJ 

fci. 

UJ 

o 

1 

< 

1 

5 

1 

z 
o 

F   E    M  A 

;    WAGE 
L  E  S 

EARNERS 

2 

■  ^ 

r 

■# 

y) 

NATIVE       JvHITE 

UJ 

z 

0  F 
NATIVE       P/lR£NTS 

X 

IT 

UJ 

< 

UJ 

z 
a. 

1 

< 

< 

NATIVE       V\   MITE      OF 

UJ 

5 

FOREIGN 

PARENTS 

o 

I 

< 

z 

1 

t 

o 

z 

FOREIGN      WH  ITE 

1 

c 

0  LOR  EO 

^'.iv-\  :;\^  NV-\v-"v\v^-!Nxk^^-^5;$^$>^x\i^vvx^s; 

a.EI^EMENTS  OF  THE  P0PU1.A1'R)N  lOllOARS  01- AGE  AND  OWB  jri'SEX, 
CLXSSIFIEI )  AS  WAGE  K.\RNERS  AND  NON-  WAGE  E.MINI-:RS  :  1900 


NATIVE  WHITE  OF  NATI\T,PAR>:NTS 


NA  TIX-E  WI 1  ITE  OF  FOREIGN  PARENTS 


(/) 

(r       M 

ALES                                                  ^     I 

UJ 

°^  ; 

z 

UJ        ■; 

tr 

^       \ 

< 

ff        < 

UJ 

<      -^ 

ui    •? 

"1 

5                                                             ^ 

"  S'U 

Z                                                          F  E    M   A   L    E  'S          S 

O 

Z 

-?.-\-->;^ 

■5 

V) 

i 

a. 

MtJA 

L    £ 

S 

UJ 

cn 

2 

cc 

(T 

UJ 

< 

2 

UJ 

< 

UJ 

-gj 

O 

., 

< 

^, 

U< 

5 

< 

z 

F 

F 

M 

A 

1 

F    !S 

? 

o 

z 

FOREIGN  \VHITH 


COLORED 


■; 

in 

cc 

UJ    N 

(ALES 

CO 

2 

IX 

oc 

U( 

< 

2 

■; 

UJ 

tr 
< 

UJ 

UJ 

o 

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F   E    M  A  L 

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— uJ- 

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JUUUS  BIEN&COUTH.N.V. 


PLATE 


PROPORTION  Ol'  MAl.KS  AND  I'KMAI.IIS  IN  KAt  11  (  l.ASS   Ol' < )(  (  I  :i 'AiK  )NS 
.AND  IN  (  KHTAIN   OCCrPAIION    (.ItOll'S:  1S)0() 


PER     CENT 


ALL  OCCUPATIONS 


AGRICULTURAL  PURSUITS 
AGRICULTURAL  LABORERS 
FARMERS,  PLANTERS, AND  OVERSEERS 


PROFESSIONAL  SERVICE 
ARTISTS    AND  TEACHERS    OF  ART 
MUSICIANS    AND  TEACHERS   OF    MUSIC 
TEACHERS    AND    PROFESSORS    IN    COLLEGES,    ETC 


DOMESTIC    AND    PERSONAL   SERVICE 
BOARDING  AND   LODGING    HOUSE  KEEPERS 
HOUSEKEEPERS    AND   STEWARDS 
LABORERS      i  NOT   SPECIFIED* 
LAUHDERERS    AND  LAUNDRESSES 
NURSES    AND    MIDWIVES 
SERVANTS     AND    WAITERS 


TRADE    AND    TRANSPORTATION 
BOOKKEEPERS     AND   ACCOUNTANTS 
CLERKS  AND  COPYISTS 
PACKERS   AND    SHIPPERS 
SALESMEN     AND    SALESWOMEN 
STENOGRAPHERS   AND  TYPE  WRITERS 
TELEGRAPH    AND    TELEPHONE  OPERATORS 


MANUFACTURING    ^ND  MECHANICAL   PURSUITS 
CONFECTIONERS 

BOOT    AND    SHOE    MAKERS    AND    REPAIRERS 
CLOCK  AND  WATCH    MAKERS    ANO    REPAIRERS 
GOLD    AND    SILVER     WORKERS 
BOOKBINDERS 
BOXMAKERS    (PAPER) 
PAPER  AND    PULP   MILL    OPERATIVES 
PRINTERS,  LITHOGRAPHERS, AND    PRESSMEN 
BLEACHERS  ANO    DVE  WORKS    OPERATIVES 
CARPET  FACTORY    OPERATIVES 
COTTON   MILL  OPERATIVES 

HOSIERY    AND    KNITTING    MILL    OPERATIVES 
SILK    MILL    OPERATIVES 
WOOLEN   MILL  OPERATIVES 
OTHER    TEXTILE    MILL   OPERATIVES 
DRESSMAKERS 
HAT    AND    CAP    MAKERS 
MILLINERS 
SEAMSTRESSES 

SHIRT,    COLLAR, AND    CUFF    MAKERS 
TAILORS    AND    TAILORESSES 
OTHER     TEXTILE    WORKERS 
GLOVEMAKERS 
PHOTOGRAPHERS 
RUBBER    FACTORY   OPERATIVES 
TOBACCO    AND   CIGAR    FACTORY    OPERATIVES 


1       T     I 


I       I 


1       i 


!^ 


^-f« 


:-L  I 


^ 


M;ilr 


Kt'initlr 


PLATE  No.  91 


PROPORTIONS  OF  PERSONS  ENGAGED  IN  CERTAIN  GROUPS  OK  OCCUPATIONS 

TO  ALL  WAGE  EAI=INERS:  1900 


1. AGRICULTURE 


...       .7    i. 


<:.  ,-J 


c,n\  ,    "'^^ 


.         MAN9  I      MO      (^        L.r^  ,s 


<\ 


)    \    \ 


^ 


CI]        CZD        

Lcssthan        20to35  35To6()      aiperrem 

20  per  cent     percent        per  cant        and  over 


2.  MANUFACTURING  AND  MECHANICAL  PURSUITS 


/  ".«  /  1 V, 


J^''     ^\>oV 


LessUmn        10  10  20  20lo4U     40  per  cent 

lOpeiceni     percent        percent       and  over 


•^^ 


.1.  MINING  AND    QUARRYING 


4f    TRADE  AND  TRANSPORTATION 


-1:"--^-""^^--^^^'' 


-tr — (  •" 


T-        \       1 

l*N3  I      MO     1         / 

—-J    y.'- 


•'7 


^ 


vr 


j--'---=V^ 


.A 


UtA^ 


HZU         IZZl 

Less  than  2  to  5  f>tu  lo  lOpei  cent 

2percent      percent        percent         ami  over 


CZ]        (ZZl        [ISl 

Less  than        10  to  16       IG  i>er  cent 
lOpercem     percent        and  over 


5.  DOMESTIC  AND  PERSONAL  SERVICE 


6.  PROFESSIONAL  SERVICE 


HAHS  I       MO      I         /._^ 

1      \L---     ■ 

.-'-'.■.oil    .«.,'— T"*,         \ 


v-H-)"\-' 


i^ 


-'""N 


J^ 


Vi 


<:i 


CZl        [ZZ] 

Less  than      15  to  20     20  per  cent. 
ISpercent     percent        and  over 


T-7_  '"'"  r — -A 


i-,  •■••    \ 


--Ss 


.^NV 


Less  than         3  to  5*         5  per  cent 
3  percent      percent       and  over 


JUl-.US  BiEN  *C0  vTM.f 


PLATE  No  92 


PROPORTIONS   OF  PERSONS   ENGAOKI)  IX  EACH  CLASS    OF  OCCUPATIONS  :  1900 


PER    CENT 

50  60 


MISSISSIPPI 

OKLAHOMA 

ARKANSAS 

INDIAN  TER 

S.CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

N.CAROLINA 

TEXAS 

HAWAII 

N.DAKOTA 

GEORGIA 

S.DAKOTA 

TtNNESSEC 

LOUISIANA 

KENTUCKY 

KANSAS 

NEBRASKA 

IOWA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

VIRGINIA 

FLORIDA 

IDAHO 

MISSOURI 

NEW  MEXICO 

MINNESOTA 

INDIANA 

VERMONT 

WISCONSIN 

UTAH 

OREGON 

MICHIGAN 

ARIZONA 

WYOMING 

NEVADA 

MAINE 

WASHINGTON 

OHIO 

DELAWARE: 

ILLINOIS 

MONTANA 

CALIFORNIA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MARYLAND 

COLORADO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW   YORK 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  JERSEY 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

ALASKA 


i 

1      1 

1    :i    11    1     II 

1      !l 

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( 

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C ]  Agriculture 

I         I  Manufactures 
I         I  Muiing 
^H  Fishing 


I i  Traile  and  transportation 

11  Domestic  and  personal  service 
I         I  Professional  service 


us  BIEN  &  CO   L 


PLATE  No.  93 


PltOPOHTIONS  OF  I'ERSONS   ENGAGED  IN  KACU    CI.A.SS  Ol"  OCCUPATIONS  :  18M() 


MISSISSIPPI 

S, CAROLINA 

ARKANSAS 

N.CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

OKLAHOMA 

N.DAKOTA 

GEORGIA 

TEXAS 

S.DAKOTA 

TENNESSEE 

LOUISIANA 

KANSAS 

KENTUCKY 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

IOWA 

FLORIDA 

VIRGINIA 

NEBRASKA 

INDIANA 

MISSOURI 

NEW   MEXICO 

VERMONT 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

IDAHO 

MICHIGAN 

OREGON 

ILLINOIS 

MAINE 

OHIO 

UTAH 

DELAWARE 

WASHINGTON 

WYOMING 

ARIZONA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

CALIFORNIA 

NTVADA 

MARYLAND 

MONTANA 

COLORADO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW  YORK 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  JERSEY 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

DIST  or  COLUMBIA 


0 

0 

20 

30 

40 

PER 

CENT 
SO 

60 

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J  A^rioullm-e 
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Mining 


J  Kisliin^ 

J  Ti'ade  and  iransporlalion 

— I  Uoiaestic  and  personal  service 


1  Piofessional  service 


l.;U5  BlEN  ACO  L 


PLATE  No.  94 


DISTRIBUTION  OFWAGE  EARNERS  OF  SPECIFIED  PARENTAGE  BY  PR  INCIPAI.  OCCUPATiONS:I900 


1.  NATIVE 

PER     CENT 


2.IHI.SH 

PER     CENT 


,  S,  PLANTERS,  AND  OVERSEERS 

LTURAL    LABORERS 
r   RS    I  NOT   SPECIFIED  I 

•*rs    AND   WAITERS 

HIS   AND   DEALERS   lEXCtfT   WHOiESALfl 

ITERS    AND   JOIN  ERS 

S   AND    COPVISTS 

BAILHOAO    EMPLOYEES 
hCN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
|l8  AND  PROFESSORS  IN  COLIEOES.ETC 
|*,HACKM£N.TEAMSTERS,ETC. 

lERS  AND  LAUNDRESSES 
|l.     AND    OUARRYMEN 

(MAKERS 
S, GLAZIERS   AND  VARMSHERS 
EPERS   AND  ACCOUNTANTS 
U  TURERS  AND  0FFICIAL6,  ETC. 
C  nsTS 
-   'S 
■i[.  FIREMEN  (NOT   LOCOMOTIVE) 
r    MILL    Ot-ERATIVES 
I    J  PLANING   MILL   EMPLOYEES 
t  NO    STE  EL    WORKERS 

^ND  suf»ge:ons 

\''J,   AND   STEWARDS 

oe    MAKERS   AN  0    REPAIRERS 
I  'THOaRAPHERS,AND  PRESSMEN 


B= 


LABORERS    (NOT   SPEQIFIEDi 

SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 

FARMERS   PLANTERS  AMD  OVERSEERS 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

STEAM   RAILROAD   EMPLOYEES 

DRAYMEN  HACKh«EN,TEAMSTERS. ETC. 

CLERKS   AND    COPYISTS 

SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 

MERCHANTS  AND   DEALERS  (EXCfP^  whOlCSAUi 

DRESSMAKERS 

MINERS    AND    QUARRYMEN 

IRON    AMD    STEEL    WORKERS 

TEACHERS  AND  PROr^SSORS  IN  COUEGfS  ETC. 

WATCHMEN,  POLICEMEN.  FIREMEN, FTC, 

MACHINISTS 

CARPENTERS    AND   JOINERS 

CNOINEERS  AND   FIREMEN  INOT  LOCOMOTIVE* 

BOOT  AND  SHOE    MAKERS  AND    REPAIRERS 

LAUNOCHEPS  AND  LAUNDRESSES 

COTTON   MILL   OPERATIVES    - 

BOOKKEEPERS   ANO  ACCOUNTANTS 

PLUMBERS  AND  CAS  AND  STEAM  FITTERS 

BLACKSMITHS 

MASONS  (BRICK    AND  STONE) 

PAINTERS.  GLAZIERS, ANO  VARNISKERS 

AGENTS 

MANUFACTURERS  AND   OFFICIALS,  ETC 

PRINTERS.  LITHOORAPHERS,  AND  PRESSMEN 


3  FOBKtGN 

PER     CENT 


4.  GERMAN 

PER     CENT 


I  S  PLANTERS. AND  OVERSEERS 
:  RS    (NOT  SPECIFIED  I 
ILTURAL    LABORERS 
INTS    AND    WAITERS 
■  NTS  AND   DEALERS  1  EXCEPT   wmoiESAUi 
.    AND    OUARRYMEN 
lEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
S    ANU    COPVISTS 
■JTERS    ANO   JOINERS 
■IHACKMEN.TEAMSTERS.ETC. 
RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 
S    AND    TAItORESSES 
NO    STEEL    WORKE  RS 
MAKERS 
JISTS 
MilL   OPERATIVES 

•■■:iERS,ANO  VARNISHERS 

.i-  PROFESSORS  IN  COllEGES.ETC. 

■  ■.■    =iOt    MAKERS   AND    REPAIRERS 

tpers  and  accountants 

rurers  and  officials.  etc 

)ers  and  laundresses 

;miths 

rs  and  firemen  (not  locomotive! 

>  ibrick  and  stone  ! 

S.LITHOORAPH ERS, AND  PRESSMEN 
PRESSES 


FARMERS, PLANTERS. AND  OVERSEERS 
AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 
LABORERS    (NOT  SPECIFIED  I 
SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 
MERCHANTS   AND    DEALERS   {S^ttAH 
SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
CLERKS    AND    COPYISTS 
CARPENTERS    AND   JOINERS 
DRAYMEN, HACKMEN.TEAMSTERS,  ETC 
TAILORS    ANO    TAILOflCSSES 
MACHINISTS 

IRON    AND    STEEL     WORKERS 
DRESSMAKERS 

STEAM   RAILROAD   CMPLOYEES 
PAINTERS,  GLAZIERS, AND  VARNISHERS 
eUTCHERS 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  OFFICIALS.  ETC 
BAKERS 

MINERS    ANO    QUARRYMEN 
BOOKKEEPERS   AND  ACCOUNTANTS 
BLACKSMITHS 

BOOT  AND  SHOE  MAKERS  AND  REPAIRERS 
TOBACCO  ANO  CIGAR  FACTORY  OPERATIVES 
SALOON    KEEPERS 

TEACHERS  ANO  PROFESSORS  IN  COUEGES  ETC. 
AGENTS 

ENGINEERS  ANO  FIREMEN  (NOT  LOCOMOTIVE! 
PRINTERS, LITHOORAPMERS,AHD  PRESSMEN 


5-NKGRO 

PER     CENT 


6.  FRENCH 

PER     CENT 


"ULTURAL    LABORERS 

l»FfS  PLANTERS, ANO  OVERSEERS 

BSRS   INOT   SPECIFIED  1 

'■    'NTS    AND    WAITERS 

J   RERS  AND  LAUNDRESSES 

•  N. HACKMEN.TEAMSTERS. ETC. 
'M  RAILROAD   EMPLOYEES 

►  S    AND    OUARRYMEN 

•■ID  PLANING  Mill.   EMPLOYEES  | 

f  S   ANO  HELPERS   UN  STORES.  ETC  )  | 

^   nS  ANO  PROFESSORS  IN  COLLEGES,  ETC.  | 

•  NTERS    AND   JOIN  E  RS 
tlTINE  FARMERS  ANO   LABORERS 
'is  ANO  HAIRDRESSERS 

'   S   AND    MIOWIVES 
(  V  M  E  H 

>  0  AND  CI6AR  FACTORY  OPERATIVES 

lens 

''  S  (BRICK    AND  STONE  j 

'  iMAKERS 

C AND    STEEL     WORK  ERS 

'TRESSES 

•>RS  ANO  SEXTONS 

'-KEEPERS    AND  STEWARDS 

'   NEN  AND  OYSTERMEN 

*  ERS  ANO  FIREMEN  (NOT  LOCOMOTtVEl 

*  SMITHS 

'     AND  TILE  MAKERS, ETC 
f    CHOPPERS 


FARMERS   PLANTERS, AND  OVERSEERS 

LABORERS    INOT  SPECIFIED  r 

SERVANTS    AND   WAITERS 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

MERCHANTS  ANO   DEALERS  <  tXCCPT   WHOltSAUi 

MINERS    ANO    QUARRYMEN 

CLERKS   AND    COPYISTS 

SALESMEN    AND    SALESW9MEN 

CARPENTERS    AND   JOINERS 

DRESSMAKERS 

TEACHERS  ANO  PROFESSORS  IN  COLLE  6ES,  ETC. 

MACHINISTS 

STEAM   RAILROAD   EMPLOYEES 

DRAYMEN  HACKMEN.TEAMSTERS.  ETC 

LAUNOERERS   ANO  LAUNDRESSES 

PAINTERS.  GLAZIERS,  AND  VARNISHERS 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  OFFICIALS.  ETC 

BOOKKEEPERS    ANO   ACCOUNTANTS 

BUTCHERS 

IRON    AND    STEEL     WORKERS 

AGENTS 

BLACKSMITHS 

ENGINEERS  AND  FIREMEN  (NOT  LOCOMOTIVE) 

TAILORS    AND    TAILORESSES 

CLAS3W0RKERS 

BARBERS  ANO  HAIRDRESSERS 

BOOT  AND  SHOE   MAKERS  ANO    REPAIRERS 

SEAMSTRESSES 

BAKERS 


c 


LIUS  BIEKiCO.LITH.N.f 


PLATE  N 


DlSTHIBl  riON  OF  WAGK  EARNERS  OF  SPECIFIED  P.^RENTAGE  RYPHINCIPAL  OCCUPAT10NS:1900 


FARMERS   PLANTERS, AND  OVERSEERS 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 

LABORERS    I  NOT  SPECIFtED  I 

CARPENTERS     AND    JOINERS 

MERCHANTS   AND    DEALERS  i  EXCEPT    WHOLESALE' 

SALESMEN     AND     SALESWOMEN 

STEAM    RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 

BOATMEN     AND    SAILORS 

SAW    AND   PLANING    MILL    EMPLOYEES 

DRESSMAKERS 

CLERtVS    AND    COPYISTS 

TEACHERS  AND  PROFESSORS  IN  COLLEGES. ETC 

PAINTERS, GLAZIERS, AND  VARNISMERS 

HOUSEKEEPERS     AND    STEWARDS 

DRAYMEN, HACKMEN  TE AMSTE  RS ,  ETC 

MACHINISTS     OUARRYMEN 

9LACKSMITHS 

MINERS     AND    OUARRYMEN 

TAILORS    AND    TAILORESSES 

LAUNDERERS  AND  LAUNDRESSES 

AGENTS 

ENGINEERS  AND    FIREMEN   (NOT    LOCOMOTIVE! 

MASONS  (BRICK    AND  STONE) 

FISHERMEN  AND   OYSTERMEN 

BOOKKEEPERS    AND    ACCOUNTANTS 

BOOT  AND  SHOE    MAKERS  AND    REPAIRERS 

IRON    AND    STEEL     WORKERS 

LUMBERMEN    AND    RAFTSMEN 


FARMERS, PLANTERS.AND  OVERSEERS 
AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 
LABORERS    INOT  SPECIFIED  I 
SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 
CARPENTERS    AND    JOINERS 
MERCHANTS   AND    DEALERS  I  EXCEPT    WHOIESalEj 
DRAYMEN,  HACK  MENTE  AMSTE  RS,  ETC 
STEAM   RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 
SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
BLACKSMITHS 
CLERKS    AND    COPYISTS 
PAINTERS. GLAZIERS, AND  VARNiSHERS 
DRESSMAKERS 
MACHINISTS 

MINERS     AND    OUARRYMEN 
MASONS  (BRICK    AND  STONE) 
STOCK   RAISERS, HERDERSjAND  DROVERS 
BOATMEN    AND    SAILORS 

TEACHERS  AND  PROFESSORS  IN  COLLEGES. ETC 
TAILORS    AND    TAILORESSES 
IRON     AND     STEEL     WORKERS 
ENGINEERS  AND    FIREMEN   (NOT   LOCOMOTIVE) 
HOUSEKEEPERS   AND   STEWARDS 
MANUFACTURERS   AND  Of  Fi  CIALS,  ETC. 
SAW   AND  PLANING   MILL   EMPLOYEES 
BOOT  AND  SHOE    MAKERS   AND    REPAIRERS 
LAUNOEREfiS   AND    LAUNDRESSES 
AGENTS 


l.NOKWKGiAN 

PER     CENT 

15  20 


.CANADIAN  (ENGI.ISF 

PER     CENT 


3.  ])AN'ISH 

PER     CENT 


FARMERS.  PLANTERS  AND  OVERSEERS 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

LABORERS    (  N  OT   S  PE  C  I  F  I  E  0  I 

SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 

CARPENTERS    AND   JOINERS 

CLERKS    AND    COPYISTS 

SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 

ORAVMEN  HACKMEN  TE  AMS  TE  RS  ,  E  TC 

TEACHERS  AND  PROFESSORS  IN  COLLEGES, ETC 

MERCHANTS    AND    DEALERS  ( EXCEPT    WHOLESALE! 

STEAM    RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 

DRESSMAKERS 

BOOKKEEPERS    AND   ACCOUNTANTS 

BOOT  AND  SHOE    MAKERS   AND    REPAIRERS 

MACHINISTS 

PAINTERS,  GLAZIERS,  AND  VARNISHERS 

BLACKSMITHS 

NURSES    AND    MIDWIVES 

ENGINEERS  AND   FIREMEN  (NOT   LOCOMOTIVE! 

LUMBERMEN     AND    RAFTSMEN 

AGENTS 

MANUFACTURERS    ANO    OFFICIALS,  ETC 

MINERS     AND    OUARRYMEN 

Saw    and  PLANING  MILL   EMPLOYEES 

HOUSEKEEPERS     AND   STEWARDS 

STEN0(3RAPHERS  AND  TYPEWRITERS 

PRINTERS,  LITHOGRAPH  ERS.AND  PRESSMEN 

IRON    AND    STEEL     WORKERS 


COTTON   MKL   OPERATIVES 
LABORERS    i  N  OT  S  PE  CI  Fl  E  D  1 
FARMERS.  PLANTERS  AND  OVERSEERS 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 
CARPENTERS     AND    JOINERS 
BOOT  AND    iHOE    MAKERS   AND    REPAIRERS 
SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 
DRAYMEN.HACKMEN.TEAM5TERS,ETC 
WOOLEN    MILL    OPERATIVES 
SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
MERCHANTS    AND    DEALf  RS  l  ExC  EPT    WHOtESAlEI 
STEAM    RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 
DHESSMAKE  RS 

SAW    AND   PLANING   MILL    EMPLOYEES 
PAINTERS,  GLAZIERS,  AND  VARNISHERS 
MACHINISTS 

IRON    ANO    STEEL     WORKERS 
CLERKS    ANO    COPYISTS 
BLACKSMITHS 

HOSIERY  AND   KNITTING   MILL  OPERATIVES 
MASONS  (BRICK    AND  STONE  | 
BARBERS  AND  HAIRDRESSERS 
PAPER   AND  PULP   MILL  OPERATIVES 
ENGINEERS  ANO   FIREMEN   (NOT   LOCOMOTIVEI 
LUMBERMEN     ANO    RAFTSMEN 
BRICK    ANO   TILE    MAKERS, ETC 
MINERS     AND    OUARRYMEN 


4.  CANADIAN  (FRE^ 

PER     CENT 


5   SWHOISH 

PER     CENT 


G.BRITISH 

PER     CENT 


FARMERS, PLANTERS. ANO  OVERSEERS 

SERVANTS     AND    WAITERS 

LABORERS    (NOT   SPECIFIED! 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

CARPENTERS    AND    JOINERS 

MINERS     AND    OUARRYMEN 

STEAM   RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 

MACHINISTS 

TAILORS    ANO    TAILORESSES 

DRAYMEN,  HACKMEN, TEAMSTERS.  ETC 

IRON    ANO     STEEL     WORKERS 

MERCHANTS  AND   DEALERS  I  fCEPT   wholESalEI 

SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 

CLERKS    AND    COPYISTS 

PAINTERS, GLAZIERS, AND  VARNISHERS 

SAW   AND  PLANING  MILL   EMPLOYEES 

DRESSMAKE  RS 

BLACKSMITHS 

LAUNDERERS  AND  LAUNDRESSES 

BOOT  AND  SHOE    MAKERS   AND    REPAIRERS 

ENGINEERS   AND    FIREMEN   (MOT    LOCOMOTIVE) 

BOATMEN     AND    SAILORS 

MASONS   (BRICK    AND  STONE) 

TEACHERS  AND  PROFESSORS  IN  COILE  GES.  ETC- 

HOUSEKEEPERS    AND   STEWARDS 

CABINETMAKERS 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  OFFICIALS,  ETC. 

LUMBERMEN    AND    RAFTSMEN 


FARMERS   PLANTERS.ANO  OVERSEERS 

MINERS     AND    OUARRYMEN 

UV80RERS    (NOT  SPECIFI  ED  I 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 

MERCHANTS   AND    DEALERS  I  EXCEPT    WHOLESAlEi 

CLERKS    AND    COPYISTS 

SALESMEN    ANO    SALESWOMEN 

CARPENTERS    ANO    JOINERS 

MACHINISTS 

STEAM   RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 

IRON     AND     STEEL     WORKERS 
ORAYMEN,HACKMEN,TEAMSTERS,ETC. 
MANUFACTURERS   AND    OFFICIALS,  ETC 
TEACHERS  ANO  PROFESSORS  IN  COLLEGES, ETC 
BOOKKEEPERS    AND   ACCOUNTANTS 
ENGINEERS  AND    FIREMEN   (NOT   LOCOMOTIVE  ! 
COTTON   MILL   OPERATIVES 
DRESSMAK£  RS 
PAINTERS. GLAZIERS, ANO   VARNISHERS 

AGENTS 

BLACKSMITHS 

MASONS  (BRICK    AND  STONE) 

PRINTERS,  LITHOGRAPH  ERS,AND  PRESSMEN 

WOOLEN    MILL    OPERATIVES 

NURSES    ANO    MIDWIVES 

BOOT  ANO  SHOE    MAKERS   ANO    REPAIRERS 

PLUMBERS   ANO  GAS   AND  STEAM  FITTERS 

HOUSEKEEPERS    ANO   STEWARDS 


.lUS  BIENiCO 


PLATE  No  96 


DlSTRllU   riON  Oi'WAC.K  IvUlNHHS  OF  Sl'HriI^Mi:i)  PAH1:NTAGE  BYPHINCIPAL  0CCUPATIONS:l9O0 


1.  AUSTHIAN 

PER     C  EN- 


2. HUNGARIAN 

PER     CENT 


lORERS    (NOT  SPeciFIED  1 
lERS    AND    OUARRYMEN 
LORS    AND    TAILORESSeS 
nVANTS    AND    WAITERS 
MEflS, PLANTERS, AND  OVERSEERS 
^CHANTS  AND   DEALERS    (EXCEPT  WMOlESAIEI 
RICULTUHAL    LABORERS 
N   AND    STEEL    WORKERS 
.feSMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
EAM   RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 
;RR6   AND    COPYISTS 
CKSTEHS    AND    PEDDLERS 
UNSTRESSES 

iRCOAL, COKE, AND  LIME   BURNERS 
ACCO  AND  CIOAR  PACTORY  OPERATIVES 
(PCNTERS    AND   JOINERS 
ESSMAKERS 

IT  AND  SHOE    MAKERS  AN  0    REPAIRERS 
UfACTURERS  ANO   OFFICIALS.  ETC 
ITERS. GLAZIERS, AND  VARNlSMERS 
.OON    KEEPERS 
(ERS 
CHINISTS 

tVMEH.HACKMENTEAMSTEHS.ETC 
rCHERS 

;nts 

ton  mill  operatives 

tKKEEPERS   ANO  ACCOUNTANTS 


MINERS    AND    QUARRYMEN 

LABORERS    (NOT  SPECIF'lED) 

SERVANTS    AND    WAITERS 

IRON    AND    STEEL    WORKERS 

TAILORS    AND    TAILORESSES 

MERCHANTS  AND   DEALERS  (EXCtPT  wHOltSAUi 

TOBACCO  ANO  CIGAR  FACTORr  OPERATrvtS 

FARMERS   PLANTERS, AND  OVERSEERS 

STEAM   RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 

SALESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

CHARCOAL. COKE, ANO  LIME   BURNERS 

CLERKS    AND    COPYISTS 

BRICK    ANO  TILE    MAKERS, ETC 

SEAMSTRESSES 

BOOT  ANO  SHOE   MAKERS  AND   REPAIRERS 

HUCKSTERS    ANO    PEDDLERS 

MANUFACTURERS   ANO   OFFICIALS,  ETC 

DRESSMAKERS 

CARPENTERS    AND   JOINERS 

DRAYMEN, MACKMEN  TEAMSTE  RS,  ETC 

LEATHER  CURRIEBS  ANO  TANNERS 

AGENTS 

SALOON    KEEPERS 

eOOKHEEPERS   ANO  ACCOUNTANTS 

PAINTERS,  GLAZIERS, ANO  VARNlSMERS 

BUTCHERS 


E 


3    POLISH 

PER     CeiNT 


4.  RUSSIAN 


PER     CEN-^ 


30RERS    (NOT  SPECIFIED) 
NERS    ANO    OUARRYMEN 
)N   AND    STEEL    WORKERS 
RICOLTURAL    LABORERS 
*MERS.PLANTERS,AND  OVERSEERS 
ILORS    AND    TAILORESSES 
I  RVANTS    AND   WAITERS 
RCHANTS   AND    DEALERS    tEXCEPT    WmOlESAIEi 
rrON   MILL   OPERATIVES 
EAM   RAILROAD   EMPLOYEES 
lESMEN    AND    SALESWOMEN 
JACCO  ANO  CtOAR   FACTORY  OPERATIVES 
CKSTERS    AND    PEDDLERS 
THER  CURRIERS   AND  TANNERS 
RPENTERS    ANO    JOINERS 
OT  AND  SHOE    MAKERS   ANO    REPAIRERS 
IV   ANO  PLANING  MILL  EMPLOYEES 
AMSTRESSES 

WMEN,HACKMEN.TEAMSTERS,ETC 
fc  fit^S   AND    COPYISTS 
.MTERS,GLA2IERS,AND  VARNlSMERS 
lESSMAKE  RS 

JNOEHEBS  ANO   LAUNDRESSES 
vCMINlSTS 
aCKSMITHS 
LOON    KEEPERS 
JTCHERS 

50LEN    MILL    OPERATIVES 
^ICK   ANO  TfLE    MAKERS, ETC 


[BORERS    INOT  SPECtriED  I 
NERS    ANp    QUARRYMEN 

efiCHANTS  ANO   DEALERS   (EXCEPT   WHOLESALE' 

"EAM    RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES 
ILORS    ANO    TAILORESSES 

RBERS  AND  HAIRDRESSERS 

iRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

'OTANO  SHOE   MAKERS  AND    REPAIRERS 

JCKSTERS    AND    PEDDLERS 

VSONS  (BRICK    ANO  STONE! 

IRVANTS   AND  WAITERS 

RMERS,  PLANTERS.  AND  OVERSEERS 

vRBLt   AND   STONE    CUTTERS 

AYMEN,MfcCKMEN,TEAMSTERS,ETC 

^RPENTERS    AND    JOINERS 
, 'LESMEN    ANO    SALESWOMEN 
lON    ANO    STEEL     WORKERS 

ISICIANS  AND  TEACHERS  OF  MUSIC 

*ESS  MAKERS 

'NFECTIONERS 
ERKS   AND    COPYISTS 

'LOON    KEEPERS 
'  >.K   MILL  OPERATIVES 

JflACCO  AND  CIGAR  FACTORY  OPERATIVES 

ARTENDER  S 

HICK    ANO  TILE   MAKERS,  ETC 

OOLEN   MILL    OPERATIVES 

AKERS 


5.  ITAliIAN 

PER     CENT 


TAILORS    AND    TAILORESSES 

MERCHANTS   AND   DEALERS  lEXCEPT   wmOIESah 

LABORERS    I  N  OT  S  PECI  Fl  E  0  > 

FARMERS,  PLANTERS,ANO  OVERSEERS 

HUCKSTERS    AND    PEDDLERS 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 

SALESMEN    ANO    SALESWOMEN 

MINERS    AND    OUARRYMEN 

SEAMSTRESSES 

SERVANTS    AND   WAITERS 

TOBACCO  ANO  CIGAR  FACTORY  OPERATIVES 

CLERKS   ANCi    COPYISTS 

BOOT  ANO  SHOE    MAKERS  AND    REPAIRERS 

MANUFACTURERS  AND  OFFICIALS.  ETC. 

PAINTERS, GLAZIERS, ANO  VARNlSMERS 

DRESSMAKERS 

SHIRT. COLLAR  AND  CUFF  MAKERS 

CARPENTERS    ANO   JOINERS 

HAT   AND    CAP    MAKERS 

AGENTS 

DRAYMEN. HACKMEN.TEAMSTEflS,  ETC. 

MESSENGERS  AND  ERRAND  AND  OFFICE   BOYS 

BOOKKEEPERS   ANO  ACCOUNTANTS 

BUTCHERS 

(RON. ANO    STEEL    WORKERS 

TEACHERS  ANO  PROFESSORS  IH  COLLEGES. ETC   | 

STEAM   RAILROAD   EMPLOYEES 

MILLINERS 

BARBERS  ANO  HAIRDRESSERS 


6.BOHKMIAN' 

PER     CENT 


■|  FARMERS.  PLANTERS.AND  OVERSEERS 

AGRICULTURAL    LABORERS 
I   LABORERS    (NOT  SPECIFIED! 
TAILORS    ANO    TAILORESSES 
SERVANTS    AND   WAITERS 
TOBACCO  ANO  CIGAR  FACTORY  OPERATIVES 
MERCHANTS  AND   DEALERS  f  EXCEPT  WHOLESAUI 
CARPENTERS    AND   JOINERS 
SALESMEN    ANO    SALESWOMEN 
IRON    ANO    STEEL     WORKERS 
CLERKS   AND    COPYIST? 
MINERS    AND   OUARRYMEN 
DRESSMAKERS 
MACHINISTS 
BUTCHERS 

DRAYMEN.HACKMEN.TEAMSTERS.ETC 
BOOT  AND  SHOE  MAKERS   AND    REPAIRERS 
SEAMSTRESSES 

PAINTERS. GLAZIERS, AND  VARHlSMEftS 
BLACKSMITHS 

STEAM   RAILROAD   EMPLOYEES 
SALOON    KEEPERS 
LAUHOERERS  AND  LAUNDRESSES 
PRINTERS,  LITHOGRVHERS^ND  PRESSMEN 
SAW   AND  PLANING  MILL  EMPLOYEES 
BAKERS 
MASONS  riBRICK    AND  STONE) 


£0 


JULIUS  atENaCO.LITH  N-Y 


PLATE  No.  < 


1.   ANO^RAGE   NUMBKR  OFPERSONS  TO  AFAMIl.Y  FOR  TRE  UNITED  STATES:  1850  TO  190() 


IS50 
1860 
IS70 

(sao 

1890 
1900 


2  3  -»  5  ^ 


2.  AVER.\GE   NUMBER  OFPERSONS  TO  A  PRIVATE  FAMILV  BY  STATES  AND  TERRrTORIES  :  I900 


TEXAS 
N  CAROLINA 
INDIAN  TER 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
VIRGINIA 
TENNESSEE 
MINNESOTA 
S.CAROLINA 
ARKANSAS 
KENTUCKY 
ALABAMA 
UTAH 

MISSISSIPPI 
GEORGIA 
N. DAKOTA 
MARYLAND 
LOUISIANA 
WISCONSIN 
NEBRASKA 
S,  DAKOTA 
OISTOF  COLUMBIA 
PENNSYLVANIA 
MISSOURI 
DELAWARE 
IOWA 
ILLINOIS 
OKLAHOMA 
KANSAS 
FLORIDA 
NEW  JERSEY 
MASSACHUSETTS 
RHODE  ISLAND 
CONNECTICUT 
INDIANA 
MICHIGAN 
OHIO 

NEW  YORK 
OREGON 
WYOMING 
IDAHO 

WASHINGTON 
NEW  MEXICO 
MAINE 
VERMONT 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
-CALIFORNIA 
COLORADO 
MONTANA 
ARIZONA 
HAWAII 
NEVADA 
ALASKA 


1 

1                1                1                1 

! 

! 

! 

^^^^ 

^__ 

zizr 

■" 

' 

^" 

—■ 

■■ 

mum 

1                  1 

^ 

mE^h 

■ 

r" 

JULIUS  BIENaCO  LrTH  f 


PLATE  No.  98 


67-  65' 


AVERAGK  SrZf:  OF  PRIVATK  FAMILIES 

at  theTweirUi  Census 

1900 

Compiled  by 

HENRT    GANNETT.    GEOGFL^PHEH 

L [ i i L 


JUUUS  BICN  »CO  LITM  N  Y 


PLATE  No  99 


PRopoirnox  (){•  ii()Mi-;s  <)nvxi':i>  kiM':!':.  owxkd  ExrrMHi':Ki';n,ANr)  hihkpmooo 


PER    CENT 
50 


ALASKA 

NEW   MEXICO 

OKLAHOMA 

IDAHO 

NEVADA 

UTAH 

N.DAKOTA 

ARIZONA 

MONTANA 

MAINE 

S.DAKOT^ 

WYOMING 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

OREGON 

WASHINGTON 

KENTUCKY 

FLORIDA 

VIRGINIA 

ARKANSAS 

TENNESSEE 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

N.CAROLINA 

KANSAS 

MICHIGAN 

TEXAS 

INDIANA 

IOWA 

OHIO 

COLORADO 

NEBRASKA 

VERMONT 

CALIFORNIA 

INDIAN  TER. 

MISSOURI 

ILLINOIS 

ALABAMA 

MARYLAND 

PENNSYLVANIA 

LOUISIANA 

MISSISSIPPI 

GEORGIA 

S  CAROLINA 

DELAWARE 

CONNECTICUT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  YORK 

HAWAII 

RHODE  ISLAND 

NEW  JERSEY 

DISTOF  COUJMBiA 


1       ■ 

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1 

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[ 
1 

1       : 

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:       :      il       i       1                    ! 

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;       :    1  i       1      1    1         ■      < 

i — ■ — ■ ■ ■• 1 1 ] — 

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'  Onviu'iI  IrtM' 


euvnoil   onoMnUni' 


Hir<-(1 


JULIUS  BIEN  S  CO  LIT M 


PLATE  No  100 


Pl«»M()i;'ri(».\    ()V   1-AKM   li()MI-:s    OWNKh  K1-!KK,  (AVNKl)  EXCrMP>KHi':i),  AM)   IllKI':i)  MIXX  > 


PER    CENT 
50 


NEW   MEXICO 

ARIZONA 

UTAH 

ALASKA 

WYOMING 

MONTANA 

IDAHO 

NEVADA 

OKLAHOMA 

MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

HAWAII 

WASHINGTON 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

FLORIDA 

N.DAKOTA 

OREGON 

VIRGINIA 

KENTUCKY 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

COLORADO 

TENNESSEE 

CONNECTICUT 

OHIO 

CALIFORNIA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

S.DAKOTA 

N.CAROLINA 

WISCONSIN 

ARKANSAS 

MINNESOTA 

OlSrOr  COLUMBIA 

INDIANA 

VERMONT 

MICHIGAN 

MARYLAND 

NEW  YORK 

MISSOURI 

TEXAS 

KANSAS 

ILLINOIS 

NEBRASKA 

LOUISIANA 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 

NEW  JERSEY 

DELAWARE 

IOWA 

S, CAROLINA 

MISSISSIPPI 

INDIAN  TtR 


'          !          1                   ' 

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■  Owned  I'l-t'O 


OwiU'd  encumberod 


"I  Hirc-d 


JUtlUS  eiENA  CO  UTM 


VITAL    STATISTICS. 


(59) 


VnWL    S1ATTSTICS. 


Mortality  statistics  fur  tlio  Twclftli  (Vnsus  relate  to 
the  consus  year  June  1.  \SW  lo  May  HI,  1'.»0().  The 
returns  of  ileaths  weru  (l('ri\  I'd  I'l-oni  I  wo  sources  tirst. 
from  the  eimiiierators"  schedules,  ami.  second,  from  llic 
r(>{^'isti'ation  records  of  those  states  and  cities  which  kept 
an  official  record  of  deaths. 

The  enumerators  made  (heir  returns  of  deaths  by 
inquiry  of  the  families  enumerated,  hut.  as  this  inciuirv 
was  not  made  until  after  the  close  of  the  year  for  which 
the  deaths  were  to  l)e  reported,  many  deaths  were 
omitted.  The  failure  of  a  numliir  of  enumerators  to 
make  any  returns  of  deaths  shows  ilial  the  enumerators" 
i-(>turns  are  too  incomplete  loatl'onl  reliahlt^  information 
as  to  death  rates  in  i-elation  to  ]iopulation.  They  have, 
iiowever.  a  cel'tain  \alue  in  indicaliuL;'  the  relatixc  frc- 
((uencv  of  deaths  from  ditlereni  causes,  and.  as  they 
constitute  the  only  means  of  securiuL;-  information  in 
I'egard  to  deaths  in  many  i)arls  of  iIk'  counlry.  they 
must  he  relie(l  upon  as  the  liest  informal  ion  on  the  suhject 
that  can  he  olitaincd. 

The  registration  area  in  I'.too  incliidi'ii  the  states  of 
.Maine.  New  Hampshire.  \'ermont.  Mas.sachusetts. 
Rhode  Island.  Connecticut.  New  Yo)'k.  New  Jers<'y.  and 
>[iehi<>an.  and  the  District  of  (olumhia.  also  l.".:'>  cities 
of  <S. ()()(>  inhabitants,  or  more,  in  other  states  (Twelfth 
Census.  \'olume  III.  page  hi).  The  po])ulation  of  tlie.se 
states  and  <'ities  was  28,8ii7,2t>'.i.  or  more  than  one-third 
of  the  total  population  of  tin'  Initeil  States:  as  the 
registration  recoi'ds  were  fairly  accurate,  the  returns 
for  this  ;irea  can  l)e  consich'red  as  approximately"  cor- 
rect. The  registration  area  in  IS'.Ki  comprised  the  states 
of  New  Hampshire.  Vermont.  Massachusetts,  Rhode 
Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New  ,)er.sey,  and  Del- 
aware, and  the  District  of  ColumT>ia,  also  83  cities  of 
."),0()0  inhabitants,  or  more,  in  other  states:  the  gross 
population  of  this  area  was  llt,051t.-i-K>. 

The  number  of  deaths  per  l.<tOi>  of  ])opulation  for  the 
registration  area  in  ItiOO  was  IT.s.'  and  for  the  regis- 
tration area  in  IS'.to.  I'.l.t;.'  a  decri'asc  duriiig  the  decade 
of  1.8. 

Plate  111  is  made  up  of  se\en  diagrams  presenting 
graphically  the  death  rates  in  T.mmi  \\>v  .•ertain  areas,  for 
specified  diseases  and  nativities. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  111.  represents  the  death  rates  per 
1,000  of  population  in  the  re.gistration  states  in  1900, 

'  Exclus^iv.-  ..fHtillliirths. 


and  shows  that  the  death  rate.  22.8.  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  was  nuich  higher  than  in  an\  of  the  registra- 
tion stales.  A.s  the  District  of  Columbia  i.s  practically 
a  cit\.  and  in(duded  a  large  colored  population  with  a 
death  rate  greatly  in  excess  of  that  of  the  white,  the 
j  reasons  for  the  high  death  rate  are  .ipparent,  as  will  be 
seen  by  comparison  with  other  cities  which  had  a  large 
])ercentage  of  coloi'ed  population,  represented  in  dia- 
gram 7.  I'late  III.  The  death  rate  of  Rhode  Island, 
I'.t.l.  was  the  highest  among  the  registration  states. 

Diagianis  2  and  4.  Plate  111,  show  the  comparati\e 
death  rates  per  l.odii  of  population  under  1.").  and  from 
1.")  to  4.J  years  of  age,  for  the  rural  distri<'ts  and  cities  of 
the  registration  states,  by  l)irth|)lace  of  mothers,  in  limo. 
The  t\y-\  of  these  two  diagrams  shows  that  in  the  rural 
districts  the  mortality  of  children  under  I  .^  years  of 
ag(^  was  gi-eatest  among  those  of  Italian  motlici-s.  closely 
followed  b\  till'  children  of  mothers  born  in  ( 'anada. 
and  in  Russia  and  Poland.  Children  of  Scotch  mothers 
show  the  lowest  death  I'ate.  For  per.sons  from  1;")  to  45 
vearN  of  age  the  death  rate  was  highest  among  those  of 
Irish  mothers,  and  lowest  among  thos(>  of  mothei's  born 
in  Russia  ami  I'oland. 

Diagram  4.  Plate  111.  shows  that  in  cities  in  the 
registration  states  the  i-hildren  less  than  l.">  years  of 
age  of  mothers  born  in  Italy  had  the  highest  death 
rate,  with  France.  Canada.  Ireland,  and  the  Tnited 
States  following  in  order.  The  children  of  Scandina- 
vian. (iermaTi.  Knglish  and  \\'elsli.  Russian  and  Polish, 
and  Scotch  motluMs  had  lower  (h'ath  rates  than  those 
of  native  mothers.  Of  jjcrsons  fi-om  l.")  to  4.5  years  of 
age  those  born  of  Irish  mothers  show  the  highest  death 
rate,  and  these  of  Russian  and  Polish  mothei's  the 
lowest.  Comparing  the  two  diagrams,  it  will  be  noted 
that  the  mortality  for  the  nativities  specified  was  much 
gi'eater  in  cities  than  in  rural  districts. 

Diagram  ;-{.  Plate  III.  represents  the  death  rates  per 
l.tiOO  of  population,  in  the  registration  states,  by  sex, 
color,  and  general  nativity,  in  1900.  The  death  rate 
for  the  total  population  was  17.3.  which  was  lower  than 
that  of  the  males,  is.  Land  higher  than  that  of  the 
females.  lt).o.  Th<'  death  rates  for  the  native  white  of 
native  parents,  Ki.4.  and  the  native  white  of  foreign 
l)arents.  17.1,  were  lower  than  that  for  the  aggregate 
population:  the  foreign  white  death  rate.  18.3.  and  the 
colored.   2"i.3.   were    much    highei-.     The   urban  death 

(61) 


fi2 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


rate.  Ls.('i,  wa^  niiicli  hiyluT  than  tlic  I'ural.  l."i.4.  I'lic 
deatli  rate  of  tlic  iirlian  white  j>i)j)iilati<)n,  is. 4.  was 
much  lower  tliaii  tlud  of  the  iirKaii  colored.  I'T.i). 

Diayi'aiii  (i,  Plate  111.  represents  the  death  rates  i)er 
lOii.oODof  ])o])ulation.  from  certain  diseases,  in  the  ret;'- 
istration  states  in  I'.hmi.  I'ncuiiionia  leads  with  VX].:\ 
per  loo, (>(><»:  <-oiisuniption  (IT;").'.!);  diari'heal  diseases 
(132.2):  cancer  and  tumor  ((iT.T):  diphtheria  and  croup 
(40.3);  and  intlueii/.a  (i".».  I)  show  the  hiuhcst  death  rates. 

Diai;ram  .":.  Plate  ill.  I'epresents  the  proportion  of 
deaths  ilu<'  to  certain  causes  per  1.000  deaths  from  all 
causes  amouy'  the  white  and  the  coh)red  in  the  ITnitcd 
States  in  I'.too.  and  lirino's  out  the  ditl'ereuce  in  tlie  death 
rates  of  these  two  raet^s.  Deaths  from  diseases  of  the 
nervous  .system  were  nioi'e  prevalent  auiony  the  white 
than  the  colored.  From  pneumonia,  which  was  next 
in  order,  tlu'  death  rates  of  the  two  races  were  almost 
equal,  tliat  for  the  colored  slie-htly  exceeding  that  for 
the  white.  I)ut  for  consumption  the  death  rate  of  the 
colored  was  over  Mi  per  cent  hiij'her  than  that  of  the 
white.  From  diseases  of  the  cir(ailator\'  system,  diar- 
rheal diseases,  diseases  of  the  dig-estive  system,  di.seases 
of  the  urinary  system,  cancer  and  tumor,  lu'onciiitis, 
and  diphtheria,  the  <leath  rate  of  the  white  exceeded 
that  of  tile  colored,  while  from  accidents  and  injuries, 
typhoid  fe\ cr,  intluenza,  measles,  malarial  fe\'er,  affec- 
tions connected  with  })regnancy,  and  scrofula  and  tabes, 
tile  death  rate  of  the  colored  exceeded  that  of  the  white. 

Diagram  7,  Plate  111.  to  which  reference  has  lieen 
made,  shows  the  death  rates  of  the  white  and  the  colored 
for  I'.KJO.  per  l.OOO  of  population  in  certain  cities,  ar- 
ranged in  the  order  of  their  white  death  rates.  Of  the 
nine  cities  specified.  Charleston  had  the  highest  deatli 
rate  amonghoth  the  white  (25.(1)  and  the  coloreil  (4t!.7), 
while  St.  Louis  had  the  lowest  death  rate  among  tlie 
white  (17.0).  and  Memphis  among  th(>  colortHl  (2S.(;). 
Washington,  with  a  death  rate  of  l',t.  I  for  the  white. 
and  ;U.o  for  the  colored,  ranked  se\enth;  itsdeath  r;ite 
for  the  colored  was  lower  than  foi'  any  of  the  other  cities 
mentioned.  ex<'ept  Memphis  and  Louisville.  In  all  of 
these  cities  the  death  rate  of  the  colored  greatly  ex- 
ceeded that  of  the  uliite. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  112.  I'epresents  the  percentages  of 
deaths  in  the  Cnited  States  from  certain  causes  in  ll»oo 
and  ISitO.  and  is  based  principally  on  the  enumerators" 
returns.  The  percentages  for  li»00  are  represented  by 
the  black  bars,  and  thos(>  for  ISDO  by  the  uncolorecl 
bars.  Consumption  led  in  both  I'.too  and  ISOO  with 
a  gr(>ater  pei'centage  of  deaths  than  any  other  disease. 
It  will  be  note(l.  howi'\'er,  that  the'  percentage  of  <leaths 
from  consumption  in  I'.MIO  was  not  as  large  as  in  I.S'.IO. 
The  j)i-oportions  of  deaths  from  diarrheal  diseases, 
di])litheria  and  ci-ouj),  cholera  infantum,  bronchitis, 
convulsions,  and  malarial  fe\'e)'  show  larg(>  decreases 
in  I'.'oo.  as  compare(l  with  IS'.Hi.  The  diagram  brings 
out  the  liirge  proi)ortioii  of  d(>aths  fi-om  consumption 
and  from  ]ineumonia,  and  the  fact  that  the  jiercentage 


of  the  fornK'r  is  smaller,  and  the  latter  larger,  than  in 
isyo. 

Diagram  •^.  Plate  llii,  represents  the  percentages  of 
deaths  from  certain  causes,  in  1!»00  and  IS'.tO.  for  the 
registration  ai'ea.  In  this  diagram,  pneumonia  shows 
tlie  highest  jiercentage  of  deaths  in  IIKX),  and  consump- 
tion in  l,S'.)o.  The  decrease  in  the  proportion  of  deaths 
from  consumption  in  lltOO.  as  compared  with  1890,  is 
marked,  l)eiiig  1.8  per  cent.  The  lai'ge  decrease  noted 
in  the  proportion  of  deaths  from  consumption,  diarrheal 
diseasi's.  bronchitis,  cholera  infantum,  diphtheria  and 
crou]).  convulsions,  and  malarial  fever  in  1900,  as  com- 
l)ared  w  ith  1890,  is  a  matter  of  great  interest,  as  it  is 
due  to  the  great  advance  in  medical  science  and  im- 
))ro\ed  sanitary  methods. 

Plate  113  shows  for  the  Lnited  States  the  proportion 
of  deaths  in  each  month,  and  the  relative  proportions 
at  all  ages  and  at  specified  age  groups  in  1900.  The 
prt)portion  of  deaths  at  all  ages  was  highest  in  March 
(lo3.(i).  and  lowest  in  June  (ti7.0),  while  of  those  under 
.')  years  of  age  the  proportion  was  highest  in  August 
{l(i4.l),  and  lowest  in  November  ((.i2.1);  in  ages  from  5 
to  r>9  yeai's  the  i)roportion  was  highest  in  March  (102.9), 
and  lowest  in  June  ((iCi.S),  the  same  as  in  all  ages;  in  t)0 
years  and  over  the  proportion  of  deaths  was  highest  in 
April  (117. S).  and  lowest  in  -lune  (iiO.(i). 

Diagram  1,  Plat(>  114.  represents  the  death  rates  from 
general  iliseases  — A.  in<duding  measles,  scarlet  fever, 
diphtheria,  whooping  cough,  malarial  fever,  intluenza. 
typhoid  fever,  cholei'a  morbus,  colitis,  diarrhea,  dysen- 
tery, enteritis,  cholera  infantum,  fever  (unspecitied). 
cerebro-spinal  fever,  smallpox,  erysipelas,  septicemia, 
venereal  diseases,  and  other  minor  disea.ses — in  each 
month,  for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration 
states  in  I90o.  and  shows  that  in  cities  the  death  rate 
was  highest  in  the  month  of  July  ((K.t.8)  and  lowest  in 
the  month  of  November  (Ki.s).  while  in  the  rural  dis- 
tricts th(>  death  rate  was  highest  in  August  (:>t5.2)  and 
low<'st  in  June  (12.2). 

Specified  Diseases. 

Plates  lol  to  110.  inclusive,  are  a  series  of  maps  of 
the  registration  states,  on  which  the  death  rates  per 
100,0(»o  of  po])ulation  from  certain  specified  diseases  in 
1900.  in  eacli  county,  are  indicated,  by  shades  of  color, 
for  the  live  groups  described  in  the  legend.  The  cir- 
<ular  diagrams  on  Plates  113  to  12.5  represent  the  death 
i-ates  pel-  KKf.OOO  of  pojiulation  in  each  month  for  cities 
and  rural  districts,  in  the  Cnited  States  and  the  registra- 
lion  states,  and  the  bar  diagrams  represent  the  com- 
paiati\'e  proportion  of  deaths  from  specified  diseases  at 
each  ao-e  ])er  1.000  deaths  from  known  causes,  in  1900 
and  Is'.to.  for  the  regist r.ation  area. 

(•()NsrMl''l'li  )N. 

Plates  lol  and  |o2  show,  by  shades  of  color,  t he  death 
late  due  to  consumption  per  |00,0(»0  of  po[)ulatioii  in 
1900.     The    hea\-y    shades,    indicating   a    high   death 


VITAL  STATISTICS. 


63 


rate,  ai'c  fouiul  iniiicipully  along  thi'  Allaiitii-  cttasl. 
althoui;h  a  miiiihcr  of  counties  in  New  ^Oik  also  show 
a  lioavy  di'tith  rate  from  tiiis  disease.  .\  (•oiii[)arison  of 
the  two  plates  briiiys  out  the  eonipara(i\-ely  low  deatii 
lute  from  consumi)tion  in  the  state  of  Michijiaii.  only 
one  county,  Isaiiella,  ap])earing  in  the  highest  j;-roup. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  120,  repT-esents  the  death  rates  fiom 
consumption  in  each  month  for  cities  and  riiial  districts 
of  the  registration  states  in  i'.tdd.  The  diagram  indi- 
cates that  a  largi'  nuniher  of  deaths  occurred  from  this 
disease  in  every  month  of  the  year.  The  highest  di-atli 
rate  in  citii's  (-Jl.  I )  was  in  .Mareli.  and  the  lowest  in  dune 
(14.7),  while  in  the  ruial  disli'icts  the  highest  death 
rate  was  in  May  (i:-).4),  and  I  he  lowest  in  Sei)temlier 
(!U). 

The  har  diagi-ani,  JMate  120,  shows  the  coinparatixc 
proportion  of  deaths  from  consumption  at  each  age  in 
the  registration  area  f(U-  litOO  and  ISiMl.  The  deatii 
rate  from  consumption  foi-  the  registration  area  has 
decreased  from  21-;"). 4  ]ier  Kiii.ooo  of  popidation  in 
1S90  to  1S7.S  in  l'.»(»(>,  hut  the  diagram  shows  that  in 
six  of  the  age  groups  the  proportion  of  deaths  increased, 
the  greatest  increases  l)eing  shown  in  (he  age  |)erio(ls 
from  2.5  to  44  years.  The  greatest  deci-ease  is  shown 
in  the  periods  from  15  to  24  3'ears.  The  proportion  of 
deaths  from  consumption  was  very  small  for  persons 
less  than  l."i  and  o\-er  HO  years  of  age,  the  greatest  pro- 
portion being  shown  for  the  age  periods  from  2o  to  8'.> 
years. 

CANC'Elt    AND    TtTMOK. 

Plates  103  and  lo4  show  the  death  rate  due  to  cancer 
and  tumor  per  luu.UOO  of  i)opulation  in  lltou.  Maine, 
New  Hampshire,  and  Vermont  contain  tiie  most  exten- 
sive areas  of  the  darkest  shade,  indicating  tlie  highest 
death  rates,  although  New  York  and  Michigan  each 
had  a  luunber  of  counties  with  a  high  di'alli  rate.  New 
Jersey  and  the  ujjper  peninsula  of  Michigan  had  the 
lowest  death  rate  from  these  causes,  only  two  counties 
in  the  latter  showing  a  death  rate  abo\e  .")(i  per  100,000 
of  population. 

The  deatii  rale  from  cancer  for  the  registration  ai'ca 
has  increased  from  47. !•  per  100,000  of  population  in 
ISltO  to  t)0.0  in  I'.too.  The  third  diagram  on  Plate  121 
represents  the  comparative  jjroportion  of  deaths  from 
this  cause  at  each  age  in  the  registration  aica.  in  lUOO 
and  IS'.M).  and  shows  a  decrease  in  the  pro.portion  of 
deaths  for  all  of  the  age  periods  except  five.  The  most 
noticeable  increase  shown  was  for  the  age  period  fi'om 
70  to  74  years.  The  largest  [)ropoi'tiou  of  deatiis  from 
this  disease  occuri'e<l  at  ad\auced  age  periods,  a  very 
small  proportion  being  shown  for  per.sons  less  than  25 
years. 

DIl'UTIIKUIA    AND    CKOUr. 

Plates  105  and  loti,  representing  the  death  rate  per 
100,000  of  population  due  to  diphtheria  and  croup,  show 
that  the  most  extensive  areas  of  tin-  darkest   siiade,  in- 


dicating the  iiigiiest  death  rates,  exclusive  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  C(jlumliia,  were  in  New  Jer-se^-,  Massac]iu.setts, 
and  New  York  (tlie  death  rate  in  eiudi  state  from  these 
causes  being  over  45  per  10{(, ()()(•  of  population),  and  the 
iargesi  ai-easof  the  lightest  shade,  indicating  the  lowest 
death  rate,  in  Vermont  and  Michigan.  Ixitli  states 
having  a  death  rate  less  than  2/!. 

The  death  rate  from  these  causes  for  the  registration 
area  in  litoii,  45.2  per  Ido.Odit  of  population,  was  nuich 
lower  than  in  Isitd.  when  it  was  Ul.s. 

The  line  diagram,  Plate  115,  shows  the  comparatixc 
pro|)ortioti  of  deaths  from  diphtheria  and  croup  at 
s])ecitied  ages  in  the  registration  area,  in  I'.iddand  Is'.id. 
The  greatest  proportion  of  deaths  from  these  di.seases 
ai)pear(>d  in  the  ages  l)elow  15  years.  The  diagram 
shows  a  slight  increase  in  the  proportion  of  deaths 
for  the  jjeriods  less  than  4  years  of  age,  and  slight  de- 
O'eases  in   nearly  all  the  periods  above  4  years  of  age. 

Diphtheria  in  cities  (i'late  115)  had  the  higli(-st  death 
rate  (4.S)  in  Decemlier,  and  the  lowest  (2.4)  in  .Vugust, 
while  in  the  rural  districts  it  was  highest  in  November, 
Oecembi'r,  and  . January,  each  having  practically  the 
same  death  rate  ll.S).  and  lowest  in  dune  (d.7). 

iM'i,ri;NZA. 

Plates  ld7  and  IdS  show,  for  litdd,  the  death  rate  due 
to  intluen/ajx'r  Idd.dddof  population.  The  mostexten- 
sive  areas  of  the  darkest  shade,  indicating  the  highest 
rates,  were  found  in  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island. 
Every  county  in  the  former  state  and  all  but  one  in  the 
latt(>r  were  in  the  highest  group,  as  were  a  lutmber  of 
counties  in  Maiiu'.  New  Hampshire.  \'ei'mont.  and 
Massachusetts.  Michigan  shows  the  most  extensive 
area  of  the  lightest  shade,  indicating  the  lowest  death 
rate.  The  death  rate  from  influenza  in  Rhode  Island 
was  75. ti  and  Connecticut  70.!*.  while  in  Michigan  it 
was  t)nly  17.3. 

Plate  117  shows  the  death  rates  from  intlueuza  in 
each  luoidh  fcir  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registra- 
tion states  in  l!»dd.  The  high(>st  death  ratelS.f.)  from 
influenza  in  cities  was  found  in  Marci),  and  the  lowest 
(0.1)  in  duly,  -Vugust.  and  SeptemVter.  In  rural  dis- 
tricts tlu>  highest  rate  (11.7)  was  found  in  April,  and 
the  lowest  rate  (d.3)  in  the  months  of  August  and 
September. 

The  general  death  late  for  the  registration  area  from 
influen/.a  in  I'.tdd  was  23.9  per  lOO.OOd  of  population. 
Deaths  from  this  cause  were  not  r(>ported  separately  in 
lS!»d. 

TYPHOID    1-KVKH. 

Plates  109  and  110  show  the  death  rate  due  to  typhoid 
fever  per  ld(t,000  of  population  in  1900.  The  heavy 
.shades,  indicating  those  counties  in  which  the  death  rate 
from  this  disease  was  highest,  are  scattered  through  all 
the  registration  states,  Excduding  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, Vermont  and  Maine  had  the  highest  death  rate, 
and  New  Ilampshiri'  and  New  .Jersey  the  lowest. 


G-t 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


Th«^  highest  death  rate  (H.3)  from  this  distMisc  in  citio.s. 
ilhi.strated  on  Plato  111.  is  indicated  in  the  months  of 
September  and  O-tober.  and  tlie  lowest  (1.1)  in -luiie. 
while  in  the  rural  distriets  the  highest  rate  was  in  Octo- 
ber, and  the  lowest  in  June,  praetieally  the  .same  as  in 
the  cities. 

The  line  diagram  on  Plate  117  shows  the  comparative 
propoi'tion  of  deaths  from  typhoid  f(>vei-  at  each  age  in 
tin'  registration  aveA.  in  l!»oO  and  ISIM).  While  the 
(h'ath  rate  in  the  registration  area  from  this  fever  has 
decreased  from  4t!.;!  per  lOO.UOU  of  population  in  1S<J(I 
to  33.8  in  VMKK  a  nuud)er  of  the  age  groups  on  tlie  dia- 
gram .show  a  higlier  proportion  of  deatlis  in  1900  than  in 
isiMi.  I^arge  decreases  will  be  noted  in  the  age  perio<ls 
from  15  to  29  j-ears.  which  show  the  largest  proportion 
of  deaths  from  this  di.sease.  The  age  periods  from  3ii 
to  74  show  the  gn>atest  increases  in  the  death  rate  from 
typhoid  fever,  and  slight  increa.ses  and  decreases  are 
indicated  in  several  of  th(>  other  groups. 

MEASLES. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  114.  represents  the  (h-ath  rates  from 
measles  in  each  month  for  cities  and  rural  disti'icts  of 
the  registration  states  in  lUOO.  and  shows  that  in  cities 
the  death  rate  from  measles  was  highest  in  March  (2.7). 
and  lowest  in  ()ctol)er  (0.4):  in  the  rural  districts  it  was 
highest  in  March  (l.S).  and  lowest  in  Sej)teml>er  (<>.  L). 

The  death  rate  from  this  cause  for  the  registration 
area  per  100,(»0(i  of  population  lias  decreased  from  J3.5 
in  1S!X)  to  13.--'  in  I'.hm). 

SCARLET    FEVER. 

The  tirst  set  of  circular  diagrams  on  Plate  115  shows 
the  death  rates  from  .scarlet  fever,  ))y  months,  for  cities 
and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states  in  1900. 
Deaths  from  this  fever  were  mcst  prevalent  in  cities  in 
the  month  of  Fel)ruary,  the  rate  for  that  month  being 
1.8.  while  the  lowest  rate  (0.4)  was  for  the  mouth  of 
September;  in  the  rural  districts  February  and  March 
had  the  highest  death  rates  (<i.9)  and  .Fuly.  August,  and 
iSeptember  the  lowest  (0.3). 

The  death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  scarlet 
fever  has  decrea.sed  from  L3.0  per  Kmi.ooo  of  ])(>))uhi- 
tion  in  1890  to  11. (>  in  1900. 

wiiodi'ix*;  C'oumi. 

The  first  pair  of  circular  diagrams  on  Plate  ll*>  shows 
the  death  rates  from  this  disease  in  each  month  for 
cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states  in 
190ft.  The  diagram  shows  a  singular  condition  in  rela- 
tion to  the  highest  death  rate  from  whooping  cough 
in  cities,  as  two  widely  separated  mouths,  Mai'ch  and 
Augu.st,  had  the  highest  rate  (-J.u).  and  October  and 
jSoveml)er  the  lowest  (0.8).  In  the  rural  districts  the 
highest  death  rate  was  in  August  (1.3).  and  the  lowest 
in  the  month  of  ( )ctober  (o.r.). 


The  death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  whoop- 
ing cough  per  100.00(1  of  population  has  decreased  from 
15. ,s  in  l.Sito  to  12.7  in  1900. 

MALARIAL    FEVER. 

In  cities  deatlis  from  malai'ial  fever  were  most  nu- 
merous in  the  month  of  Septendjer,  the  rate  for  that 
month  ])eing  0.7.  and  fewest  from  December  to  May,  as 
shown  })y  the  circular  diagrams  on  Plate  116,  the  rates 
for  these  months  ranging  from  0.3  to  0.4.  In  rural 
distriets  the  highest  rate  was  in  October  and  the  lowest 
in  the  months  from  December  to  June,  the  death  rate 
in  thes(>  months  lieing  very  nearly  the  .same. 

The  death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  thi.s 
disease  was  lower  for  1900  tlian  1890.  having  decreased 
from  19.2  per  100.000  of  population  to  8.8. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  116.  shows  the  comparative  pro- 
portion of  deaths  from  malarial  fever  at  each  age  in  the 
registration  area  in  1900  and  1890.  In  the  age  period 
less  than  1  year  the  death  i-ate  was  uuich  higher  for 
1900  than  for  1890.  The  age  periods  showing  an  in- 
crease since  1.S90  are  1  to  4  years,  20  to  24,  45  to  49, 
and  65  to  89,  inclusive.  The  age  periods  from  10  to  19 
show  the  largest  decreases,  the  decreases  in  the  remain- 
ing age  periods  being  very  small.  The  largest  propor- 
tions of  deaths  from  this  disease  are  noted  for  the  ages 
from  20  to  24  years  and  less  than  1  year. 

CEREliRO-Sl'INAL    FEVER. 

The  circular  diagrams  on  Plate  lis  show  the  death 
rates  from  t'crebro-spinal  fever  in  each  month  for  cities 
and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states  in  1900. 
The  death  rate  in  cities  was  highest  (1.1)  in  June  and 
July  and  lowest  (0.4)  in  December  and  January.  In 
the  rural  districts  June  had  much  the  highest  death  rate 
(1.0)  and  November,  December,  February,  March,  and 
April  tlie  lowest,  the  rates  for  each  of  thes(>  months 
being  the  .same  (0.5). 

Bar  diagram  2.  Plate  118.  shows  the  comparative  pro- 
I  ortion  of  (hniths  from  cerebrospinal  fever  at  each  age 
period  in  the  I'egistratioi^area.  1900  and  1890.  The 
death  rates  have  deerea.sed  in  a  majority  of  the  age 
groups:  however,  it  is  also  true  that  the  death  rate  in 
the  registration  area  from  this  disease  has  increased 
from  6.3  j)er  loo.ooo  of  popuhition  in  1.890  to  7.1  in 
1900.  The  greatest  propoition  of  deaths  from  this  dis- 
ease was  found  to  be  in  the  lower  age  periods,  and  was 
especially  large  among  children  less  than  1  year  of  age. 

ERY.SIPKLAS. 

The  .second  line  diagram  on  Plate  lis  shows  the  com- 
parative propoi-tion  of  deaths  from  erysipelas  at  each 
age  in  the  i-egistration  area  in  I9oo  and  |S90. 

The  death  rate  for  the  registi-ation  area  from  this  dis- 
ease shows  a  slight  decrease,  from  5.1  per  100,000  of 
liopulation  in    ISDo  to  5.1  in  1900.  hut   nearly  one-half 


VITAL  STATISTICS. 


65 


the  uyi' j^roii]).- slidW  ;iii  iiiri'ciix'  in  tlir  |)r()[)()rlinii  ul' 
deatli.s  ill  ll""'  dvcr  is'.tii.  The  prn])()rti<)ii  of  (Icatlis 
I'l'Diii  erysipelas  was  exceptionally  lai'uc  aijioni;'  i-iiildrcn 
less  than  I  year  of  age. 

OI.D    M.V.. 

Diagram  1.  I'late  Hit,  sliows  tlie  death  rates  Ironi  old 
age  in  each  month  for  eities  and  rural  districts  of  the 
I'egistratioii  states  in  1!*()0,  and  l)rings  out  the  fact  tiiat 
the  deatii  rat(>  fi-om  old  age,  in  both  cities  and  rural  dis- 
tricts, was  highest  in  March  and  lowest  in  July.  It  is 
also  ti'ue  that  the  rates  foi-  rural  districts  were  almost 
d()ul)le  those  for  corresponding  months  in  cities.  The 
death  rate  for  the  registration  area  fr(>m  old  ago  in  1900, 
.5-i.Oper  Kio.dddof  ])opulation.  was  greater  than  in  is'.io. 
when  it  was  44. '.t. 

I)I.\K1U1K.\1.    DISKASKS. 

From  diarrheal  diseases  (Plate  ll'.»)  tiie  death  rale  in 
cities  was  highest  in  July  (4i>.S)  and  lowest  in  th(>  winter 
months,  while  in  the  rural  districts  it  was  highest  in 
August  (27.7)  and  lowest  in  tlie  winter  mouths.  The 
death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  these  diseases 
has  decreased  from  1S3.7  per  loo.iKMt  of  ixipulation  in 
1890  to  i:^2.S  in  1900. 

Diagi'aiu'J.  I'late  Hit.  represents  the  eomp.irative  pin- 
portion  of  deaths  from  tliai'i'heal  diseases  (excluding 
cholera  infantum)  for  ages  -I  years  and  o\-er  in  the  regis- 
tration area  in  1900  and  1890.  The  proportion  of  deatlis 
from  diarrheal  diseases  has  increased  for  ages  hclow  ."i 
years  and  ahove  (i4  years,  and  decreased  for  the  ages 
from  .■)  to  "14  yeais.  The  diagram  also  shows  that  the 
proportion  of  deaths  from  these  causes  was  very  large 
for  children  from  -J  to  8  years  and  for  adults  from  ti.")  to 
79  years  of  age. 

PNEUMONIA. 

The  death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  pneu- 
monia was  larger  in  1900  than  in  1S90,  liaving  increased 
from  18t).9  to  19-2.0  per  100,000  of  population. 

The  second  l)ar  diagram  on  Plate  12n  represents  the 
comparative  proportion  of  deaths  from  pneumonia  at 
each  age  in  1900  and  1890.  The  diagram  shows  large 
increases  in  the  pi'oportiou  of  deaths  for  persons  less 
than  .H  years  of  age;  for  a  majority  of  the  age  periods 
shown  on  the  diagram  the  proportion  of  deaths  in  1890 
was  larger  than  for  1900.  The  largest  proportion  of 
deaths  from  this  disease  is  shown  f(jr  children  less  than 
1  year  of  age. 

DIABETES. 

The  death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  diabetes 
has  increased  from  .^.Ti  per  loO.dOO  of  population  in 
1890  to  9.3  in  IKOO. 

The  first  diagram  on  Plate  121  shows  the  comparative 
proportion  of  deaths  from  this  disease  at  eai'h  age  in 
the  registration  area  in  1900  and  1890,  and  indicates  a 
decrease  in  the  iiroportion  of  deaths  in  a  majority  of  the 


age  gi'oups.  .\n  increase  in  the  death  rate  is  especially 
noticeable  in  the  age  ])erio(l  from  >>'>  to  64  years.  Com- 
l)arati\cly  few  deaths  occurred  from  this  disease  in  the 
age  ])eriods  l)elow  '>  years,  the  age  groujjs  from  .")'i  to 
74  years  showing  largo  percentages  of  deaths. 

SCKOKII.A    AM)   TABES. 

The  death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  these 
causes  has  decreased  fi'om  li."  per  IdO.iKMi  of  ])()pulation 
in  1890  to  ;it>  in  I'.mmi. 

The  second  diagram  on  Plate  121  represents  tin'  com- 
parative proportion  of  deaths  at  each  agi'  period  from 
scrofula  and  tabes  in  I'.titoand  ls9n.  and  shows  an  in- 
crea.se  in  the  proportion  of  deaths  foi-  nearly  every  age 
group,  the  most  noticeable  exceptions  })eing  for  children 
less  than  1  year.  1,  and  2  years  of  age.  each  of  whicii 
shows  a  considerable  decrease  as  compared  w  itii  1890. 
.\  large  jjroportion  of  deaths  from  the.se  causes  is  indi- 
cated for  the  lowest  age  period. 

DISEASKS    OK    TUK    NERVOIS   SYSTE.M. 

The  circular  diagiams  on  Plate  li'ii.  representing  the 
death  rates  from  diseases  of  the  ni'i'vous  system  in  each 
month  for  cities  an<l  rural  districts  of  th(>  registration 
states  in  19(Mi.  show  but  slight  variations  throughout 
the  year  in  both  cities  and  rural  ilistriets.  the  highest 
rates  occurring  in  March  and  .Vpril.  each  being  over 
20;  and  the  lowest    in  Noxcmber.  both  less  than  17. 

The  death  rate  per  IDO.OOO  of  population  from  these 
causes  in  the  regislTation  area  has  decreasid  from  247.4 
in  1890  to  217.2  in  I'.mmi. 

DISEASES    Ol'     rUK    ClliCl  I.AIORY  SV.sTEJI. 

The  circulai'  diagram  on  Plate  122.  representing  the 
death  rates  from  diseases  of  the  circulatory  system  in 
the  registration  states,  shows  that  it  was  highest  in 
March  for  both  cities  and  rural  districts,  both  being- 
over  Iti;  while  the  lowest  rate  for  the  city  districts  (9.9) 
was  in  .\ugust.  and  for  the  I'ural  districts  (11.. S)  in  Sep- 
tember and  October. 

The  deatli  late  from  these  causes  for  the  registra- 
tion area  has  increased  from  134.2  per  lOn.OOOof  popu- 
lation in  1S9I1  to  1.50.1  in  1900. 

Al'Ofl.EXY  AND  I'AKAI.YSIS. 

The  death  rate  from  apoplexy  and  paralysis  ])er 
100,000  of  population  for  the  registration  area  has 
increased  from  S4.."i  in  1890  to  99.4  in  19n0. 

Diagram  l',  Plate  122.  shows  the  comparative  pro- 
portion of  deaths  from  apoplex\-  and  paralysis  at  each 
age  in  the  registration  area  in  19tl0  and  1S90.  A  slight 
increase  in  a  number  of  the  age  periods  is  shown,  the 
most  marked  being  in  the  groups  from  .">.>  to  59,  and  70 
to  74  years,  the  ditierences  in  the  other  periods  being 
slight.  The  proportion  of  deaths  from  these  causes  was 
very  small  in  the  lower  age  groups,  and  very  large  in 
the  groups  from  <!n  to  70  years. 


06 


STA^^ISTICAL  ATLA.S. 


DISEASES    OB'    THE    KESl'IItATOliY    SYSTEM. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  V2o.  shows  tlie  death  rates  from  clis-  ! 
eases  of  the  respiratory  system  in  eacli  niontii  for  eities  i 
and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states  in  r.HK). 
In  eities  the  highest  death  rate  (54.(i)  oecurred  in  the 
month  of  ^lari-h,  and  the  lowest  (ll.'>)  in  the  month  of 
August,  while  in  rural  districts  April  had  the  highest 
rate  (85.1)  and  July  and  August  the  lowest  (5.4).    , 

The  death  rate  foi-  the  registration  area,  from  diseas(!s 
of  the  respiratory  system,  has  greatly  decreased,  being 
■2~9.b  per  10(1.(1(10  of  population  in  11H)0.  and  3.30.3  in 
1890. 

liRONCHITIS. 

The  death  rate  from  bronchitis  foi'  the  registration 
area  shows  a  decrease  fi'om  74.4  per  loo.ooo  of  popula- 
tion in  ISIM)  to  48.3  in  1!»00. 

The  diagi'am  for  this  disease,  Plate  1:^3,  shows  very 
few  increases  in  the  death  rates  in  l!»oo.  the  most  marked 
being  in  the  rate  foi-  children  less  than  1  year  of  age. 
The  diagram  brings  out  the  fact  that  a  large  propt)rtion 
of  deaths  from  this  disease  occurred  among  children  less 
than  3  years  of  age. 

HEART    DISEASE    AND    DROPSY. 

Tlie  death  rate  for  the  registration  area  from  heart 
disease  and  dropsy  has  increased  from  132.1  per  l(K).0(io 
of  jiopulation  in  1890  to  140.9  in  1900. 

The  line  diagram  on  Plate  123,  representing  the  com- 
p.u'ative  proportion  of  deaths  from  th(\se  diseases,  at 
each  age  in  the  registration  area  in  19O0  and  1890,  shows 
increases  in  the  advanced  age  groups,  from  .").5  to  89 
years,  and  but  slight  differences  in  the  other  groups, 
those  for  less  than  I  3'ear  and  for  4  years  indicating 
but  small  increases.  The  greatest  proportion  of  deaths 
from  these  causes  occurred  at  advanced  ages. 

DISEASES    OE   THE    DIGESTIVE    SYSTEM. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  124,  represents  the  death  rates  from 
diseases  of  the  digestive  system  in  each  month  for  cities 
and  rural  districts  of  the  registiation  states  in  1900. 
These  death  rates  show  but  slight  \ariations  during  tlie 
year  for  l)oth  cities  and  rural  districts.  The  highest 
rate  (8.7)  for  cities  was  in  the  month  of  March,  and  the 
lowest  (7.1)  in  the  month  of  November.  In  the  rural 
districts  the  highest  rate  (8.3)  w^as  in  May  and  August, 
and  the  lowest  (ti.ti)  in  February.  Considerable  diticr- 
ence  is  shown  between  the  two  areas  in  a  number  of 
months. 

The  death  rate  for  th(>  registration  ar(>a  from  diseases 
of  this  class  has  increased  fi'om  91. .5  per  100,000  of  pop- 
ulation in  lS9(t  to  98. .5  in  1900, 


DISEASES    OF    THE    LIVER. 

The  death  rate  from  diseases  of  the  liver  in  the  reg- 
istration area  has  decreased  from  24.1  per  lOO.OOO  of 
population  in  1890  to  22.7  in  1900. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  124,  shows  the  comparative  propor- 
tion of  deaths  from  diseases  of  the  liver,  at  each  age  in 
the  registration  area  in  1900  and  1890,  and  indicates 
that  there  has  been  a  slight  increase  for  a  majority  of 
the  age  periods.  The  greatest  proportions  of  deaths 
from  diseases  of  the  liver  were  for  the  ages  from  50  to 
69  years  and  less  than  1  year. 

DISEASES    OF    THE    HONES    AND    .TOINTS. 

The  d(_'ath  rate  from  diseases  of  the  bones  and  joints 
in  the  registration  area  has  decreased  but  slightly,  hav- 
ing been  4.0  per  100.0(.)0  of  ])opulation  in  1890  and  3.t; 
in  1900. 

Thediagram  on  Plate  124,  representingthe  proportion 
of  deaths  from  diseases  of  the  bones  and  joints,  shows  a 
slight  d(>crease  in  most  of  the  age  periods  below  15,  and 
a  slight  increase  in  a  majority  of  the  groups  above  14 
years  of  age.  The  largest  proportion  of  deaths  from 
these  diseases  was  found  in  the  ages  from  5  to  24  years 
and  less  than  1  yeai'. 

AC(TI)ENTS    AND    IN.IERIES. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  125,  represents  the  death  rates  from 
accidents  and  injuries  (excluding  suicides)  in  each  month 
for  cities  and  rural  districts  of  the  registration  states  in 
1900,  and  shows  that  in  cities  the  death  rate  from  these 
causes  was  highest  in  the  months  of  June  (7.9)  and  July 
(7.5)  and  low(^st  in  January,  FebiTiary,  and  March.  In 
tile  rural  districts  it  was  highest  in  the  months  of  July 
(7.(i)  and  August  (7.S)  and  low'est  in  Decemlier.  January, 
and  February. 

The  death  rate  from  these  causi's  per  100,000  of  pop- 
ulation in  the  registration  urea  has  increased  from  91.9 
in  1890  to  9(5.0  in  1900. 

SIK'IDE. 

For  the  registration  states,  the  death  rate  from  sui- 
cide, as  shown  on  Plate  125,  was  highest  in  cities  in  April 
and  May  (1.1)  and  lowest  in  December  and  February 
(0.7);  in  the  rural  districts  it  was  highest  in  May  (1.0) 
and  lowest  in  November  and  Februaiy  (0.6). 

In  the  registi'ation  area  the  death  rate  from  this 
cause  per  100.000  of  jjopulation  has  increased  from  10.3 
in  1S90  to  ll.S  in  1900. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  125.  represents  the  comparative 
projiortioii  of  deaths  from  suicide  at  specified  ages 
in  the  registration  area  in  1900  and  1890,  and  shows 
that  in  the  age  groups  less  than  15.  15  to  19,  30  to  44, 
70  to  74,  and  80  to  84,  the  death  rate  from  suicide  has 
increased. 


— ' — ' — -^  - ' —  ■■^■'^ — •• 


PLATE  No. 101 


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PLATE  No. 104 


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JUlliJS  eiE'J  A  CO   l-tTM  M 


PLATE  No.105 


S  91EM  A  HO  1  I--   ■ 


PLATE  No.106 


luuus  eiEH  «  CO  1 


PLATE  No.  1 07 


S  BIC**  »  CO   I  itm 


PLATE  ho  108 


¥i^l 


^;     'Sl>ftl>.«C 


TITK  DEATH  RATK  ni'E  TO 
INFl.fKN/A 

per  lOd.OOl)    dl'   |)i)|)iiliilii>ii 


1  I I   Undi-i-    H)    iHT  UKi 

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m  2. .. 

in   :ui 

m      Wt  aiidoviM' 

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JU^.lUS8^£^^&CO  ..iT..  N  v 


PLATE  No  !0Q 


US  81ES  a  CO   LI-Tm  N  -r 


PLATE  No. 110 


N.Manitoijlf 


Sea      i'^  >?^^^B^ft!4#''^^*'" 

<-     -        -I    A  :  ,-C(  ici.-  I 


(i:si.iii-.  isHK' 


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<c^' 


'nil''.  DK.vni  H.vi-i'',  nri';  to  i 

■I'^l'llOll)   I'KAKU 
pel-  loo. Odd    ol'    |>(i|)nliil  ion 


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V. 


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iLIUS  BIEN  *CO 


PLATE  No  III 


1   DKATH  HATHS  1>KH  1000  OFPOPUI^TION 
INTHK  RKdISTHATIONSTATKS  :li)(>0 


2.  (OMRMIATIVI-:  DKATM  I^ATFS  PKH  1000  OFPOIM'IATIOX  UN'1>KU  15 
ANDFROMLTTl)-l5-iKM<SOI-A0K  IN  TliK  UL  KAJ,  DISTIUCTSOKTIIK  HKCISTHATlON 
STATES  BYHIK'niPLArE  OF  MO'lliKKS  :  1900 


UNOKn  l.-i  >-EAKS 


16  TO  -lo   ii-.Ait.-> 


OISTOF  COLUMBIA   | 

BHODE  ISLAND        1 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE      ! 

NEW  YORK  I 

MASSACHUSETTS      ' 

MAINE 

NEW  JERSEY 

CONNECTICUT 

VERMONT 

MICHIGAN 


ITALY 

CANADA 

RUSSIA  AND  POLAND 

i RANGE 

SCANDINAVIA 

IRELAND 

UNITED  STATES 

GERMANY 

ENGLAND  AND  WALES 

SCOTLAND 

OTHER  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES 


3.  UlCATMlt  ATKS  PKH  1000  OK  POPULATION' INTIIE  HE  CrlSTR/NTION  STATES 
HY  SEX  .COI  .OH,  AND  CENEIt^M ,  NATIN^TY:  I9O0 


TAL  POPULATION 

MALES 
FEfrfALES 

!  HATIVEWHITEOFNATIVE  PARENTS  ' 
NATIVEWHITEOF  FOREIGNPARENT:  \ 
FOHEION  WHITE  i 

I      COLORED  I 

RURAL  I 

URBAN  I 

WHITE  I 

COLORED  I 


n 


4.COMP.\HATl\1-:  DEATH  HATES  PER  1000  0FP0PUI.A3'I0.\  UiNHER  13 

AN  I)  FROM  15  TO  -l^-^lvUlS  OIWOK  IN  CITIES  Ii\  THE  REtllSTRATlON* 

STATES  HYKIH'niPIjM'E  OFMO'IHEHS:  1900 


tJN1>Kn  l.S  ^-KARS 


5.  PROPORTION  OFDKATHS  l>rE  TO  (^'ERTAIN  CAUSES, PEUIOOO DEATHS  \n\OM  ALL  CAUSES 
AMONGTHE  WHITi;  AND  THE  COLOHKn  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  :  190O 


15  TO  45  YK/ 


I TALY 

FRANCE 

CANADA 

IRELAND 

UNITED  STATES  ^ 

SCANDINAVIA 

GERMANY 

EN&LANDANO   WAlES 

RUSSIA  AND  POLAND 

SCOTLAND 

OTHER  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES 


120        130         l-IO 


DISEASES  OF  THE 
NERVOUS  SYSTEM 


PNEUMONIA 


1}     CONSUMPTION 


!    DISEASES  OF  THE 

1     CIRCULATORY  SYSTEM 


DIARRHEAL  DISEASES 


DISEASES  OFTHE 
DIGASTIVE  SYSTEM 


ACCIDENTS  AND  INJURIES 


DISEASES  OFTHE 
URINARY  SYSTEM 


CANCER  ANDTUMOR 


TYPHOID  FEVER 


BRONCHITIS 


DIPHTHERIA 


MALARIAL  FEVER 


AFFECTIONS  CONNECTED 
WITH  PREGNANCY 


SCROFULA  ANDTA8ES 


<i.nE.-\TH  RATES  FROM  CEF^TAIN  DISEASES  PER  100.000 
OFPOPl'I^VnOMN  THE  m*:r;iSTRAT!OX  STATES   :  190O 


PNEUMONIA 
CONSUMPTION 
DIARRHEAL  DISEASES 
CANCER  AND  TUMOR 
DIPHTHERIA  AND  CROUP 
INFLXJENZA 

AFFECTIONS  CONNECTEOI 
WITH  PREGNANCY 
TYPHOID  FEVER 
MEASLES 

WHOOPING  COUGH 
SCARLET  FEVER 
MALARIAL  FEVER 


n 


7.  HE. \Tn  HATES  OF  THE  ASTUTE  AND  THE  COLORED 
PEHIOOOOFPOPUI^TIO.NIN  CERTAIN  CITIES  :1900 


N\THTE 


COLORED 


CHARLESTON 

RICHMOND 

NEW  ORLEANS 

ATLANTA 

MEMPHIS 

BALTIMORE 

WASHINGTON 

LjOUISVILLE 

STUOUIS 


US  BIENiCO  LiTMNT 


PLATE  No. 


l.PERCKN'l'AGKS  OF  OlvVrilS  FKOM  CI-:HT.\IXC'Al'SKS 
IN  THE  UNITKn  STATES:  1900 AND  1890 


2.PEHri-:NTAr.KS  OF  DF^VniSFROM  CEHTMXC'AUSES 
IN  THE  REGISTItAT10N.\RE.\  :  IBOO.XND  1890 


CONSUMPTION 


PNEUMONIA 


HEART  DISEASE 


DIARRHEAL  DISEASES 


DISEASES  OFTHEKIDNEY 


TYPHOID  FEVER 


DIPHTHERIA  AND  CROUP 


INFLAMMATION  OFTHE  BRAIN    | 
AND   MENINGITIS 


CHOLERA  INFANTUM 


PARALYSIS 


BRONCHITIS 


CONVULSIONS 


MALARIALFEVER 


PREMATURE  BIRTH 


DISEASES OFTHE  STOMACH  I 


DISEASES  OFTHE  LIVER 


WHOOPING  COUGH 


PERITONITIS 


RAILROAD  ACCIDENTS 


SEPTICEMIA 


BURNS  ANDSCALDS 


SCARLET  FEVER 


DROWNING 


PE  RCEN  T 


g  >0  11 


PNEUMONIA 


CONSUMPTION 


HEART  DISEASE 


DIARRHFALOISEASES 


I  D 


ISEASES  OFTHEKIDNEY 


CHOLERA  INFANTUM 


DIPHTHERIA  AND  CROUP 


INFLAMMATION  OFTHESRAIN 
AfJD   MENINGITIS 


TYPHOID  FEVER 


PREMATURE  BIRTH 


CONVULSIONS 


DISEASES  OFTHE  LIVER 


DISEASES  OFTHE  STOMACi 


PERITONITIS 


RAILROAD  ACCIDENTS 


WHOOPING  COUGH 


SCARLET  FEVER 


DROWNING 


SEPTICEMIA 


BURNS  AND  SCALDS 


MALARIALFEVF-R 


JUUUS  BIENftCO  UTH.N.Y. 


PKOiH)irri()N  o^' i)i':.vi'iis  IN  i-;a(ii  month  axj) 'riii-:  i{i-;i..vnvK  PUopoirrioNS 

ATAI-I,A(ilvS  AND  AT  SI')-;(U'll';i)  MW-:  (■.H()n>S:  1!)0() 


PLATE  No  113 


ALL  AGES 


UNDER   5 


5    TO    59 


60     AND     OVER 


l.DE.YTH  FL\TES  FROM  GKNEH,M>  DISEASES  IN  P:A('H  MONTH  FORCITIES 
,\ND  RITLM.  DISTRICTS  OK  THE  REGISTRATION  STATKS  :  lOOO 


PLATE  No.ll 


CITIES 


RURAL 


2.  DEATH  RATES  FROM ME.\SLES  IN  EACH  MONTH  FOR  CITIES. \ND  RURAL 
DISTRICTS  OF  THE  REGISTRATION  STATES  :I900 


CITIES 


RURAL 


JULIUS  BlENfltCO.LITH.N 


l.DE-^TH  RATES  FROM  SC\R1.ETFE\'ER  AXD  DIPHTHEFUA  IN  EACH  MONTH  FOR  CITIES 
.^^T)  RLTIAL DISTRICTS  OF  THE  REGISTRATION  STATES:  1900 


-ATE  No  115 


SCARLET  ^•E^■ER 


CITIES 


RURAL 


DrPHTHERL\ 


CITIES 


RURAL 


2.»'r)MP.\PL\TR"E  PR<»PORTI0N  OF  DEATHS  FROM  DrPHTHERL\  AND  CROTT-AT  SPEriFIED 
A«tES  IXTHE  REOISTP^\TrON.APuE.-\:  IPiJd  .AND  1890 


1 

Age 

I90C 

1890 

S70 

£*C 

213 

•50         150         120 

30 

63 

3C 

3  = 

5  3 

S3 

120         ISC          ISO 

310 

2-tB 

270 

[                                                   ■                                                                     II 

1 

' 

1                                                                             -                          "         " 

! 

■        * 

1                '       .        '                       '•        •        \        '\        '■       i        ' 

.        .                ■ 

• 

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■»  -  s 
J  —  * 

a-  3 

1  —  2 

O-  I 

1 

— 

■ 

M 

■ 

..— 

— 

— 



-VUUS  B»0«»CO.UT>tH/' 


1.  DEATH  RATES  FROM  WHOOPING  COUGH  AND  \L\I.AKL\1.  EK\1-:H  IN  EACH  MONTH  FOR 
CITIES  AND  RLTJM- DISTRICTS  OF  THE  REGISTRATION  STATES  :I00O 


CITIES 


WHOOPING  COUGH 


RURAL 


iVIALAKIAJ.  FKVER 


CITIES 


2.  COMPARATIVE  PROPoriTHrN  OF  DEATHS  FROM  MALAI?LAL  FEM?:!^  AT  EACH  AGE 
IN  THE  HEGISTRATIONAIIFA:  liHX)  AND  USVtO 


Age 

1900 

1890 

90         80          70          60          50         40          30         20           10 

10         20         30          40         50         60        70         SO         90 

95    + 

1 

1  1  1  1 

^Lj 

1     1 

90-9* 

! 

1  1  1  1 

— 1     '  -■ 

85-89 

ao-a* 

75-79 
70-7  + 
65-69 

so-ei- 

55-59 
50 -S'* 
♦  S--*©  _] 

33-39 
30-3+ 
?5-29 
20  -^4^ 

15  -rg 
10-1  + 
1.  -  ^ 

3           -1 

"2-3 

1  —  S 

0—    1 

1 

-- 

f 

"_1 

J 

m 

— 

■1 

S 

1 

£ 

..J 

1 

1 

1 

s 
E 

s 

z 
E 

E 

B 

z 

m 

5 

E 

1 

= 

, — 

— 

= 

- 

i 

* 

E 

— 

1.  DEATH  HATES  1-"1U)M  INKIA'ENZA.Vv'D  'J'YI'IIOIU  FEMiH  IN  EAlll  MONTH  FOH 
CITlES.\Nn  lUfH.M- DISTRICTS  OF  THE  REGISTRATION  STATES:  U)()0 


PLATE  No  117 


CITIES 


rXFI.l-KXZA 


'["ii'Hoiu  i-|-'.vi:u 


('OMl'ARATI\'F,  l^ROPOKTION  OF  DEATHS  FROM  TYPHOID  FENTIIR  AT  KACII  AOl 
TNTFIK  HF.01STRATrONARE.\:  1!K)0  i\ND  laOO 


JULIUS  BltNiCO  L'TH   N  f 


PLATE  No 


1.  DEATH  RATES  FROM  CEREBRO-SPINAI.  P'E:VER  IN  KACU  MONTH  FOR  CITIES 
AND  RURAL  DISTRICTS  OF  THE  REGISTRATION  STATES:1900 


CITIES 


RURAL 


2.  COMPARATIVE  PROPORTION  OF  DEATHS  FH(JM  CFJIEBRO-SPINAL  FP:\TiR^'«tNI)  ERYSIPELAS 
AT  EACH  AGE  IN  THE  REGISTRATION  AREA:  1900  AND  1H90 


CEHEBRO-SPINAL  FEVER 


Age 

1900 

1890 

270       240       210          ISO         150         120         90           60          30 

30           60          90           120         150          180        210         240       270 

90-d4- 

S5-fi9 

ao-a* 

• 

75-  79 

70-74- 

80-6+ 

1 

■ 

50-5-1- 

tO'^ 

35-39 

30-3'* 



1 

, 





, 















L.- 

1 1 

1 





-J 

, 



. 

— 1 

— 

20-24- 
15-19 
lO  -1  + 
5-9 
4-5 
3-  + 

a  -  3 

1  —  2 
O—    1 

Zi 

~ 

^ 

— 

— 

= 

= 

_J 

Zj 

^ 

Zi 

m 

1 

1 

s 

1 

■ 

I 

■ 

1 

— 

r 

^ 

. 

~ 

/ 

^ 

ERVSIPEI^S 


Age 

1900 

1890 

31-0         300       260       220       180        140          100         60          20 

20           60          100        140         160       220        260       300       340 

9S    -1- 

- 

1 

90-04- 

g 

85-89 

■■ 

ao-a* 

75-79 
70-74 
65-69 
60-64 

— 

— 

^ 

5^ 

^ 

~ 

_J 

1 

= 

i 

= 

E 

^ 

— 

— 

^ 

zz 

= 

— 

E 

E 

E 



53     59 
30-5-4 
45- 4-9 
■40-4^ 
33-39 
30-34- 

' 

1^ 

— 

— 

— 



— 

— 

- 

~ 

s 

1 

I 

— 

~ 

— 

— 

= 

- 

— 

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E 

E 

E 

E 

-     1      . 

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- 

— 

— 1 

— 

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ri 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

-n 

— 

— 

— 

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... 

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P*- 

— 

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— 

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1 

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^ 

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2-3 
1  -  2 
0-    1 

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— 



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^ 

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JULIUS  BIEN  aco.LiTH.r 


I. DEATH  RATKS1--HOM  OM)  AC.K  AM)  DIAHHHF.Ah  IMSHASKS  I.N  KACIl  MONTH  FOR 
C'lTIKSANI)  lUn^\l,  DISTRICTS  OK  Till-:  Hl-lCI  STRATIO.N  STATKS  :  IMOO 


PLATE  No  119 


oi.ik\(;k 


CITIES 


I ) !  A  r.  I !  1 1 K .  M ,  1 )  I S 1'.  AS  E  S 


RURAL 


L'.COiMFAUATlX'K  FHOl'OimoN  OF  DEATHS  FK(J.M  DlAliHUKAI.  DISKASKS 
(EXCLUDING  CHOLEKA  FKK^VNTI^M ) 
AT  KACIl  A(iE  INTIIE  REGISTRATION  AREA:  1900  AND  189() 


Age 

1900 

1890 

36        32         26        24        20          16         12          6           + 

+          8           12          16        20        24-        28        32        36 

95  + 

85-89 
80-84 
75-79 
70 -7* 
65-S9 

.    60-6« 
55-59 
50-54- 

■    45 -« 
40-44 

i     1     1     1     1     1     1  iri 

I                 1      1      i     1      1      !      1      1      !      1 

— 

~ 

1 

£ 

£ 

- 

1 

1 

1 
5 

g 

1 

T   r  ;   1  T 



- 
B 

' — 1 

-J 

= 

= 

1— 

£ 

—I 

E 

s 

Z 

~ 

— 

30-34 
25-29 
20-a4 
15-19 

re-  14 

5-9 

-^^^ 

2-3 

^ 

— 

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— 

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^ 

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m 

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N   1   1   '    1   1 

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1 

1 — 

i 

1 — 

JULIUS  BlENfl  CO.LHH  N  "* 


PLATE  No,  I2( 


1.  DEATH  R.\TESFROM  CONSUMPTION  IN  EACH  MONTH  FOR CITIE SAND  RITRAL 
DISTRICTS  OP^  THE  REGISTRATION  STATP:S  :  1900 


RURAL 


2. (COMPARATIVE  PROPORTION  OF  DEATHS  FROM  CONSUMPTION  AND  PNEUMONIA 
AT  EACH  AGE  IN  THE  REGISTRfVnON  AREA:  lOQO  AND  1890 


CONSUMPTION 


Age 

1900 

1890 

180       160       KO       120       100       60        60        40        20 

20        40         60        80        100       120       140       160       180 

95  + 

\ 

i 

' 

'^ 

90-9^^ 

65-89 

1 

1 

ao-81^ 

1 

— 

1 

75-79 

1 

I 

i 

70-74 
65-69 

55  -59 

50  -54 
45  -*9 

40-44 

E 

"^^ 

= 

— 

= 

= 

zi 

~ 

= 

J 

E 

P 

i 

-- 

1 

hs 

— 1 

— 

i 

— 

E 

= 

~ 

30-34 

25-29 
20-24 
l5-f9 
to  -14 
5-9 
4-  5 



~ 

E 

— 

^ 

= 

? 

= 

s 

_ 

1 

= 

■1 
-  - 

^ 

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S 



1 

s 

■ 

m 

s 

m 

■1 

s 

■ 

1 



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3  ~4 

1 

2-3 

1 

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— 

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± 

~ 

— 

z] 

— 

— 1 

— ' 

tz 

B 

B 

M 

^^ 

— 

— 

— 

z: 

Z2 

z 

PNEUMONIA 


Age 

1900 

1890 

180       160       140       120       100       80        60        40        20 

20        40         60        80        100       120      140       160       IBO 

95  -1- 

_J   I  1 

1 

90-94 

1  ■ 

85-39 

80-84 

75-79. 

70  -74 

65-69 

60-64 

""55  "sir- 

50  -54 
45-49 
40-44 
35-39 
30-34 
25-29 
Z0-S4 
i5-r9 
to  -  14 
5-9 
4-5 

1    -  2 

0  -  t 

1 

E 
E 

E 

- 

1 

E 

^ 

E 

— 

1 

M 

s 

■i 

■1 

1 

■1 
■1 

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1 

L- 

1— 

1  I 
1  _ 

3 

— 

— 

i 

u 

— 

— 

- 

— 

— 

E 

= 

zj 



JULIUS  BlENftCOLlTH^ 


PLATE  No  121 


COMPARATIVE  PHOPORTrON  OF  DEATHS  FROM  DLVUETES.  SCHOFl'LA  AXirrABES.  AXl)  (AXCEI{ 
AT  EACH  AGE  IN  lllE  REGISTRATION  AREA:  1C(00  AND  I89() 


DIABETES 


Age 

1900 

1890 

126        lia       98       84         70        56        42        28          14 

14        28        42          56         70       84        88         112        126 

4s  + 

1 

1       I       i       1       i       1 

J       ■                      -    1      1       !       ■       '       ; 

^  1 

90-94 

1      1 

Ml! 

_-}..;    '     !    ■  1 

■           '                            1 

as-99 

75-19 
70-7* 
8S-89 
60-6t 
55-59 
50-  54- 
^5-49 

-^ 

= 

— 

— 1 

1 

^ 

— 1 — 

"^^^ 

, 

5 

1 

= 

^ 

= 

35-39 

30-34 

25-23 

£0-24 

15-  19 

.JQ^14__ 

5 --9 

-  5 

— 

= 

— 

— 

= 

- 

i 
1 

— 

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— 

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L^ 

Lj 

-4J 

SrRUFL'I,A.\ND  TAHKS 


Age 

1900 

1890 

285    255     225      195      16S       135       105       75        +S         15 

15         +5         75         105       1.-":        165        195     225     255     285 

9S  + 

■ 











i 

ill                                                                    .... 

85-89 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— I 

-4- (--!-  • 

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1 1 

; • — 1 ' 



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70-^4 
65-69 
60-64 
55-59 
SO-  54 
45-49 
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— 

— 

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— 

— 

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r 

— 

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15-19 

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— 

— 

— 

~ 

■ 

E 

■ 

H 

■ 

E".^^^^^ 

t 

U- 

— 

B 

■ 

— 

IT 

E 

CANCER 


Age 

1900 

1890 

126        112       98       84         70        56        42        28          14 

14        28        42          56        70       84        36         112        126 

95  + 

1     1     1     1     1      ! 

1 

; 

,  J 

■            '             1                                       1 

90-94 

'           I 

j 

..     ti 

■  . U          1 

1 

85-89 
80-64 
75-79 

65-69 
60-64 
55-59 

^ 

^ 

= Ll  1  M  1  1   - 

^L^ 

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— 

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JULIUS  BlENaCO  LlTH.N-Y. 


1    DEATH  R,\TES  FROM  DISEASES  OF  THE  NERVOUS  SYSTEM  AND  DISEASES  OF  THE 
(TRCUliATORY  SYSTEM  IN  EACH  MONTH  FOR  CITIES  AND  HURM- DISTRICTS  OF 

THE  REGISTliATlON  STATES  :  1900 


PLATE  No, 


DISEASES  OFTHE  NERVOUS    S^'STEM 


CITIES 


RURAL 


niSF.ASES  OFTHE  CIRCUIATORY  SYSTEM 

CITIES  RURAL 


COMPARATIVE  PP.OPORTION  OF  DEATHS  FROM  APO PL EXYAND  PARALYSIS 
AT  KACII  A()K  IN  THE  REOISTRATrON  ARE^\:  li)0()  .AN^D  lOMd 


Age 

1900 

1890 

144         128          lis         96         ao          64          48          32           16 

16           32          46          64         SO          96          Ir2        128       144 

95   + 

J  1  1  1  1  1  1  1  1 

lL  J 

— 

80-9* 
_a5-89 
50-8'* 
75-79 
70-7  + 
65^69 
60-64 
55-59 

— 

1 

.J 

■1 

i 

m 

^^w 

^m 

S 

i 

JM 

i 

S 

1 

1 

1 

s 

i 

r 

- 

50-   5-^ 

4S-   '*9 
'to-  4'* 
3  5      39 
30-3  + 

£0-24- 

^ 

^ 

— 

i 

— 

— 

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Si 

a 

i 

^ 

1 

1 

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1 . 

a 

— = 

B 

^ 

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13-19 

1 

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1 



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, 

1 



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1 

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1 — 1 

— 

JULIUS  BtENaCO  LlTH.f 


PLATE  No. 123 


1  i)i;.\Tii  n.\TKs  i-noM  diseases  ofthe  he spirxtohy system  in  each  month 
Fc)Hcrrii;s.\.\i)  KiHAEnisTnicTsoKTin-:  I{I-:c.istij.\ti(\n' states:  moo 


RURAL 


2. COMPARATIVE  1>R()T'<  )irn()N  OF  DEATHS  FROM  BR.OXCinTIS.  AND  HEART  DISEASE 
AND  DROPSY  AT  EACH  AOE  IX  THE  REGISTRATION  AllE^V:  I'ctUU  AND  1890 


BRONCHITIS 


Age 

1900 

1890 

380     340     300     260     220     ISO      1*^0      100      60       20 

20       60       100       140      ISO     220     260    300     340     360 

95  + 

90-9'4 

S5-69 

eo-a-* 

75-79 



— 

-4 
- 

— 

— 

— 

^ 

— 

— 

= 

^ 

i 

^ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

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— 





65-69 

60-64 
55-59 
50  -34. 

— 

= 

— 

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— 

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■- 

■- 

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— 

— 1 

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1 







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30-34- 

25-29 

20-S4- 

l5-t9 

lo-r* 

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3-4 

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HKART  DISKASK  AND  DROPSY 


A^e 

1900 

1890 

108       96        84         72         60        48        36        24         12 

IB         24         36         48        60         7!        84        96        106 

95  + 

1 

1 

1 

■  III         :     '     i         ;     ,     I     1 

1 

90-9* 
85-89 
80-81 
75-79 
70-74- 
65-69 
60-64 
55-59 
50  -34 

5 

bd 

i 

~ 

B 

- 

1 

1 

B 

B 

^^^^=^ 

L 

1 

E 

c 

- 

40-44 
35-39 
30-34 
25-29 
20-24 
15-19 
10-14 
5-9 
4-5 



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JULIUS  BIENiCO  LITMN.Y. 


PLATE  No, 


1.  DEATH  R.\TES  FROM  DISEASES  OFTHE  DIOKSTI\T.  SYSTEM  IN  EACH  MONTH 
FOR  CITIESAND  RITRAI^  DISTRICTS  OF  THE  REGISTRATION  STATES  :  I900 


CITIES 


RURAL 


2.COMPARiVriVE  PP.OPOHTrON  OF  DEATHS  FROM  DISEASES  OF  THE  LIVER  AND  DISEASES  OF  THE 
BONES.JiND  JOINTS  AT  EACH  AGE  IN  THE  I^K(^iISTRATlON  .\REA:  lilOO  ,\ND  1890 


mSEASES  OFTHE  LIVRR 


Age 

1900 

1890 

106        36          B<-          7?           60          *8          36          2  •?           12 

If        ^■^       36       -f-a        60        ^^       84-       96        i08 

95  + 

1      1 

90-S4. 

^         1       L-J. 

• 

•^ 

35-89 

ao-e* 

75-79 
70  -74- 

65-69 
60-64 

55-59 
50-5-4 

— 

3 

1 

i 

■ 

1     ! 

MBaa^ 

m 

1 

1 

i 

frFjd 

■i 

I 

— 

— 

40-4^ 
35-39 

30-34 

20-54 
15-19 
lO  -14 

~ 

— 

1^ 

—  ■ 

-   .  ^y^ 

! 

s 

^ 

- 
— 

^ 

~ 

— 

- 

^ 

— 

5-9 

mmm 

4   -   B 

m 

1 ,      „ 

3  —  4 

■ 

■  ,-  ,     .   .^-^.  -.    ^  ^  _.   ._^  : 

2-3 

1    1    1 

i 

t  —  3 
0—    1 

— 

1 

jI 

U4— 

- 

niSF^SKS  OFTHE  BONES  AND  JOINTS 


Age 

1900 

1890 

126        112       98       64         70        56        42        28          14 

14        28        42         56        70       64        96         112        126 

95  + 

_4 

1        !       1 

i         ' 

90-94 

1       1       I 

1 

65-89 
80-84 
75-79 
70-7* 
85-69 
60-64 
S5-_59    , 
50-  54 
45-  49 

40-44- 

35- jj 
30-34 
^5-23 

ao-^* 

IS-  19 

5  '    ? 

4    -       L.- 

^3-4 

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1  -  .:■ 
—0-  ; 

^ 

t:: 

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zz 

— 

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r-"i 

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km 

7Z 

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tm 

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1 

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s 

^1 

2 

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— 

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= 

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S 

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^^ 

JULIUS  Hits  a, CO  I 


PLATE  No,  125 


l.DEATH  RATES  FROM  ACCIDKNTSANU  INJUHIESiEXCLUDING  SU1CIDES)AND  SUICIDES 

IN  P:A('H  month  FORCITIES/V\n  Hin^I.  niSTfilCTS  OF  THE 

KROI  STRATION  STATHS  :  lUOO 


ACciDKN'i's AND  iNJiHiK sjKxri.miNc;  SL'IClDr:S) 
CITIES  RURAL 


SLTICmF.S 


RURAL 


2.(M)MPARATIVE  PROPORTION  OF  DEATHS  FROM  SUICIDES  AT  SPECIFIED  AGES 
IN  THE  REGISTRATION  .\REA:  1900  AND  1890 


Age 

1900 

1890 

108       96        a*         72         60        48         36        24         IZ 

12         24        36         48        60         72        84        96        108 

95  + 

1   1   1  1  •   1  1 

-— 

— 

90-9-4 

1 

1 

as-Q9 

^ 

■ 

80-64 
75-79 
70  -7  + 
65-69 
60-64 
55-59 
50  -54 

— 



■ — 

— 

^ 

1 

i 

1 

i 

i 

u 

iii( 

II 

^■^J^ 

— 

^ 

45-49 

40-44 
35-39 
30-34 
25-J9 

zo-e* 

15-19 
-14 

m 

1 

1 

1 

1 

■ 

1 

1 

i 

! 

1 

s 

■ 

s 

■ 

m 

1 

1 

1     1     i     !' 

i 

— 1 

m 

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1 1 



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1 — 1 

1  1  '  '  1 

JULIUS  aiCN&CO  LlTH.  N.Y. 


AGRICULTURE. 


(67) 


AoPvim/rriiP]. 


Till'  iiimihiT  ol'  persons  |n  years  of  au'i' and  (i\  it  in 
tile  Initcd  Stiites  enj^ae-ed  in  i^'ainfid  oecu))atioiis.  as 
.shown  l»y  the  Twelfth  Coiisiis,  was  li'.'.^ST.nTC,  and  of 
this  niuiilier  10,438,219,  or  85.0  ]n-v  eenl.  were  follow  - 
iiifi'  auiicultural  ])ursuits;  24.:!  })('r  cent  were  (Miiployed 
in  manufai-turiny'  and  niechanical  i)iirsuits:  I'.t..")  ])er  eiMit 
in  donu'stie  and  personal  ser\  ice:  ir,.;;  percent  in  trade 
iind  trans]joitation:  anri  4.8  per  cent  in  professional 
service.  I'he  capital  invested  in  aeiiculture  for  conti- 
nental United  States,  as  reported  at  the  Twelfth Cen.sus. 
was  $20.48!l.!t01.1(U,  and  in  manufactures.  $'.»,,S?>1.48t),- 
50().  Judged,  therefore,  hy  the  imnd)er  of  persons 
employed  and  the  capital  invested,  agriculture  was  still 
the  most  ini])ortant  branch  of  industry,  althouyh  in  the 
value  of  pi'oducts  it  was  second  to  manufactui'es. 

Centkrs  of  AaRicrrr.TURK. 

Plate  12tl  is  a  map  .showing  the  location  of  thi'  cen- 
ter of  population  from  1790  to  l!Ml(t.  and  the  ccnter.s  of 
the  number  of  farms,  farm  values,  total  area  in  farms, 
agricultural  products,  and  manufactures,  from  1850  to 
1900,  and  may  be  designated  as  the  chart  of  the  prog- 
ress of  the  nation,  representing,  as  it  does,  the  west- 
ward movement  of  po))ulation,  agriculture,  and  manu- 
factures. The  method  of  computing  the  center  of  the 
nundn'r  of  farms  was  practically  the  same  as  that  used 
in  determining  the  center  of  j)opulation.  described  on 
page  ;;7.  The  number  of  farms  in  a  given  census  \ear 
was  first  distributed  by  "squai'e  degrees,'"  as  the  areas 
included  between  consecutive  meridians  and  psirallels 
have  been  designated.  The  farms  in  each  square  degree 
were  assumed  to  be  located  at  its  center,  except  in  cases 
where  this  assumption  was  manifestly  untrue,  as,  for 
in.stance.  wher(>  a  part  of  a  sijuare  degri>e  was  occupied 
])y  a  large  body  of  water,  a  desert,  or  a  mountain 
I'ange.  In  these  cases  the  ))osition  of  the  center  of  the 
number  of  farms  was  estimated  as  nearly  as  po.ssible. 
The  numlier  of  farms  in  each  scpiare  degree  was  then 
uudtiplied  by  the  shortest  distance  of  its  center  from 
the  assumed  parallel  of  latitude,  chosen  for  convenience 
near  the  latitude  of  the  center  to  b(>  determined  (in  this 
calculation  40-  north),  and  tlu'  sums  of  the  products  or 
moments  north  and  south  of  that  parallel  were  obtained. 
Tludr  difference,  divided  bv  the  total  luunber  of  farms 


ill  the  countiT,  gave,  as  a  distance  from  the  a.ssumed 
parallel,  the  latitud(>  of  the  centei'  of  the  inimber  of 
faiiiis.  In  a  similar  manner  the  (^ast  and  W(>st  moments 
were  obtained  by  the  ii>e  of  an  assumed  meridian  (90° 
west  of  (ireenwiih  in  this  compulation),  and  from  them 
the  longitude  of  the  center  was  calculated.  'I'he  loca- 
tions of  the  othei-  centers  shown  on  this  map  were 
obtained  by  a  similar  pi'ocess. 

The  center  of  the  number  of  farms  in  bSoO  was 
located  on  the  Ohio  ri\'er,  between  Ohio  and  the  present 
state  of  West  Virginia,  at  identically  the  same  p(jint  as 
the  center  of  corn  production.  From  this  position  the 
center  of  the  niunber  of  farms  moved  1  lo  miles  in  a 
northwestei'ly  direction,  and  in  l.stio  reached  a  point  15 
miles  southeast  of  Xenia,  Ohio.  From  l.Stio  to  ISTo  the 
center  advanced  30  miles  almost  directly  south  to  a  posi- 
tion in  Bi'own  county,  31  miles  northeast  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  l'"rom  l8To  to  188(J  the  distance  covered  was  35 
miles  in  a  .southwesterly  direction  across  the  Ohio  river 
into  Kentucky  to  a  point  south  of  Newport.  From  1S80 
to  1890  its  ])i-ogress  of  loo  miles  was  nearly  tlue  west 
into  Indiana.  From  18!to  to  1900  it  moved  in  a  .south- 
westerly direction  120  miles  to  a  ])oint  neai-  Faii'tield. 
U  ayne  county.  Illinois. 

The  center  of  the  value  of  farm  property,  which  in 
1850  was  located  north  of  C,'larksbui'g,in  the  present  state 
of  West  Virginia,  in  18t)0  had  ad\'anced  .south  and  west 
to  a  point  northwestof  Portsmouth,  Ohio.  From  18(50  to 
1870  its  movement  was  northwest  to  a  position  a  few 
miles  northwest  of  Urbana.  Ohio.  From  1 870  to  1900  it 
moved  west  in  a  straight  line  across  Indiana  and  Illinois 
to  a  point  about  10  miles  north  of  Jack.sonville,  lilinois. 
Its  greatest  westward  mo\-ement,  and  the  greatest  ad- 
vance made  for  any  decade,  approximately  180  miles, 
was  from  1880  to  1890. 

The  center  of  the  number  of  acres  of  farm  land,  or 
total  area  in  farms,  in  1850  was  located  in  Breathitt 
county.  Kentucky,  the  farthest  south  of  any  center 
shown  on  the  map.  From  1850  to  1870  it  moved  to  a 
point  about  50  miles  west  of  Louisxille.  From  ls7o  to 
1880  it  advanced  in  a  westerly  dii'ection  to  a  position  20 
miles  northwest  of  Evansville,  Indiana.  From  1880  to 
1890  it  mo\ed  northwest  to  a  point  near  Alton,  Illinois. 
its  next  mo\ement  being  southwest  to  a  location  about 
48  miles  southwest  of  Jefferson  Oity.  Missouri. 

(69) 


70 


STA'inS'riCAL  ATLAS. 


The  other  afj'i'ifiill iiriil  (■(■iit(M's  have  iiuixi'd  in  \ari(ius 
erratic  courses,  but  always  in  a  general  westerly  direc- 
tion, except  the  center  of  oats  production,  which  from 
1850  to  ISOO  moved  north  and  east.  From  isdd  to  is'.iii 
the  center  of  oats  production  iiio\ed  almost  due  west 
along-  the  fortv-tirst  parallel  of  latitude.  From  is'.to  to 
190O  its  course  was  northwest  to  a  point  near  Muscatine. 
Iowa.  Its  greatest  movement  was  from  ISCiOto  IsTo. 
approximately  245  miles. 

The  center  of  corn  produ<'tion  has  moved  in  a  west- 
erly direction,  but  more  rapidly  than  the  center  of  pop- 
idation,  as  from  1S5U  to  isCiO  it  moved  south  of  west 
nearly  ii75  miles,  the  distance  tra\i'rsed  being  greater 
than  the  entire  western  movement  of  the  centt'r  of  i)op- 
ulat ion  from  1850  to  liXiU.  Its  mosement  from  Isdo  to 
1870  and  from  1870  to  1880  was  almost  directly  north- 
west. From  1880  to  1890  it  advanced  south  of  west  to 
a  point  about  HO  miles  directly  south  of  Jacksonville, 
Illinois.  The  movement  from  I8!t0  to  1900  was  so  slight 
that  it  could  hardly  be  indicated  on  the  inaj).  being- 
only  17"  west  an9  2'  SB"  north. 

The  centei-  of  wheat  pi-oduction  has  made  a  greater 
western  and  northern  movement  than  any  other  center, 
as  will  be  noted  from  its  location  in  1900.  Its  greatest 
southern  advance  was  made  from  1880  t(>  1890.  and  its 
greatest  northern  movement  from  1890  to  190(». 

The  movements  of  the  centers  of  the  number  of 
farms,  \alue  of  farm  property,  area  in  farms,  and  of 
oats.  corn,  and  wheat  production,  as  indicated  on  the 
map.  are  widely  divei-gent. 

Area. 

The  land  area  of  the  United  States  in  19(i(i.  exclusi\ c 
of  Alaska  and  the  insular  possessions,  was  1.900,947.200 
acres,  and  the  total  area  in  farms  838,591,774  acres,  or 
44.1  percent.  Farm  land  is  divided  into  two  classes — 
improved,  or  cultivated,  and  unimproved.  The  im- 
proved land  (-om])rised,  in  1900,  21.8  per  cent  of  the 
total  land  area. 

Plate  127  shows,  by  the  area  of  the  circles  and  the 
size  of  their  sectors,  the  proportion  of  land  in  fainis 
to  the  total  land  area,  exclusive  of  Alaska  and  the  insu- 
lar possessions,  at  each  census  from  1850  to  19oo.  also 
the  proportion  of  farm  ai-ea  that  was  improved.  The 
steady  growth  of  the  total  farm  area,  which  has  in- 
creased 185. t>  jjercent  since  1850,  is  readily  measui-ed.  as 
well  as  the  i)roportional  increase  of  the  cultivated  area. 
It  will  l>e  noted  that  in  1900  the  farm  area  was  less  than 
one-half  of  the  total  land  area. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  128,  also  shows  the  total  land  area 
at  each  (-(>nsus  from  1850  to  1900,  by  the  length  of  the 
bars,  the  shaded  portion  representing  the  areaculti\-ated. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  i:;i.  shows  the  total  iiund)i'i-  of  im 
])rove(l  and    iinimpro\-e<i   acres  in  fai-ms,  by  states  and 
territories,  in   1900.  thi'  total  length  of  the  bars  repre- 
senting the  total  muuber  of  acres  in  farms,  the  shaded 


and  unsliaded  portions  indicating  respectively  the  im- 
proved and  unimproved  acres.  Texas  had  the  largest 
numl)er  of  unimiiroved  acres  in  farms,  and  Iowa  the^ 
greatest  number  of  improved  acres. 

The  map.  Plate  i:-!2.  shows,  in  six  shades  of  color, 
the  proportion  of  improved  land  to  total  land  area  in 
1900.  prepared  by  computing  the  percentage  of  im- 
proved liind  to  total  land  area  for  each  county,  and 
dividing  the  counties  into  six  groups,  as  described  on 
the  left  side  of  the  n)ap.  Each  county  was  then 
shaded  according  to  the  group  in  which  it  fell.  This 
map  is  of  great  interest,  as  it  indicates  the  proportion  of 
land  under  cultivation  in  each  county,  the  heaviest  shade 
marking  those  counties  where  75  per  cent  or  more  of 
the  total  land  area  was  improved  andMhere  agriculture 
was,  therefore,  the  most  important  occupation.  Nearly 
the  entire  state  of  Iowa  is  covered  by  the  lieaviest  shade, 
showing  the  prominence  of  agricultural  pursuits  and 
the  great  fertility  of  its  .soil.  Illinois.  Indiana,  and 
Ohio  are  also  well  covered  by  the  heaviest  shade,  indi- 
cating that  a  large  proportion  of  their  area  was  under 
(ultivation.  while  eastern  Nel)raska  and  Kansas  have  a 
mmiber  of  counties  in  which  three-fourths  of  the  land 
was  improved. 

Cartogram  G.  Plate  138.  also  shows  the  proportion  of 
improved  land  to  total  land  area  in  1900,  compiled  bv 
using  the  state  as  the  unit. 

Diagram  ?>.  Plate  130,  represents  the  total  number  of 
farms  at  each  census  from  1850  to  1900.  In  1850  there 
were  1,449,073  farms,  and  in  1900,  including  Alaska 
and  Hawaii.  5.739,t)57,  an  increase  of  296.1  per  cent  in 
rifty  years.  Diagram  2,  Plate  130,  represents  graphic- 
ally, by  the  length  of  the  bars,  the  average  size  of  farms 
at  each  census  from  1850  to  1900,  and  shows  a  decrease 
from  1850  to  1880,  and  a  slight  increase  at  the  last  two- 
censuses.  Diagram  1  on  the  same  plate  shows  the 
average  size  of  farms  in  each  state  and  territory  in  1900, 
the  tremendous  size  of  the  farms  in  Wyoming,  Nevada, 
Hawaii,  and  Montana,  as  compared  with  the  North  At- 
lantic states.  IxMng  etl'ectively  presented.  Wyoming- 
leads  with  an  average  of  1,333  acres  per  farm,  Nevada 
and  Hawaii  following-  with  1,176  and  1.148  acres  respec- 
tively. Montana  is  fourth,  with  an  average  of  S8(j  iu-res 
per  farm.  The  largest  farms  are  gi'nerally  found  where 
the  grazing  of  stock  is  the  principal  occupation  of  the 
fai-mers.  except  in  eastern  North  Dakota,  where  a  num- 
ber of  large  wheat  farms  still  exist,  and  increase^  the 
average  size  of  farms  in  that  state. 

The  average  size  of  farms  at  the  Twelfth  Census  i> 
shown  in  greater  detail  by  the  map,  Plate  12!*.  which 
was  made  by  computing  the  average  size  of  farms  for 
each  county,  and  di\iding  the  counties  into  live  groups, 
giving  to  each  group  a  diiferent  shad(\  the  lightest 
shade  indicating  the  regions  in  whii-h  the  farms  were 
snr.illest  in  ai'ea.  the  land  richest  and  most  valualtle. 
and  farming  most  intensitied.     A    few  counties  where 


AciMcri/ri'iM:. 


71 


tlie  average  size  of  t'uriiis  wa^;  small  will  lie  notcil  in  a 
few  <if  the  Western  slates,  where  irriLialioii  was  cntiii'lv 
depended  upon  foi-  raising'  erojjs. 

Cartograin  4.  on  J'late  138,  shows,  in  four  shades  of 
eolor,  the  avei'age  size  of  farms  in  19()().  the  state  heiiig 
taUen  as  the  unit.  'I'he  lai'gest  farms  are  found  in  the 
W(!st  and  tlie  .smallest  in  the  East. 

Plate  141  is  mad(>  up  of  a  series  of  diagrams  showing 
the  proportion  of  the  iiumi)er  of  farms  of  specified 
areas  in  I'.«iO.  elassitied  by  tenure,  race  of  oeeupants, 
prin<'ipal  ei'ops.  and  amount  of  inrome. 

Valuks. 

The  value  of  farm  land  and  improvements,  including 
buildings,  which  in  IsrtO  was  §;>. 271.. ")?.">. 4:iti.  had  in- 
creased in  1900  to II t),674, 690,247.  During  this  period 
the  value  of  implements  and  macliinerv  had  increas(>d 
from  il.')l,r>s7,03S  to  §761,2til,.")50,  and  the  value  of 
live  stock  on  farms  from  $544,180,516  to  $3,078,050,041. 

Diagrams  2.  ;>,  and  4,  Plate  12S.  show  graphically, 
by  the  length  of  the  bars,  the  value  and  the  increase  in 
value  of  these  three  classes  of  farm  property  from  1850 
to  1900.  Diagram  5  represents  the  average  value  per 
farm  of  all  fai-m  property  at  each  census  from  1S5(>  to 
1900,  and  diagram  0  the  average  value  per  farm  of 
farm  land  with  inij)rovements,  including  buildings. 
These  two  diagrams  show  a  great  increase  in  average 
farm  values  from  185(»  to  18t)0,  a  decrease  from  1860  to 
1880,  followed  l)y  an  increase  from  1880  to  1900.  It 
will  be  noted  that  tlie  greatest  a\  erage  vtdue  per  farm 
was  reported  for  1860. 

The  five  small  maps,  or  cai'tograms,  on  Plate  13H  show 
the  percentage  of  increase  and  the  decrease  in  tlu'  value 
of  farm  land  with  improvements,  for  each  census  from 
1850  to  1900.  In  preparing  these  cartogranis  the  per- 
centage of  increase  was  computetl  for  the  entii'e  state. 
The  states  showing  increases  were  gi'ouped  according 
to  the  legend,  each  group  being  given  a  ditierent  shade 
of  green,  and  the  states  showiny  decreases  were  colored 
blue,  the  absence  of  color  indicating  no  report.  From 
1850  to  1860  increases  in  farm  values  arc  indicated 
in  every  state  for  which  reports  were  made,  being 
greatest  in  the  South  and  West.  From  1860  to  187o  tiie 
Western.  North  Central,  and  Pacific  states  reported 
large  increases,  while  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  the  South  Atlantic  and  South  Central 
states,  and  New^  ^Mexico  show  decreases.  From  1870 
to  1880  increases  were  indicated  for  all  of  the  states 
except  Vermont,  New  Jersey,  and  Delaware,  although 
the  increase  in  several  of  the  Southern  states  was  small. 
From  1880  to  1890  the  North  Atlantic  states  and  Oiiio 
decreased,  while  in  the  Southern  and  Western  states  the 
value  of  farm  land  with  improvements  increased,  tho.se 
stiites  west  of  the  Mississippi  river  showing  increases 
of  50  per  cent  or  over.  From  1890  to  1900,  Maine, 
New  York,  Pennsylvania.  Delaware,  Ohio.  an<l  Florida 


siiow  decreases,  while   in   all   of   tile  other  states  the 
ly    '    value  of  farm  land  with  improxcments  increased.  North 
Dakota.  S(juth  Dakota.  Montana,  Idaho.  Oklahoma,  and 
New  Mexico  showing  increases  of  over  100  per  cent. 

1  Diagram  2.  Plate  13t;.  represents  the  total  value  of 
faiin    land   with    improvements.    li\e   stock,   and  farm 

'   ini])linirnls  in  I'.tOd,  by  states  and  territories,  the  bars 

1  being  shaded  to  show  separately  the  values  of  each  of 
these  three  (da.s.ses  t)f  property.      Illinois  leads  with  a 

1  total  valuation  of  $2,004,316,897.  Iowa  being  second 
with  a  valuation  of  $1,834,345,546.  the  other  states  and 
territories  following  in  order.  Rhode  Island,  with  a 
total  \aluatioii  of  §26,989,189,  is  the  last  state  shown 

,   on  the  diagram. 

Cartogram  2,  Plate  13.s,  shows  the  \alue  per  acre  of 

j   farm    land   with   improvements  in   190i>,  and   indicates 

'  that  the  most  valuable  farm  lands  were  in  the  New  Eng- 
land and  North  Central  states,  while  the  farms  with  the 
lowest  valuation  per  acre  were  found  principally  in  the 
South  and  A\'est. 

Cartogram  3,  Plate  138,  shows,  in  four  shades  of  color, 
the  j)roportion  of  gross  farm  income  to  tota,!  value  of 
farm  propeity  in  19tlO.  The  heaviest  shade,  indicating 
the  greatest  proportion,  more  than  3(i  per  cent,  is  found 
in  Maine.  \'ermont.and  in  the  strifes  south  of  the  thirty- 
se\enth  pai'alhd  and  east  of  Oklahoma  and  Texas. 

Plate  i:H  shows,  by  counties,  the  \alue  of  farm  prod- 
ucts per  acre  of  improved  land  at  the  Twelfth  Census, 
the  highest  valuations  being  found  in  those  counties  in 
which  farming  was  most  intensilied  aiul  the  crops  rai.sed 
the  most  valuable,  as  in  the  areas  devoted  to  market 
gardening,  contiguous  to  large  cities,  and  in  Florida, 
California,  Arizona,  and  New  Mexico,  where  fruit 
growing  was  an  important  industr}-.  The  low  values 
are  found  in  the  grain-producing  states,  where  the 
farms  w-ere  large  and  the  value  of  the  crop  per  a<-re 
small. 

Cartogram  1.  Plat^'  138,  represents  at  the  Twelfth 
Census  the  value  per  acre  of  farm  products  not  fed  to 
live  stock,  the  .state  being  taken  as  the  unit,  and  shows 
that  in  those  states  in  which  farming  was  most  intensi- 
fied crops  were  of  the  greatest  value  per  acre. 

The  map.  Plate  135,  represents,  in  six  group».  by 
shades  of  color,  the  value  of  farm  jjroducts  not  fed  to 
live  .stock,  per  sijuare  mile  of  land  area  at  the  Twelfth 
Census.  Instead  of  ascertiiining  the  value  of  products 
in  relation  to  improved  land,  as  in  Plate  134.  com- 
putations were  made  to  show  the  value  of  farm  prod- 

'  nets  not  fed  to  live  stock  for  each  .square  mile  of  land 
area  in  every  county.  The  total  value  per  square  mile 
was  very  large  for  the  counties  in  which  practically 
all  of  the  land  was  brought  under  cultivation,  as  in  many 
counties  of  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois.  Wisconsin,  and  Iowa, 
also  for  counties  containing  large  cities  in  which  the 
land  was  principally  used  for  market  gardening.  Low- 
values  are  shown  principally  in  the  West  and  South- 


72 


STATLSTICAJ.  Al'LAS. 


west,  whore  l)ut  ii  >niall  ])n)])(irti<iii  nf  tlic  tuiiil  urea  was 
under  eultiviition. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  IHT,  sIkiws,  ]>\  the  length  of  the 
bars,  the  average  vahie  of  total  farm  produets  per  farm 
iu  1S99  for  each  state  and  territory,  except  Hawaii. 
The  District  of  Columbia  leads,  as  piactically  theentii'e 
area  outside  of  the  city  was  given  o\ei-  to  market  gar- 
dening, and  the  valines  were  consiMinently  \  cry  high. 
In  Nevada,  which  stands  second,  the  liigh  average  was 
due  to  the  great  value  of  products  of  the  irrigated  land 
and  the  large  siz(>  of  the  farms.  In  Montana.  Wyo- 
ming, and  California,  which  follow  closely  after  Nevada. 
the  high  averages  were  due.  in  a  uieasure,  to  the  same 
causes.  Iowa,  the  next  state  in  order,  had  the  highest 
average  of  the  humid  states. 

Diagram  •_'.  Plate  137,  reprcNsents.  at  the  Twelfth 
Census,  by  the  length  of  the  l)ars.  the  avei'age  value 
per  acre  of  net  farm  products  not  fed  to  li\'e  stock. 
New  Jerse}'  leads,  with  Rhode  Island.  Massachusetts, 
and  Connecticut  following  in  ordei-.  the  high  averages 
in  these  states  being  due  to  the  large  urban  population 
and  to  the  fact  that  market  gardening  near  the  large 
cities  returns  high  values  per  acre  for  the  crops  raised. 

The  length  of  the  bars  in  diagram  1.  Plate  13t).  shows 
the  total  value  of  all  farm  pioducts  in  1899.  by  states 
and  territories.  Iowa  leads,  with  Illinois  second,  and 
Ohio  third,  Rhode  Island,  the  smallest  state,  having  the 
lowest  value  of  farm  products  shown  for  any  state. 

Fakms  of  White  am>  Coloiied  Fak.meus. 

Diagram  •_'.  Plate  131.  represents,  by  the  length  of 
the  bars,  the  mmiber  of  acres  in  farms,  by  states  an<l 
tei'ritories,  in  1900.  The  })lack  portion  of  the  bar  indi- 
cates the  holdings  of  colored  farmers,  the  unshaded 
portion  representing  those  of  white  farmers.  Th(> 
small  acreage  held  by  colored  farmers  as  compared  with 
the  white,  even  in  the  Southern  states,  is  very  effect- 
ively shf)wn.  Mississippi.  Georgia.  Alabama.  Texas. 
South  Carolina,  and  North  Carolina  were  the  only  states 
in  which  a  fail'  proportion  of  the  farm  aci-eage  was  in 
the  possession  of  colored  farmers. 

The  average  value  of  all  farm  ])roperty  per  farm  foi- 
white  and  colored  farmers  in  I'.too  is  represiMifed  by  the 
length  of  the  black  and  the  white  bars  in  diagram  1, 
Plate  139.  The  most  stiiking  feature  of  this  diagram 
is  the  length  of  the  black  bai-  for  Vermont,  the  avei'age 
value  of  farm  pi'operty  per  farm  of  colored  farmers 
in  that  state  being  more  than  double  that  of  white 
farmers,  due  to  flic  small  numlicr  of  colored  farmers, 
there  being  but  eight,  and  to  tlie  relatively  great  value 
of  their  holdings.  In  cxcry  other  state  and  t(U'ritory 
the  average  value  of  farm  property  per  farm  for 
white  farmers  exceeded  that  for  the  colored.  The  dia- 
gram also  brings  out  the  high  average  \aluc  of  all 
farm  property  per  farm  of  white  fanners  in  Nevada. 
Wyoming,  California,  and  Montana,  dm'  to  th(^  large 
farms  and  ranches  in  these  states. 


Diagram  1:1.  Plate  13'.t.  represents  tlu^  average  value 
of  all  farm  property  per  acre  in  farms,  for  white 
and  coloi'cil  farmer^  in  I'.ioo.  It  will  be  noted  that 
ill  twenty-one  of  the  states  and  territories  shown  in 
the  diagram,  the  average  value  of  farm  property  per 
acre  of  colored  farmers  exceeded  that  of  white,  the 
ditlerence  being  especially  noticeable  in  Pennsylvania, 
California.  Vermont.  Arizona,  and  Montana.  The  hold- 
ings of  colored  farmers  in  these  states,  though  very  small 
both  in  mimlier  and  in  area,  included  but  a  small  propor- 
tion of  unimproved  land,  and  were,  therefore,  much 
abo\i'  the  average  in  Aaluc. 

Tkmke. 

The  farm  holdings  of  the  rnited  States  are  generally 
divided  into  three  classes:  First,  owned  tiy  the  occu- 
pant: second,  rented  for  a  tixtnl  money  rental:  and 
third,  renterl  for  a  share  of  the  crop.  In  the  classifica- 
tion of  farms  liy  tenure  at  the  Twelfth  C'ensus  they 
were  divided  into  six  groups — owners,  part  owners, 
owners  and  tenants,  managers,  cash  tenants,  and  share 
tenants. 

Plate  UO  shows,  by  states  and  territories,  for  1890  and 
1900.  the  proportion  of  farms  in  each  of  the  three  classes 
of  tenure  toall  farms.  The  first  two  cartograms  repre- 
sent, in  four  shades  of  color,  the  ]n'oportion  of  farms 
owned  to  all  farms.  The  heaviest  shade,  showing  the 
greatest  proportion  of  farms  owned — 'M)  per  cent  and 
over  —is  found  princi))ally  in  the  Western  division. 
The  lightest  shade,  showing  the  smallest  proportion — 
less  than  .">o  per  cent — will  be  noted  in  the  South.  A 
comparison  of  the  two  cartograms  shows  but  slight 
changes  from  1S90  to  1900.  The  proportion  of  farms 
rented  for  cash  to  all  farms,  for  1890  and  1900.  is  repre- 
sented by  the  second  pair  of  cartograms.  The  southern 
South  Atlantic  states  also  Mississippi  and  Alal)ama  show 
the  largest  proportion  of  farms  rented  for  cash  in  1S90 
and  190<>.  An  increase  will  be  noted  in  Georgia  and 
the  Pacific  states.  The  third  pair  of  cartograms  shows 
the  pi'o))ortion  of  farms  rented  on  shares  to  all  farms 
for  1890  and  1900.  The  largest  percentage  of  farms 
rented  on  shares  will  be  found  in  the  southern  South  At- 
lantic and  South  Central  (li\isioiis:  an  increase  from 
1890  to  l900in  the  projiortion  of  farms  ri'iited  on  shares 
will  be  noted  in  a  few  states  of  these  and  the  Western 
di\ision. 

I'late  142  represents,  by  states  and  Icrritories,  at  the 
Twelfth  Census,  the  classification  of  the  number  f>f 
farms  by  three  classes  of  tenure — owners,  cash  tenants, 
and  share  tenants.  The  states  ai'e  arranged  in  the  order 
of  the  proiiortion  of  the  number  of  farms  owned  to  all 
farms.  Maine  leading  with  95.3  per  c(Mit.  New  Hamp- 
shire. ^Vvoming.  Arizona.  North  Dakota.  I'tah.  Idaho, 
New  Mexico.  Massachusetts,  and  Montana  following, 
with  o\'er  90  ])(M'  cent  each.  Indian  Territory,  with  the 
lowest  perc(>ntage  of  owners  (I'.'i.  I ),  had  tln^  highest  per- 
centage of  shar("  tenants,     '{'he    l)isti'i<'t  of  Columbia 


AriKirrL'iTiJE. 


73 


uppciirs  willi  I  lie  li)\scst  i)ci-f('iit!i<>-c  of  sli:ii-c  iciuints, 
iuul  the  liii;li('>l  pcrcciitii^c  <>!'  <"isii  tciiaiits.  Alalmiiiu 
and  Soiitli  Carolina  also  show  a  hiuli  pci-fcntau'c  of  cash 
tonants,  wiiilc  North  l)akota  ic|)oili'il  the  lo\v(>st  \h>v 
(•(Mita<^(',  less  than  "i  pci-  cent. 

'I'ix' ciassilication  of  farm  aira  in  l'.tuo|i\  I  hrrc  classes 
of  tenure  is  represented  in  a  similar  manner  on  Plate 
141!.  Arizona  shows  the  largest  jxTcentaec  of  farm 
area  owned  rtnd  the  smallest  icnted.  while  Delaware  has 
the  largest  percentage  lenled  and  I  hi'  smallest  owned. 
The  District  of  Colmnhia.  practically  a  city,  shows, 
therefore,  the  lareest  [jrojiortion  of  farm  area  rented 
l)y  cash  tenants.  Indian  Territoi-y  and  1  )elaware  alone 
re))orted  les-  than  .^ll  jier  <'ent  of  their  farm  area  as 
owned. 

Plate  144  represents  the  pereentag'es  of  thi'  nnmlier 
of  farms  of  specified  lemires  in  litOO.  classitied  liy  area, 
source  of  income,  amount  of  income,  and  race  of  farmei-. 
The  first  diagram,  classilicalion  by  area,  shows  that  the 
laro'est  pro])ortion  of  farms  less  than  '■',  acres,  tis.it  per 
cent,  was  owned.  Of  the  farms  containing  from  [(•  to 
20  acres  o5.!l  per  cent  were  renteil.  and  of  those  con- 
taining from  2<)  to  50  acres  .")(i.li  jjcr  cent  were  rented, 
the  proportion  of  share  tenants  in  these  two  classes 
being  very  large.  The  largest  i)(>rcentages  of  part 
owners  and  manager.s  were  reported  for  farms  of  I.ikmi 
acres  and  over.  The  second  diagram,  classification  hy 
.source  of  income,  in  twehe  groups,  shows  llial  a  large 
])roi)ortion  of  farms  on  which  cotton  was  raised  was 
rented,  while  the  gi'eater  proportion  of  farms  raising 
flowers  and  i)lants.  nursery  products,  and  fruit  was 
owned,  a  very  small  prop(U-lion  heing  in  the  hands  of 
tenants.  In  each  of  the  reuiaiinng  grouj)s  more  than 
nO  per  cent  of  the  farms  wei'c  owned.  tot)a<'co  and  v'wo 
showing  the  largest  proportion  of  tenants,  over  4.j  per 
cent.  The  tiiird  diagram,  classitication  hy  amount  of 
income,  shows  that  the  pro])ortion  of  tenants  was  larg- 
est whei'<>  the  income  was  small,  and  the  ])i-oportion  of 
managcM's  and  owners  largest  where  th(>  income  was 
great.  In  the  fourth  diagram,  classitication  hy  v.u-o  of 
farmer,  it  will  l)e  ntited  that  less  than  lu  ])er  cent  of 
.lapant'se  farmers  owned  their  farms,  and  that  S.").l  ])er 
cent  of  the  renters  were  cash  tenants.  Less  than  10 
per  cent  of  the  Chinese,  also,  were  owners,  T.s.o  per 
cent  of  the  remainder  being  <'ash  tenants.  Only  li.o.d 
per  cent  of  negro  faiiners  were  owners,  and  of  the 
75  per  cent  remaining  nearly  one-half  were  cash  ten- 
ants. The  Indians  show  by  far  the  highest  percentage 
of  owners,  ',t8. 1  per  cent. 

Plate  145  shows  the  percentages  of  the  nuud)er  of 
farms  of  specified  incomes,  classified  by  prin<-ipal 
.sourctvs  of  income  in  fourteen  groups,  by  race  of  farmer 
in  si.\  groups,  by  tenure  in  six  grouj)s,  and  by  area  in 
ten  grouj)s.  and  lepresents.  Iiy  the  ditl'ei'cnt  ct>k)rs.  the 
proportion  of  farms  iu  each  group  for  eaih  of  the  eight 
classes  of  income,  in  IftOO.  as  described  in  the  legend  at 
the  bottom  of  the  diayram. 


Li\  K  Stock. 


SWINK. 


The  number  of  swine  on  farms  and  ranges  reported 
at  the  Twelfth  Census  was  C.L'.sTti,  K  is.  Plate  14»>  repre- 
sents, in  live  shades  of  color,  the  number  of  head  per 
square  mile  of  land  area  in  each  county,  the  heaviest 
shade  indicating  tho.se  counties  in  which  the  largest 
number  of  swine  were  reported.  Hy  comparison  with 
the  map.  Plate  154.  which  shows  the  production  of  corn 
per  square  mile  of  total  land  area,  it  will  be  noted  that 
the  greatest  nmnbcMof  swine  were  reported  in  the  '"corn 
states" — Iowa.  Illinois.  Missouri.  Nebraska.  Indiana. 
Kansas,  and  ( )hio. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  15(».  represents,  by  the  length  of 
the  bars,  the  runn})er  of  swine  reported  in  .specitied 
states  and  territories,  and  illustrates  the  fact  that  Towa 
in  litbo  reported  114.4  per  cent  more  than  any  other 
state  or  territory,  and  that  in  the  New  England  and  cer- 
tain of  the  Western  states  there  were  comi)aratively 
few  of  these  animals. 

NT.Ar    (  ATTI.K. 

The  total  number  of  neat  cattli'  rejjorted  on  farms 
and  ranges  in  I'.too  was  t)7.s2:i.:^):it>.  and  the  niaj).  Plate 
147.  shows,  in  five  shades  of  color,  the  nund)er  of  neat 
cattle  to  a  sciuare  mile  of  land  area  in  each  county,  the 
heavy  shades  indicating  those  counties  whei'e  the  great  est 
nund)er  of  tlH>se  animidswcre  repoi-ted. 

r)iagram  i'.  Plate  I5U.  represents.  l)y  tlie  length  of 
the  bars,  the  total  number  of  neat  cattle  reported  in 
sp(Hiti(>d  states  and  territories  in  I'.'on,  and  brings  out 
the  fact  that  Te.xas  rei)orted  almost  twii-e  as  many  as 
anv  other  state  or  territory,  Iowa,  Kansas,  and  Ne- 
braska following  in  order.  It  also  indicates  the  small 
number  re]iorted  in  the  New  Kngland  states. 

SIIKKC. 

In  llttiii.  til, 605, 811  sheep  were  reported  on  farms 
and  ranges,  and  the  map.  Plate  14.S.  shows,  in  five  shades 
of  color,  the  number  of  she(>p  per  stjuare  mile  of  land 
area  in  each  county.  The  hea\  iest  shade,  marking  the 
areas  on  which  the  great(>st  munb(>r  of  these  animals 
were  reported,  will  be  noted  in  Montana,  Wyoming, 
N<'w-  .Mexico.  Ohio.  Utah.  Michig-an.  and  New  York. 
More  than  oni'-half  of  tht>  slu^ep  reported  for  IWHi  were 
in  the  \Vestern  division,  the  North  Central  division  fol- 
lowing with  26.;}  per  cent  of  the  total,  the  number  in 
the  other  ])ortions  of  the  country  being  i-elatively  very 
small. 

Diagram  o.  Plate  f5(i.  shows  the  number  of  sheep 
reported  in  specitied  stat(>s  and  territories  in  I'.'oo.  In 
this  branch  of  agricultural  industry  Montana  leads,  witii 
6,170,483  sheep:  Wyoming,  with  5.099.613;  New  Mex- 
ico, with  4.S99.4.S7:  and  Ohio,  with  4.II20.62S,  tV.llow- 
ine-  in  order. 


74 


STATISTIC  AT.  ATLAS. 


HORSES,   MULES.  AMI    ASSES. 

The  numher  of  horses,  nudes,  and  asses  reported  on 
farms  and  ranges  in  1!>00  was  21,C.4(;,731.  Phite  Ult 
shows,  in  four  shades  of  eoloi'.  the  nundter  of  these 
animals  per  square  mile  of  land  area  in  eaeh  county, 
and  gives  a  general  idea  of  the  regions  in  which  the 
greatest  nund)er  were  found.  The  heaviest  shade  is 
found  principally  in  the  North  Central  division,  which 
reported  nearly  one  lialf  of  tiie  total  mnntier.  The 
o-eneral  distribution  of  the  lieavier  shades  shows  that 
these  aiunials  were  reported  from  all  portions  of  the 
United  States. 

Diagram  4,  Plate  l.JU,  represents  the  luauher  of 
k)r.seson  farms  and  ranges  in  11(00.  Iowa  is  first,  with 
l.:^.92,578  horses:  Illinois  second,  with  1.350.211»:  and 
Texas  third,  with  l.ii(;i»,J:32. 

Comparing  the  four  diagrams  on  Plate  150,  it  will  be 
noted  that  Iowa  is  first  in  the  number  of  swine  and  the 
number  of  horses  reported,  and  second  in  the  iuxnd)er 
of  neat  cattle;  Texas  is  first  in  the  numlier  of  neat 
cattle;  Montana  is  first  in  the  luindjer  of  sheep;  while 
Illinois  is  second  in  the  number  of  swine  and  in  the 
number  of  horses  reported. 

Centers  of  Auriculturai.  Products. 

Plate  151  is  a  map  of  a  portion  of  the  Tinted  States, 
showing  the  location  in  I'.HiO  of  the  centers  of  the  num- 
lier of  farms,  total  area  in  farms,  improved  acreage, 
farm  values,  production  of  cotton,  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  combined  cereals,  gross  farm  income,  population, 
and  manufactures,  their  approximate  locations  l)cing 
oiven  in  the  following  table: 


CENTER.  '  Approximate  Icx-alioii. 

Number  of  farms '  In  Ulinois,  40  miles  northwest  of  EvausviUe,  Indiana. 

Total  area  in  farms....;  In  Missouri.  48  miles  southwest  of  .lelTerson  City. 

Improved  acreage Iii  Illinois,  20  miles  smith  west  of  .laeksonville. 

Farm  values In  Illinois.  KMiiiles  iicntli  of  .lailooiiviUe. 

Cotton  pr..duetion In  Mis.sissippi.  Ji  miles  iiortheasl  of  Canton. 

Corn  produition In  Illinois,  ii  miles  .south  of  Jaeksonville. 

Wheat  prodiietion ■  In  Iowa,  70  miles  west  of  Des  Moines. 

Oats  production In  Iowa.  17  miles  east  of  Iowa  City. 

Six  cereals ]  In  Illinois,  1.^  miles  south  ol  Keokuk,  I'lwn. 

Gross  farm  income I  In  Illinois,  2,5  miles  s<.uth  of  ,Taeksonyille. 

Population         In  Indiana,  35  miles  southeast  of  Indianapolis. 

Manufactures I  In  Ohio,  17  miles  .southea,st  of  Mansfield. 


Six  of  the  agricultural  centers  were  located  in  the 
state  of  Illinois,  two  in  Iowa,  and  one  each  in  ^Missouri 
and  Mississippi. 

Products. 

The  map,  Plate  153,  showing,  in  five  shades  of  color, 
the  production  of  all  grains  in  each  county,  per  square 
mile  of  total  land  area  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  outlines 
the  great  grain -producing  regions.  The  map  was  pre- 
jiared  by  adding  the  yield  of  all  grains  for  each  county 
and  dividing  the  sum  liy  the  number  of  .square  miles  of 
land  area  in  that  county.  The  counties  were  then 
arranged  in  five  groups,   according  to  the    niinilier  ot 


bushels  produced  ))er  square  mile,  and  each  group  given 
a  ditierent  sliade.  The  heaviest  shade,  representing 
the  area  of  greatest  production  per  square  mile,  indicates 
that  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kan.sas.  Nebraska,  Missouri,  and 
Indiana  were  the  greatest  grain-producing  states,  the.se 
six  states  re]^orting  in  1900,  51.7  per  cent  of  the  total 
production. 

CORN. 

rile  total  production  of  corn,  in  bushels,  at  each  cen- 
sus from  1850  to  1900  is  represented  in  diagram  1. 
Plate  152.  which  shows  a  great  increase  at  each  census 
except  l<s7<t.  the  decrease  at  that  date  being  caused 
bv  the  falling  ofi'  in  the  production  of  the  Southern 
states,  due  principally  to  the  Civil  War.  The  increase 
from  ls70  to  ISSO  of  993.(31:7,127  bushels,  or  130.6  per 
cent,  is  especially  marked.  The  niunber  of  bushels  of 
corn  reported  in  ISoO  was  592,071.104,  and  in  1900. 
2,666,440,279.  an  increa.se  of  350.4  per  cent  in  fifty 
years. 

Plate  154  shows,  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  the  production 
of  corn  per  stjuare  mile  of  total  land  area  by  counties, 
and  indicates,  by  the  heaviest  shade  of  color,  those  coun- 
ties producing  the  greatest  number  of  bushels  to  each 
square  mile.  The  lightest  shade  marks  the  regions 
where  the  production  of  corn  was  xevy  small,  being 
less  than  64  bushels  to  a  square  mile,  or  one-tenth  of  a 
bushel  per  acre  of  total  land  area.  The  heaviest  shade 
covers  the  areas  where  the  production  was  over  3,20t> 
l)ushels  per  stpiare  mile,  or  5  1>ushels  to  each  acre  of 
land  in  the  county,  thus  representing  the  regions  where 
the  crop  was  of  great  importance. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  163,  .shows  the  production  of  corn 
in  1899  in  those  states  and  territories  in  which  it  was  a 
crop  of  importance.  Illinois  is  first,  with  398,149.140 
bushids.  and  Iowa  second,  with  383.453,190  bushels, 
each  reporting  a  production  exceeding  that  of  Kansas, 
the  third  state,  l)y  more  than  153,500,000  bushels. 

Cartogram  1.  Plate  172,  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
production  of  corn  per  capita  of  the  population,  at  the 
Twelfth  Census.  The  lu^iviest  shade,  indicating  the 
greatest  production  as  compared  with  population,  covers 
the  great  corn-producing  states  of  the  Mississijipi  valley. 
The  lightest  shade,  indicating  the  smallest  production 
per  capita,  is  found  in  the  New  Kngland  and  far  West- 
1   ern  states. 

Plate  155  shows  for  each  county  the  average  yield  of 
corn  per  acre  cultivated  to  that  crop  at  the  Twelfth 
C!ensus,  and  outlines  the  great  corn-producing  regions 
by  the  area  of  heaviest  shade,  running  thi'ough  the 
.states  of  Ohio.  Indiana,  Illinois,  and  Iowa.  New  Hamp- 
shire. Ma.ssachusetts.  and  Coiuiecticut  also  show  high 
iiverage  yields,  although  the  <iuantity  produced  was 
small. 

Diaerain  I.  Plate  169.  shows  the  average  yield  per 
acre  of  corn,  by  states  and  territories,  in  IS99.  New 
llanipsliire   is    lirst.   with    a   yield   of  42.1    bushels  per 


AGRICULTURE. 


75 


aero.  Connofticiit  scfond.  and  Indiana  third,  wliile 
Iowa  and  Illinois,  the  states  wliicli  produced  tlu'  j^rcat- 
est  auioiint  of  <'orn.  rank  sixth  and  s('\(Mith  in  the  avci'- 
ape  yiidd  ])('r  acre. 

WIIKAT. 

'I"he  total  produftion  of  wheat  from  185it  to  lltflO  is 
represented  li_v  diagram  2.  Plate  loii.  which  shows  a 
great  increase  during  each  decarh'.  except  from  ISSU  to 
18('<i.  'i'iie  slight  increase  noted  for  this  decade  was 
due  principally  to  the  falling  oil'  in  the  amount  ri'ported 
in  the  North  Central,  North  Atlantic,  and  So>ith  Atlan- 
tic divisions,  the  only  divisions  showing  increases  heint;' 
the  South  Central  and  A\'estern.  The  production  of 
wheat  at  the  census  of  1850  was  ln(),485,!)48  bushels, 
and  at  the  census  of  iiHXt,  658,534-,252  bushels,  an  in- 
crease during  fifty  years  of  555. -i  per  cent. 

Plate  15<!  shows,  in  live  .shades  of  color,  the  produc- 
tion of  wheat  per  sipiare  mile  of  total  land  area  in  each 
county  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  and  indicates  the  regions 
in  which  wheat  was  an  important  crop.  The  states  of 
the  North  Central  division  and  Califoiina  constitute 
the  principal  wheat  i-egions  of  the  Cnited  States,  pro- 
ducing in  1899,  72.6  per  cent  of  the  entii-e  cro)^.  The 
heaviest  shade,  indicating  a  jiroduction  of  3,200  bushels 
or  more  per  sipiarc  mile,  is  foiuid  only  in  Minnesota 
and  North  Dakota,  states  in  which  wheat  was  the  most 
important  agricultural  product.  This  cro])  was  of  com- 
paratividy  slight  importance  in  the  North  Atlantic  and 
South  Atlantic  divisions. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  1<)3,  represents,  by  the  length  of 
the  bars,  the  production  of  wheat  in  189Vt  for  those 
states  and  territories  producing  over  450,000  bushels. 
Minnesota,  with  95,278,0(i0  bushels,  is  tirst;  North 
Dakota,  with  59.888,810  bushels,  second:  Ohio,  South 
Dakota,  Kan.sas,  California,  and  Indiana  following  in 
the  order  named,  each  having  produced  over  34,000,(10(1 
bushels. 

Cartogram  2.  Plate  172,  shows,  in  live  shades  of  color, 
the  production  of  wheat  per  capita  of  the  population  at 
the  Twelfth  Census.  The  heaviest  shade,  representing 
the  greatest  per  capita  production,  covers  Mimiesota. 
North  Dakota,  and  South  Dakota,  states  in  which  wheat 
was  the  leading  agricultural  product.  The  i)roduction 
per  capita  in  the  North  and  South  Atlantic'  states  was 
very  small. 

The  map,  Plate  157.  shows,  in  four  shades  of  color, 
tht^  yield  of  wheat  per  acre  in  each  county  at  the 
Twtdfth  Census.  The  counties  producing  the  greatest 
number  of  bushels  per  acre  planted  to  this  crop  were 
most  luunei'ous  in  the  arid  states,  where,  through  irri- 
gation, a  large  yield  per  acre  was  secured,  the  states  of 
Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  and  South  Dakota  showing- 
only  a  medium  yield  per  acre. 

The  average  yield  per  acre  of  wheat  in  J8!t!>  is  rep- 
resented bv  states  and  territories  in  diagram  1.  Plate 
17(1.     Nevada  is  tirst  with  a  yield  of  24.3  bushels  per 


acre,  the  District  of  Coluiubia  seconfl.  Connecticut 
third,  and  Rhode  Island  fourth,  the  states  which  pro- 
duced the  gi'eatest  quantity  of  wheat  showing  compara- 
tively small  average  yicdds  per  acre.  Minnesota,  the 
leading  state  in  total  production,  had  an  average  yield 
of  oidy  14.5  bushels  ])er  acre,  which  was  exceeded  by 
twenty-two  states  and  territoi-ies. 

( )ATS. 

The  production  of  oats  from  1S50  to  P.kmi  is  repre- 
sented by  fliagi'am  3.  Plate  15ji.  which  shows  an  inci'ea.'^e 
during  each  decade,  and  an  especially  large  increase 
from  isso  to  18'.>().  when  the  production  was  nearly 
doubled.  The  number  of  bushels  reported  in  iSoOwas 
146,584,179.  and  in  19(10,  943,389,375,  an  increase  in 
fifty  years  of  543.5  per  cent. 

Plate  158  shows,  in  five  shades  of  color,  the  produc- 
tion of  oats  per  square  mile  of  land  area  in  each  countj' 
in  1899,  the  heavy  shades  indicating  the  regions  in 
which  this  crop  was  of  great  importance.  Illinois,  "Wis- 
consin, Minnesota,  and  Iowa  show  the  heaviest  yield, 
reporting  53. H  per  cent  of  the  total  production.  Oats 
may  be  termed  a  northern  crop,  as  nearly  91  per  cent 
of  the  amount  i)roduced  was  grown  in  the  North  Cen- 
tral and  North  Atlantic  divisions,  and  inoi-e  than  95  per 
cent  north  of  the  thirty-sixth  i)arallel. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  1(>4,  represents  the  production  of 
oats,  by  states  and  territories  in  1899.  Illinois  is  first 
with  a  crop  of  180,305,63(1  laishels,  and  Iowa  second, 
with  1 68.3(54, 17(>  bushels,  each  of  the.sc  states  producing 
over  twice  as  much  as  Wisconsin,  the  third  state  in 
production.  The  diagi-am  also  shows  that  the  pi-incipal 
oats-producing  states  w'ei-e  in  the  North. 

Cartogram  3.  Plate  172.  i-epresents  the  jjroduction  of 
oats  per  capita  of  the  population  at  the  Twidfth  Census, 
and  shows  that  the  n[unber  of  bushels  produced  to  each 
inhabitant  was  greatest  in  the  upper  Mississippi  valley 
and  in  those  states  bordering  on  the  Great  Lakes.  The 
production  ])er  capita  was  very  small  in  the  South  and 
Southwest. 

The  map.  Plate  159.  shows,  in  live  shades  of  color, 
the  yield  of  oats  per  acre  of  land  cultivated  to  that  crop 
in  1899,  in  each  county,  and  by  comparison  with  Plate 
158  it  will  be  noted  that  the  .states  producing  the  great- 
est (juantity  also  show  high  yields.  A  number  of  the 
states  in  which  the  tobd  production  was  very  small  also 
.show  a  high  average  yield  per  acre.  as.  for  instance,  the 
New  England  states,  and  a  number  of  the  arid  states,  in 
which,  through  irrigation,  large  yields  per  acre  were 
obtained. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  169.  shows  the  average  yield  per 
acre  of  oats  in  1899,  by  stiites  and  territories.  Washing- 
ton leading  with  a  production  of  42.1  bushels.  Illinois, 
the  state  of  greatest  production,  ranking  second  with  a 
yield  of  39.5  bushels  per  acre.  The  average  yield  per 
acre  was  highest  in  the  Northern  and  lowest  in  the 
Southern  states. 


76 


STATISTICAL  ATLA S. 


BAKLKY. 

Plate  Ifil  shows,  in  four  .shades  of  color,  the  produc- 
tion of  barley  i)er  square  mile  of  land  area  in  each 
county  in  1S9'.».  and  indicates  the  limited  region  in 
which  this  crop  was  of  importance.  Califoi'iiia,  Minne- 
sota, Wisconsin.  Iowa,  and  tiie  1  )akotas  produced  Kve- 
sixths  of  the  entire  crop  rejjorted  at  tlie  Twelfth  Census, 
the  amount  raised  in  the  other  states  and  territories 
being'  very  small. 

Diagram  3.  Plate  164.  represents,  by  tiie  lengtli  of 
the  bars,  tlie  production  of  barley  in  lsit;»  in  each  state 
and  territory  pi'oducing  over  SO,0U0  bushels.  Califor- 
nia is  first,  with  ayiekl  of  25,149,335  bushels;  Minnesota 
second,  with  24.314,1240  bushels;  Wisconsin  and  Iowa 
following,  with  IS.ti'.tlt.tiiiO  and  18. ()51t. (»('.()  bushels,  re- 
spectively; these  four  states  producing  72. i' per  cent  of 
the  entii'e  yield. 

The  relative  importance  of  the  jiroduetion  of  barley 
as  indicated  by  the  number  of  liushels  produced  per 
capita  of  the  pojjulation,  in  each  state  and  teri-itory  at 
the  Twelfth  Census,  is  graphically  presented  in  carto- 
gram  4.  Plate  172.  The  heaviest  shade,  indicating  the 
greatest  production  of  this  cereal  per  cai)ita,  covers  the 
states  of  Minnesota.  North  and  South  Dakota,  and  Cali- 
fornia. The  cartogram  also  shows  that  tliis  crop  was 
an  important  one  in  l»ut  nine  states,  the  i-emainder  of 
the  country  producing  less  than  5  l)ushels  per  capita. 

The  average  yield  per  acre  of  t)arlev  in  181)9  is  repre- 
sented 1)V  diagram  1.  Plate  171.  Montana  is  first  with 
an  average  yield  of  Stl.'.t  bushels  per  acre,  Wisconsin 
second,  and  Illinois  tiiird.  California,  which  led  in 
production,  had  an  average  yield  of  only  24.4  bushels 
per  acre  ami  ranks  twenty-s(X'ond,  twenty-one  states 
and  territories  having  higher  average  yields. 

KYK. 

Plate  IrtO  represents,  in  five  shades  of  color,  the  pro- 
duction of  rye  in  each  county  per  square  mile  of  land 
area  in  18'.t9.  and  marks  the  regions  in  which  this  crop 
was  most  abundant.  New  York.  Pennsylvania.  Michi- 
gan. Illinois,  Wisconsin.  Minnesota.  Iowa,  and  Ne- 
braska show  the  grwatest  production  of  this  cereal  and 
were  practically  the  only  states  in  which  it  was  an  inq)oi- 
tant  agi'icultural  pi'oduct. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  lt>4,  represents,  by  tho  length  of 
the  bars,  the  total  production  of  rye  in  l8'.>'.».  Wiscon- 
sin is  first,  with  5.142. ()()6  bushels;  P(Minsylvania  second, 
with  3.944,750  bushels;  New  Yoi'k  third,  with  2.431,070 
bushels;  and  Michigan  fourth,  with  2,130,87(i  bushels; 
these  four  states  producing  53.3  per  cent  of  the  total 
yield.  Nebraska,  ^Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  Illinois  also 
show  a  fair  yield  of  this  cereal  in  189'.».  each  jjroducing 
over  I.OOO.OOO  bushels. 

The  average  yield  per  acre  of  r^e  in  18'.ti».  by  states 
and  territories,  is  shown  in  diagram  2,  Plate  171.  New  [ 
Mexico  is  first,  with  an  average  yi(>ld  of  22.2  bushels  p(M' 


acre;  Connecticut  second,  with  19.8;  and  Montana  third, 
with  16.5.  The  states  producing  the  greatest  number 
of  bushels  had  only  a  medium  yield  per  acre. 

I  BUCKWHEAT. 

Th<>  production  of  buckwheat  in  181(9  in  the  eighteen 
states  producing  ])ractically  the  entire  crop  is  shown 
in  diagram  4,  Plate  164.     Pennsylvania  and  New  York 
produced  nearly  70  per  cent  of  the  crop,  while  the  five 
states,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  Michigan.  Wisconsin, 
and  Maine,   together  produced   82.8  per  cent  of    the 
amount  reported. 
I       The  average  yield  per  acre  of  buckwheat  in  1899  for 
,  certain  states  and  territories  is  represented  by  diagram 
I  2,  Plate  170,  New  Hampshire  leading  with  an  average 
yield  of  23.6  bushels,  California,  Vermont.  Washing- 
ton, and  Wyoming  following  in  order.     Pennsylvania 
and  New  York,  the  states  producing  the  greatest  quan- 
tity in  1899.  show  comparatively  low  yields  per  acre. 

HAT    AND    FORAGK. 

Plate  162  shows,  by  si.x  shades  of  color,  the  produc- 
tion of  hay  and  forage  p(U-  s({uare  mile  of  total  land 
area  in  each  county  at  the  Twelfth  Census.  In  1899 
the  total  crop  reported  (exclusive  of  cornstalks)  was 
79,251.946  tons,  valued  at  1484,256,846,  and  was  ex- 
ceeded in  value  by  the  corn  crop  only.  It  will  be  noted 
that  the  heaviest  production  was  in  the  North  Central 
and  North  Atlantic  divisions,  which  together  produced 
77.3  per  cent  of  the  entire  crop.  Ranked  according  to 
the  \-alue  of  product  of  the  haj^  and  forage  crop.  New 
York  is  first,  with  $55,237,446;  Pennsylvania  is  second, 
with  $37,514,779;  Iowa  third,  with  $30,042,246;  and 
Ohio  fourth,  with  $29,047,532.  The  value  of  the  crop 
of  New  York  alone  was  nearly  equal  to  that  of  the  South 
Atlantic  and  South  Central  states  combined,  showing 
the  value  of  the  hay  and  forage  croji  of  the  South  to  be 
relatively  very  small. 

POTATOKS. 

The  i)otato  was  tiie  most  important  vegetable  raised 
in  1899.  the  crop  having  a  total  value  of  $98,387,614. 
The  six  states,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Michigan,  Wis- 
consin, Ohio,  and  Illinois,  produced  a  crop  valued  at 
$47,454,184.  which  was  nearly  5(t  per  cent  of  the  value 
of  that  of  the  United  States. 

Map  1.  Plate  173.  shows,  in  four  sliades  of  color, 
the  production  of  potatoes  in  each  county  per  square 
mile  of  land  area  in  1899.  Th(>  largest  groups  of  the 
heaviest  shade,  indicating  the  greatest  i)roduction.  will 
be  noted  in  Massachusetts.  Connecticut.  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Michigan,  and  Wisconsin.  The 
North  Atlantic  and  North  Central  divisions  produced 
four-fifths  of  th(>  numlierof  bushels  rejiorted.  th(>  South 
Atlantic,  South  Central,  aiul  Western  divisit)ns  showing 
a  light  ]iroduction. 


AGRICULTURE. 


77 


The  miml)cr  of  bushels  of  potutocs  produced  in  New 
York  in  [SW  was  38,0(30,471,  in  Wisconsin  24,041,498, 
in  Michigan  23,476,444,  and  in  Pennsylvania  21,769,472, 
tliest^  four  states  i-aising-  ;',!». H  p(>rcent  of  the  total  crop. 
The  nuni))cr  of  Ijusiiels  pro(UiC('d  by  cacii  of  these  four 
states  in  1899  is  graphically  represented  l)y  diagram  3, 
Plate  it;s. 

SMEET    rOTATOKS. 

Map  2,  Plate  173,  represents,  Uy  four  shades  of  color, 
the  production  of  sweet  potatoes  per  square  mile  of 
land  ai'ca  in  1899.  by  counties,  and  indicates  that  this 
vegetable  was  grown  principally'  in  the  Soutl)  Atlantic 
and  South  Central  divisions,  these  two  divisions  pro- 
ducing 87.2  per  cent  of  tlie  (Mitire  ci-op.  A  conipai-ison 
of  maps  1  and  2,  Plate  173,  shows  that  Irish  potatoes 
were  produced  principally  in  the  North,  while  sweet 
potatoes  were  mainly  a  product  of  the  Southei'n  states. 
The  states  leading  in  the  production  of  sweet  potatoes  in 
1899  were  North  Carolina,  with  5,781,587  bushels;  Geor- 
gia, with  5, 087.074  bushels;  Virginia,  with  4.470.t)02 
bushels;  Alabama,  with  3.457,386  Ijushels;  South  Caro- 
lina, with  3,369,957  bushels;  and  Texas,  with  3,299,135 
bushels,  the  coml)ined  valuation  of  their  crops  being 
111,108,793,  or  55.9  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  United 
States.  The  number  of  bushels  produced  by  each  of 
th(>se  six  states  in  1899  is  graijjiically  represent(Hl  by 
diagram  4,  Plate  168. 

ONIONS. 

Diagram  5,  Plate  168,  shows  the  production  of  onions 
in  four  states  in  1899.  New  York  is  tirst,  with  2.177,271 
bushels;  Ohio  second,  with  1,671,442  bushels;  Michi- 
gan third,  with  783,948  bushels;  and  Massachusetts 
fourth,  with  748..3(>9  bushels;  these  four  states  produc- 
ing 45.6  percent  of  the  total  amount  reported. 

COTTON. 

The  ([uantity  of  cotton  reported  at  each  census,  from 
1850  to  litOO,  is  grajjhically  I'epresentcd  by  diagram  4, 
Plate  152,  which  shows  a  large  increase  at  each  census, 
with  the  exception  of  1870,  when  the  crop  reported 
showed  a  decrease  of  44.7  per  cent,  due  principidly  to 
the  destruction  caused  bj*  the  Civil  A\'ar.  The  Seventh 
Census  (1850)  reported  an  equivalent  of  1.975.274  500- 
pound  bales,  and  the  Twelftli  Census  9.434,345.  an  in- 
crease, in  ecjuivalent  500-pound  l)ales,  of  7,459.071  or 
nearl}^  four  times  the  quantity  grown  in  1849.  The  total 
area  under  cotton  in  1899  was  24.275.1(11  acres,  on  which 
was  grown  the  largest  crop  ever  reported,  9.434,345 
equivalent  500-pound  bales,  an  increa.se  of  32.3  per  cent 
over  the  crop  grown  in  1S89. 

The  production  of  cotton  per  squaie  mile  of  total 
land  area  in  each  county  as  reported  at  the  Twelfth 
Census  is  shown,  in  six  shades  of  color,  on  the  map.  Plate 
165.     The  heaviest  shade,    indicating   the    regions  of 


greatest  yiroduction.  is  found  pi-iiicipally  in  the  alluvial 
region  of  the  Mississippi  valley  and  eastern  Texas,  with 
a  few  scattered  areas  in  South  Carolina,  Georgia.  Ala- 
bama, and  Ivouisiana.  The  map  also  shows  that  prac- 
tically the  entire  crop  was  grown  in  the  region  south  of 
the  thirtj'-seventh  parallel  and  east  of  the  one-hundredth 
meridian. 

Diagiam  I.Plate  168,  represents  the  production  of 
cotton  in  equivalent  500-pound  bales  grown  in  1899  in 
the  "'cotton  states."  The  four  leading  states,  producing 
over  1,000,000  bales  each,  were  Texas,  with  2.5S4,810; 
Mississippi,  with  l,28ti,()80;  Georgia,  with  l,232,ti84; 
and  Alabama,  with  1,093,697.  Texas,  with  its  inmicnse 
acreage,  produc(>d  double  the  quantity  grown  in  any 
othei'  state. 

The  production  of  cotton,  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  in 
pounds  per  capita  of  the  population,  is  shown,  by  shades 
of  color,  in  cartogram  .">.  Plate  172.  The  heaviest  shade, 
indicating  a  production  of  4(X»  pounds  and  over  per 
capita,  covers  Mississippi  and  Texas  onlj-. 

The  mui).  Plate  l(i6.  shows,  in  four  shades  of  color,  the 
yield  of  cotton  per  acre  cultivated  to  that  crop  in  1899 
in  each  county.  The  heaviest  yield  is  indicated  for  the 
alluvial  region  of  the  Mississippi  and  Red  rivers,  and 
for  a  few  scattered  counties  in  other  regions.  I  'tab.  Ari- 
zona, and  Nevada  reported  a  small  quantity  of  cotton 
raised  by  means  of  irrigation,  the  average  yield  per 
acre  being  high  for  Utah  and  Arizona. 

Diagram  3.  Plate  17(i,  shows  the  average  3-ield  of  cot- 
ton per  acre  reported  in  1900.  for  each  state  and  terri- 
tory reporting  more  than  100  bales.  Kentucky  is  first, 
Missouri  second,  and  Louisiana  third.  Texas,  with  the 
greatest  production.  I'aiiked  tenth  in  its  yield  per  acre. 

TOBACCO. 

The  United  States  produced  in  1889,  488,256,646 
pounds  of  tobacco.  In  1899  the  production  was  868.- 
163,275  pounds,  valued  at  ^56.993,003,  an  increase  in 
quantity  during  the  decade  of  nearly  80  per  cent. 

Plate  167  shows,  in  six  shades  of  color,  by  counties, 
the  production  of  tobacco  in  1899  t<)  each  s(piarc  mile 
of  land  area.  The  iieavy  shades  indicate  that  tiiis  crop 
was  produced  in  commercial  (]uantities  not  only  in 
the  Southern  states  but  as  far  north  as  Wisconsin,  New 
York,  and  Connecticut,  these  states  producing  tobacco 
of  tlie  very  Ijest  ([uality.  The  lightest  shade  on  the 
map,  representing  a  production  of  less  than  1(>0  pounds 
per  square  mile,  outlines  the  regions  in  which  small 
quantities  of  tobacco  were  produced.  The  states  leading 
in  the  production  of  tobacco  in  1899  were  Kentucky, 
North  Carolina,  Virginia,  Ohio,  Tennessee.  Wisconsin, 
Pennsylvania.  Maryland.  South  Carolina.  Connecticut, 
and  New  York. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  168.  represents  the  production  of 
toliacco  in  the  ten  states  reporting  95.4  per  cent  of  the 
crop  of  1899.     Kentucky,  with  314.288. 050  pounds,  is 


78 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


fir.st,  North  Carolina,  witli  1^7.5(»8,40t),  and  Viruinia, 
with  122.884.!'! in.  following-  in  order,  these  three  states 
producing  65.1  per  eent  of  tlie  entire  crop. 

Cartogram  (i,  Phite  172,  sliows  the  production  of 
tobacco  per  capita  of  the  population  at  tlic  Twelfth  Cen- 
sus. Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and  Kentucky  produced 
the  greatest  number  of  pounds  to  each  inhabitant;  Con- 
necticut, Maryland,  youth  Carolina.  Tennessee,  Ohio, 
and  Wisconsin  also  showing  a  fair  production. 

APPLE.S. 

Map  1,  Plate  174,  indicates,  by  the  colored  area,  those 
counties  which  produced  more  than  l.OOd  bushels  of 
apples  in  181*9,  and  shows  that  this  fruit  was  grown  in 
nearly  every  portion  of  the  settled  area  of  the  United 
States.  The  enumerators  of  tlie  Twelfth  Census  re- 
ported 2()1,7!»4,7()4  apple  trees  and  175.3y7.62B  bush- 
els of  apples.  The  states  producing  the  greatest 
quantity  were  New  York,  witli  24. 11 1,25 7  bushels;  Penn- 
sylvania, with  24,060,651;  and  Ohio,  with  20,617,480. 
Of  the  orchard  trees  reported  in  1!>00,  55.0  per  cent 
were  apple,  and  82.8  per  cent  of  the  bushels  of  orchard 
fruit  were  of  that  variety. 

PEARS. 

The  colored  area  on  map  2,  Plate  174.  marks  those 
counties  producing  more  than  l.ooo  bushels  of  pears  in 
lsy'.>.  and  indicates  the  regions  of  the  greatest  produc- 
tion of  this  fruit.  California.  New  York,  New  Jersey. 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Ohio,  Indiana.  Michigan. 
Texas,  Delaware,  and  Illinois  were  the  leading  states  in 
the  production  of  pears  at  the  Twelfth  Census,  each 
reporting  over  130,000  liushels.  This  fruit  was  one  of 
the  most  important  grown  in  the  United  States,  ranking- 
fourth  among  oi'chard  fruits  in  the  munber  of  bushels 
produced. 

CHKRRIES. 

The  coloi'ed  area  on  map  1,  Plate  175.  marks  those 
counties  which  produced  in  18!t'.>  more  than  l.OOo  busli- 
els  of  cherries,  and  indicates  the  principal  areas  of 
production.  Nearly  the  entire  crop  of  1899  was  grown 
iji  California  and  the  region  lying  between  the  thirty- 
ninth  and  forty-tiiird  parallels,  and  extending  from  the 
Atlantic  ocean  to  the  states  of  Nebraska  and  Kansas. 
The  leading  states  in  production  were  Pennsylvania, 
witii  474.1>40  l)ushels:  Califoi-nia,  with  ?.lS,9t;o;  Indiana, 
with  228.485;  and  New  York,  with  21.S,642. 

(1KAI>ES. 

The  area  colored  on  inaj)  2.  Plate  175,  covers  those 
counties  rej)orting  over  100,000  pounds  of  grapes  in 
1900,  and  indicates  the  principal  areas  of  production  of 
this  fruit.  The  states  producing  over  40,000,000  jjounds 
of  grapes  in  1899  were  California,  with  721,433,400: 
New  York,   with  247.61»8.o56:    Ohio,   with  7'.t,173.S73: 


Penn.sylvania,  with  47,125.437;  and  Michigan,  with 
41,530.36'.»:  California  alone  reporting  55.5  per  cent  of 
the  total  crop. 

PEACHES  AND    NECTARINES. 

The  statistics  of  these  two  closely  related  fruits  were 
collected  under  one  head  and  were  reported  as  ])eaches. 
the  crop  ranking  second  in  value  among  orchard  fruits 
reported  in  1900.  The  colored  area  on  map  1,  Plate 
17().  indicates  the  counties  producing  over  1,000  bush- 
els of  peaches  in  1899.  The  region  along  the  Atlantic 
coast  from  Massachusetts  to  Georgia,  the  states  border- 
ing on  the  Gulf  of  ^lexico,  Arkansas,  Indian  Territory, 
Oklahoma,  ^Michigan,  and  the  Pacific  states  show  the 
most  extensive  aivas  of  production.  The  only  states 
rejjorting  over  600,0(10  bushels  in  19O0  were  California, 
with  8.563.427;  Texas,  with  1.400,240;  and  New  Jer- 
sey, with  620,928;  California  alone  reporting  55.5  per 
cent  of  the  total  amount  produced. 

APRICOTS. 

The  apricot  crop  was  of  importance  only  in  Cali- 
fornia, which  produced  96.4  per  cent  of  the  bushels 
reported  in  1900.  The  principal  regions  of  production 
in  1899,  as  shown  l)y  the  colored  area  on  map  2,  Plate 
176,  were  confined  to  California  and  a  few  counties  in 
Utah,  C'olorado,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  New  York. 

I'LUMS    AND    PRUNES. 

Plums  were  reported  from  nearly  every  state  and 
territory  in  lOiio,  the  crop  ranking  third  in  value  of 
products  among  orchard  fruits.  The  states  leading  in 
production  were  California,  with  5,632,036  bushels; 
Oregon,  with  359.821;  New  York,  with  303,688;  Wash- 
ington, with  229.207;  and  Michigan,  with  213,682.  The 
colored  area  on  majj  1.  Plate  177,  indicates  each  county 
producing  over  1.000  bushels  of  plums  and  prunes. 
California  was  the  only  state  which  produced  prunes 
in  commercial  quantities  in  1899. 

FIGS. 

While  the  tig  crop  is  not  one  of  great  importance, 
the  reports  of  the  Twelfth  Census  show  that  tigs  were 
grown  in  twenty-three  states  and  territories.  California, 
with  10.620.366  pounds,  was  the  only  state  producing 
tigs  in  commercial  (piantities.  Arizona,  Texas.  Loui- 
siana, and  Alabama  were  the  only  additional  states  that 
produced  over  100,000  pounds  in  1899.  The  colored 
area  on  map  2,  Plate  177,  indicates  those  counties  pro- 
ducing 10.000  pounds  of  tigs  and  over  in  lS',t9. 

Irkioation. 

The  entire  western  [jortion  of  the  United  Stiites, 
extending  from  the  one-hundredth  meridian  lo  the 
Pacific  ocean,  with  the  exception  of  portions  of  Idaho, 


AGRICULTURE. 


79 


Washington,  Oregon,  and  California,  is  generally  re- 
ferred to  as  the  arid  region,  where  irrigation  becomes 
a  necessity,  the  rainfall  l)eiiig  insufficient  for  successful 
agriculture.  The  water  supply  being  inadeciuate  to 
iirigate  all  the  aral)le  land,  water  is  an  extremely  valu- 
able asset,  while  land  inaccessible  to  water  is  of  little 
value.  The  greater  portion  of  this  region,  comprising 
over  one-half  of  the  area  of  the  United  States,  is  unset- 
tled, the  land  still  })eing  under  Government  ownership. 

Diagram  J,  Plate  178,  presents  graphically  the  total 
area  of  each  of  the  eleven  arid  states  and  territories,  with 
the  proportion  in  public  land,  private  ownership,  farm 
area,  improved  land,  and  irrigated  sicreage,  in  189'J. 
The  total  length  of  the  bar  represents  the  total  area  of 
the  states  and  territories,  the  shaded  pai't  the  propor- 
tion under  private  ownership,  the  unshaded  portion 
indicating  th(>  land  unoccupied  and  still  under  (iovern- 
nicnt  ownership.  The  shaded  portion  has  ft)ur  sub- 
divisions— the  first  or  black  area,  on  the  left,  represent- 
ing the  land  irrigiited;  the  second  division,  including 
the  first,  the  improved  area;  and  the  third,  including 
the  first  two,  the  farm  area.  Arizona,  Nevada,  New 
Mexico,  and  Washington  show  a  very  small  proportion 
of  their  total  land  area  under  irrigation.  Nevada  had 
the  largest  ])ercentage  of  unoccujjied  land  and  Wash- 
ington the  smallest. 

Diagram  li,  Plate  ITS.  conijiares  the  numlicr  uf  irri 
gators  and  the  area  irrigated  in  188!)  and   ls;i'.»  for  the 
arid  states  and  territories.     Tlie  number  of  irrigators 


increased  from  52,.58-lr  to  102,819,  or  9.5.5  per  cent,  and 
the  acreage  irrigated  from  3,,5fi4,41»»  to  7,26.3,273,  or 
103.8  per  cent.  The  percentage  of  increase  in  the 
number  of  acres  irrigated  was,  therefore,  greater  than 
in  the  number  of  irrigators,  ^'ashington,  Arizona, 
New  Mexico,  Montana,  and  Idaho  each  show  an  increase 
of  over  100  per  cent  in  the  number  of  irrigators,  and 
Arizona,  Idaho,  Washington,  Montana,  and  Wyoming 
an  increase  of  over  loO  per  cent  each  in  th(>  numl)er  of 
acres  irrigated. 

Diagram  3,  Plate  178,  compares  the  value  of  irrigated 
crops  in  18i)9  with  the  cost  of  irrigation  construction. 
The  value  of  the  crops  exceeded  the  cost  of  irrigation 
construction  in  all  of  the  eleven  states  and  territories,  ex- 
cept Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  Wyoming,  the  greatest 
excess  being  noted  in  California.  Colorado,  and  ilon- 
tana.  The  total  cost  of  irrigation  constniction  was 
§64,289,(101,  the  value  of  the  irrigat<'d  crops  being 
§84,433,-1:38,  an  excess  of  31.3  per  cent  over  the  cost  of 
con.struction. 

Diagram  4,  Plate  178,  shows  the  average  area  of  irri- 
gated land  on  farms  in  1889  and  1899  and  indicates  that 
this  average  was  the  greatest  in  Nevada  for  both  censuses. 
The  only  states  or  territories  showing  a  reduction  in 
the  average  area  of  irrigated  land  on  farms  are  Cali- 
fornia, Colorado,  New  Mexico,  and  Wa^shington,  while 
tile  states  showing  increases  are  Nevada,  Wyoming, 
and  Oregon  in  the  order  named. 


'"':^*  r^  ^- 


^r   ^ 


•^1 


Lsii^'^t^sl  I  s  1 1 '  ^\i  i  ^w    E    P  v.     s  >  ^  ^     _  ^  --^ 


---5 


i-^ 


-  ,   5  ^  -    E3  k  2    I  £   -^  5  -3 

/  <  .r  r  5  5  5  r-  s 

S  g  c  t  ■  <  ?5  2 


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G®  •€>©  •'^  O 


HKLA'l'lNl;;  1 'HOPOHTION  OI-"  IMl 'HOVKD  ANH  UNIMFHOVKO  A1{.1-;A  IX  FAHiMS 
TO  'I'llK  TOTAL  AFU^A  OK  THH  I'NITKD  STATKS  ;  1850  TO  1900 


PLATE  No.  127 


(  KXCl-L'SIVI-;   OF  ALASKA  AM)  HAWAII  i 


1850 


I860 


1870 


1880 


1900 


JULIUS  BtENaCO-LITM.N  Y. 


PLATE  No    128 


1.  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  IMPRO\^D  AND  UNIMPROVED  ACRES  IN  FARMS:  1830  TO  1900 


1900 


MILLIONS      OF    ACRES 

-*20  S6U 


Improved 


I  I   Unimproved 


2. VALUE   OF  FARM  l^UXI)  WTTM  IMPROVEMENTS   :iar,0  TO  1900 


LLIONS      OF      DO  LLAPS 


3.VAIXTE  OF   LIVE    STOCK  ON  FARMS:  1850  TO  1900 


BILLIONS    OF    DOLLARS 


4.  VALUE  OF   IMPLEMENTS  .S^JD  MACHINERY  ON   FARMS:  1850  TO   1900 


BILLIONS     OF   DOLLARS 
0  3 


i 


5.AM^HAGF;  VM-UE  per  F.'VHM  OFALLFAHM  1>H0PEHTY;1H5()T0  U)()0 


THOUSANDS   OF    DOLLARS 


6.AVER.\rTE  VALUE  PER  R\RM  OF  FARM  LANDWITH  IMPR0VI:M1:NTS  , 
INCLUniNO  BUILDINGS:  1850  TO  lOOO 


THOUSANDS   OF   DOLLARS 


JULIUS  BIEN  aCOLITH  N  V 


PLATE  No  129 


5-  63-  al*  79-  77 


_J         S**'^  IT,-'       ■_  '"    'o-^ 


■''•-An;  f=tjj       •"  niuui "*'■•-'    -'.'" t 
""T^"l. « ■i"''"'-Tu  ■ 


OoinpiU-(i  l>y 


s  a'£N  &CO  i 


i 


PLATE  No  130 


I.  .WKU.\<;i-:  SI/.1-;  oi' iwiiMs-.i'.too 


WYOMING 

NEVADA 

HAWAII 

MONTANA 

NEW  MEXICO 

CALIFORNIA 

COLORADO 

S  DAKOTA 

TEXAS 

N. DAKOTA 

ARIZONA 

OREGON 

WASHINGTON 

OKLAHOMA 

NEBRASKA 

KANSAS 

UTAH 

IDAHO 

MINNESOIA 

INDIAN  TER 

IOWA 

VERMONT 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  HAMPSHIRt 

MISSOURI 

VIRGINIA 

GEORGIA 

WISCONSIN 

WEST   VIRGINIA 

MARYLAND 

DELAWARE 

FLORIDA 

MAINE 

N  CAROLINA 

NEW  YORK 

INDIANA 

LOUISIANA 

KENTUCKY 

ARKANSAS 

ALABAMA 

TENNESSEE 

S.CAROLINA 

OHIO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MICHIGAN 

CONNECTICUT 

MASSACHUSE'^TS 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MISSISSIPPI 

NEW  JERSEY 

OIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

ALASKA 


2.    A\T-;i!.\C.l-:  S]7.K  OK  K.\l!MS:iar,(l   TO    l')00 


{.  NrMi!i:i:  oi"  F.\i!Ms:u!r)0  to  ihoo 

M  ILLIONS 


1850 
I860 
1870 
1880 
1890 
1900 


JULIUS  B1E.N  «  CO   LtTH  N  1 


PLATE  N^ 


1.  TC)'I\VI>  XUMHEH   OF  IMP1U)VK1)  .VNO  T  ■NIMPFU)\^KD  ACIIK  S  IX  FAH  M  S  :  I90() 


MILLIONS 


TEXAS 
KANSAS 
IOWA 
MISSOURI 

ILLINOIS 

NEBRASKA 

CALIFORNIA 

GEORGIA 

MINNESOTA 

OHIO 

N   CAROLINA 

NEW  YORK 

KENTUCKY 

INDIANA 

ALABAMA 

TENNESSEE 

VIRGINIA 

WISCONSIN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

S.DAKOTA 

MISSIS5IPP' 

MICHIGAN 

ARKANSAS 

OKLAHOMA 

N  DAKOTA 

S  CAROLINA 

MONTANA 

LOUISIANA 

WEST   VIRGINIA 

OREGON 

COLORADO 

WASHINGTON 

WYOMING 

INDIAN  TER 

MAINE 

MARYLAND 

NEW   MEXICO 

VERMONT 

FLORIDA 

UTAH 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

IDAHO 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  JERSEY 

HAWAII 

NEVADA 

CONNECTICUT 

ARIZONA 

DELAWARE 

RHODE  ISLAND 


I        ! 


iFinproved 


1  Unimproved 


2.  TOTAL  NLTMBFH  OFACRES  INFyVllMS  OF  WILITF  A\D  COLORED  F.XRMERS  :  1900 


MILLIONS 


TEXAS 

KANSAS 

IOWA 

MISSOURI 

ILLINOIS 

NEBRASKA 

CALIFORNIA 

GEORGIA 

MINNESOTA 

OHIO 

N  CAROLINA 

NEW  YORK 

KENTUCKY 

INDIANA 

ALABAMA 

TENNESSEE 

VIRGINIA 

WISCONSIN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

S- DAKOTA 

MISSISSIPPI 

MICHIGAN 

ARKANSAS 

OKLAHOMA 

N.DAKOTA 

S.CAROLINA 

MONTANA 

LOUISIANA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

OREGON 

COLORADO 

WASHINGTON 

WYOMING 

INDIAN  TER 

MAINE 

MARYLAND 

NEW   MEXICO 

VERMONT 

FLORIOA 

UTAH 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

IDAHO 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  JERSEY 

HAWAII 

NEVADA 

CONNECTICUT 

ARIZONA 

DELAWARE 

RHODE  ISLAND 


|((.)l(HVll 


rjWhitt' 


4 


l-l-  123 


IIS"  113-  111'  109-  itrr"  105-  103'  lor 


PLATE  No,    132 


PHOPORTIOX  OP  LMPP^A-ED  l^VM) 

TO  TOTAI>  Mi.F..\  i 

al  IhcTwell'tli  Criisiis  T 

lyoi)  1 

Compiled  by  > 

HEN  I IV    GANNETT,    OHOGRAPHEH. 


us  BIGN  a  CO   LtTH  N  1 


PLATE  No.  133 


I>KHCK\TA(;K    ok  INCKKASK    1\   TIIK   \'A1,1"K    ok   KAKMS   AN'l)   IMPUOVKMK.NTS  :  1850  lo  I'JOO 


I85()  TO  l«B() 


IBfiO  TO  1870 


IwBlWti/fc. 


■  r% 


-'( 


\ 


..  ^^itw^ 


,         .      -^  :  ,  "''l -".MISS,!    ( 


1870  TO   1880 


"W-f'- 


j        S.DAK         ',  TVW 


:>  ^/W 


coio    ;  \ 

.         KAIfS  I 


-4 


n 


i88(>   TO   IH90 


1890  TO    19(.IO 


(^'.r 


"'f...    /      \ 


~1 

I        NDA, 


•■^,<:.  -^m 


,J  ■<_, ^p--    MO       J 


'.MtSSi    »l*     ^ 


V    r-. 


"■  •~\.,Ji' 


■,^\ 


I         I   Less  Ihan  10  percent    iuci'ease 
I         I  10     lo    25      .. 

n      1  25       .,     50      „ 

50       „     loo     „ 

100  per  cent  increase  and  over 

Decrease 

Wlijte  areas  not  i-epoiied 


129*  12- 


rr]  l.c.ssllimi  <;.! 
I  g  I  $  :•.    lu     $1. 

"•[  rSl  55  c,      "      i,  III 

Q  $  Id   "    $  I 
Jll  S;  ir.    ■•     $  IK 

?[^  ^H    .$-(1  [M^i- itcn>  and  (>\'(M 

7'hr  tih.-^rnt  f  I'T  i  <fluri/uliiar<:s  f/u-  Iinse1tie4l  arra 


PLATE  No.   134 


JULIUS  Bies  A  CO  LITM 


PLATE  No.   !35 


,„.^^_, 


VAIA'E   OF  FARM  PRODl^CTS 

PER  SOU.^^E  AlILE 

at  theT%s-<-irth  Census 

lyoo 

Compiled  by 
HENB^t"    0.-V\XETT.    GfiOGPJAPHER 


LlUS  BIEN  *  CO  L 


I 


PLATE  No.136 


1.  TOTAL  X'AM'K  OK  FARM   PRODUCTS*.  U)00 


MILLIONS    OF    DOLLARS 
120  (80 


IOWA 

ILLINOIS 

OHIO 

NEW  YORK 

TEXAS 

MISSOURI 

KANSAS 

PENNSYLVANIA 

INDIANA 

NEBRASKA 

MINNESOTA 

WISCONSIN 

MICHIGAN 

CALIFORNIA 

KENTUCKY 

TENNESSEE 

GEORGIA 

MISSISSIPPI 

ALABAMA 

N.CAROLINA 

VIRGINIA 

ARKANSAS 

LOUISIANA 

S.CAROLINA 

S  DAKOTA 

N.DAKOTA 

OKLAHOMA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MARYLAND 

NEW  JERSEY 

MASSACHUSETTS 

OREGON 

MAINE 

WASHINGTON 

VERMONT 

COLORADO 

MONTANA 

CONNECTICUT 

INDIAN  TER, 

HAWAII 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

FLORIDA 

IDAHO 

UTAH 

WYOMING 

NEW  MEXICO 

DELAWARE 

ARIZONA 

NEVADA 

RHODE   ISLAND 


i^->i|i 


2.  TOTAL  VALUE  OF  FARM  LAND  WITH  lMPRO\'EMENTS, 
LIM5   STOCK  AND  F.VRM  IMPLEMENTS:  U)()0 


Farm  land  with  impro\'ements 
Live  stock 
]    Farm  implements 


PLATE  Nc 


I.  AVERAGE  VALrE   OV  FAHM   T>H()])U(TS   PER  FARM:1900 


HUNDREDS    Of     DOLLARS 


DIST  or  COLUMBIA 

NEVADA 

MONTANA 

WYOMING 

CALIFORNIA 

IOWA 

N. DAKOTA 

NEBRASHA 

COLORADO 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  JERSEY 

S.  DAKOTA 

KANSAS 

ARIZONA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  YORK 

OReCON 

CONNECTICUT 

WASHINGTON 

M1NNES01A 

IDAHO 

VERMONT 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

OHIO 

WISCONSIN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

INDIANA 

UTAH 

NEW   MEXICO 

MISSOURI 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

OKLAHOMA 

MICHIGAN 

TEXAS 

ALASKA 

LOUISIANA 

MAINE 

INDIAN  TER 

KENTUCKY 

VIRGINIA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

TENNESSEE 

GEORGIA 

MISSISSIPPI 

FLORIDA 

ARKANSAS 

5  CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

N  CAROLINA 


?— -t 


2.  .W'ERAGE  VAI,UE  OF  NET  F.\BM   PRODrCTS 
PER  ACRF:  19()0 


NEW  JERSEY 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

CONNECTICUT 

HAWAM 

OHIO 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

IOWA 

INDIANA 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

MICHIGAN 

LOUISIANA 

WISCONSIN 

MISSISSIPPI 

MINNESOTA 

MISSOURI 

VERMONT 

KENTUCKY 

IDAHO 

5  CAROLINA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MAINE 

TENNESSEE 

NEBRASKA 

CALIFORNIA 

ARKANSAS 

ALABAMA 

KANSAS 

FLORIDA 

VIRGINIA 

GEORGIA 

N  CAROLINA 

WASHINGTON 

N-DAKOTA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

UTAH 

INDIAN  TtR 

ARIZONA 

OREGON 

COLORADO 

S  DAKOTA 

OKLAHOMA 

NEVADA 

MONTANA 

NEW   MEXICO 

TEXAS 

WYOMING 


i^i^ 


^f^m 


PLATE  No  138 


1.    VAI.IK    Ol-    FAHM    PHdDl'l  T.',    I'KK    A(  UK:  I'.ldO 


2.  VAI.ti:    OF  K.\KM    I..\N1)  Pf;R    ACKKll'.HKi 


•-       "•>.      ;  I 


i-urr 


.'^crA"^~ 


"•'«., 


V-- 


-\'"""f's^71J  'v-  J«l 


1^ 


\r^--^^^  .„., 


\..^;:;-i-4 


^^, 


-=vS? 


■■'X-y^ 


LfA 


-^  '  ". 


^--i 


U'ss  Uian  S't  per  arri*        s  -i  in  7  |»i 


S  7  loloptT  JHr-ic        S  lO  piTairc  iiiiit  o\-Pi- 


Less  llian  S 10  per  ai-re     S  |t»  u>  .iO  pppaorp         S20  ui-'lop*"!- nci-f      S  ;u)[M>i-!H-ieoiulirt't^i- 


3.    PROPORTIOX  OF  OROSS  FARM  INCOME 
TO  TOTAL  F.\RM  PHoPKRTV':  U)00 


Vr# 


J. ,-J  _,i "-p H.C      S 

\ \iiisSJ   »L*    '    " 

'  '         '  ■' 

\ 


i.  a\i-:ra(.k  si/.k  ok  kakms:iii(io 


-r* ! 


,*— -l»«'-'.r'  '^    "'^' 


•■^'-OT'     ...r-"'" 


■# 


''.M.SS'    aL»     ' 


^^VI' 


J> 


-iij^" 


I.fss  Ilinn20  ]»eri»*iit      2(>  to  i-")  p<T  feni  l^.'i  to  ;t<>  jn'i- r-'iir        3o  jipr  i-^nt  jindovpr 


I^ss  thful  10{>  iitrr^         UXMm  :i<"to  acrps.  ::<)()  i.i  ;t(l(>  arrfs        :i(«)  H«'i-es  and  (u-ei- 


5.  GAINS  (1R   LOSSES  IN  rMPRCATJD   U-\N1):  IRiin    ro  |!.l(KI 


6    PROPORTTOX  i)F  UrPROMiD  LAND  TO   TOTAL  AB£A:IHI)<l 


-T-.7  ""■«   r 


— --1-, 


"■""■  i     ^. 


-s 


Vy-- 


-■^v-.-y 


en 

Loss 


<rtun  li'ss  thttn  16  pfi"  ri-nt  Gain  IB  ptr  i-enl  am t  over 


czi  izn 

Less  than  lO  to  2.^ 

10  per  rent  per  cent 


25to50  50  tu75  75  per  cenl 

pel-  f-eni  per  i-ent  aiid  nver 


us   BIEN  ACO.LiTh.N.I 


PLATE  No.  139 


A\KKV(iF.  VALCE   OF  F.\RM   l^HOl'FHTV    VV.H  FAKM    FOR    milTF:  AXI)   CoLOUED   FAKMKHS:  i;)00 


THOUSANDS    OF    DOLLARS 
6 


WKHAC.K   NAI.FK   OF  FAliM    I'HOPKHTV    I'KH    A(  HK 
FOV{    WHITF:  AND   COEORF^D  F'ARMERS:  lOOO 


WASHINGTON 
OHIO 

CONNECTICUT 
UTAH 
IDAHO 
MISSOURI 
MICHIGAN 
VERMONT 
TEXAS 
OKLAHOMA 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
LOUISIANA 
VIRGINIA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
MAINE 
KENTUCKY 
INDIAN  TER 
FLORIDA 
TENNESSEE 
S.CAROLINA 
ALASKA 
MISSISSIPPI 
GEORGIA 
N  CAROLINA 
ARKANSAS 
ALABAMA 


Wliile 


I  Colored 


JULIUS  SrEN  «CO   LtTHN  Y 


PLATE  No  140 


1.  PKOPOH'l'ION  OK  K.UIMS  OW^'KD  TO  ALI,  R\11M8 


I8i)n 


1900 


7   c 


1 


■< ._  7 


I  I 

j,Jb — J 


^  N    ,.0  ,J    . 


^N^ 


TCXAS  \t.nL 


.      '-^Sj 


I         I  Less  than  50  pei-cenl   |         |  50  to  75  ppr  cent 


,  ;     COLO,    f  ^       \  >-•(*, 

\r^  ■-- f J .1    .^ylZii-A— ..c  i^ 


lo  00  per  cent 


90  per  cent  and  over 


2.  I'KOPOF^'rrON  OFKAHMS  FU^^NTKn  FOB  CASH  TO  MA,  FARMS 


1890 


1000 


0 


'\  ^""  hhj^-A 


I         I  Less  thaJi  5  pecceiil   |         |  S  lo   10  pei-  eeiiL 


/  ,  s  o««       1  N  WIS.  (  ,      ,f-.         ^         "      '«5 


_i      ''^■'* 


V       ■; -r' ,-' Jf- — .r*'-  ? 


^ 


-\»ISS4  AH 


r^^  10  to  1^0  per  cent 


20  pel"  cent  and  over- 


3.  PROPORTION  OF  FARMS  RENTED  ON   SHARES  TO  MA.  FARMS 


18  00 


1!)00 


' r i         '«CBH  \     '°'**       ' 


1 


-<^ 


^ 


I        1  Less  lliaii    lU  per  cent   |         1  10  to  20  percent 


I'-.      ,]20  U)  23  per  cent 


25  per  cent  and  over 


JULIUS  B.ICNS  CO. 


(.'(thn,'. 


PLATE  No    141 


PROPORTION  OF  THF.  NUMBER  OP  F.\RM  S   OF  SPECIFIED  AREAS  ;  1900 

(XASSIKIKO   BY  TENURE 


OWNERS 

PART  OWNERS 

OWNERS  AND  TENANTS 

MANAGERS 

CASH  TENANTS 

SHARE  TENANTS 


PER     CENT 


) 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

SO 

90 

100 

1 

1 

i 

1 

■ 

1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1   1 

1 

1 

1       ^ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

t 

1 

1 

1 

I; 

WHITE 

NEGRO 

INDIAN 

CHINESE 

JAPANESE 

HAWAIIAN 


CL.\SSIFIED  BY  R.\CE   OF  OCCUPANTS 

PER     CtNT 
30  40  50  60  70  80 


1 

1 

1 



1 

1 

1 

1  1- 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

M 

1 

1 

1 

1  II 

1 

1 

__.!= 

1 

II 

CU\SSIFIEI)   BY  PRINCir.M.  CROPS 

PER     CENT 


HAY   AND  GRAIN 

VEGETABLES 

FRUIT 

LIVE  STOCK 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS 

TOBACCO 

COTTON 

RICE 

SUGAR 

FLOWERS  AND  PLANTS 

NURSERY  PRODUCTS 

TARO 

COFFEE 

MISCELLANEOUS 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

_ll 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

'  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1   1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  I--1 

J 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  f 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  nil 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  1  * 

1 

1 

1  ■ 

1 

1 

1 

LESS  THAN  %  1 

$      1     TO 

$    50 

$     50      „ 

$    100 

$    100     „ 

$  250 

$    250    ., 

$  500 

$   SOO    „ 

$1000 

$  1000   „ 

$2500 

CLASSIFIED  BT.\MOl^XT  OF  INCOME 

PER     CENT 
20  30  40  50  60  7Q 


$  2500  AND  OVER 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  !■ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Ill 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

_L 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1     1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1  1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

III 

1 

T^ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Zl      LESS-THAN  3  ACRES 
m.    3      TO      10    ACRES 
Zl    10        „       20 

Zl  :o      „     50 

Zl   50        „       100 


I I    100    TO     175  ACRES 

I  I    175       „      260       „ 

I  I   260      „      500 

I  I   500      „      1000      .. 

r  I    lOOOACRES  ANDOVER 


us  BIEN  A  CO  LITH 


PLATE  No^  142 


CLASSIFK  ATION  Ol'  Xl'MBEH  OF    FARMS  RY  TKNfUK.  1900 


PER  CENT 


MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
WYOMING 
ARIZONA 
N  DAKOTA 
UTAH 
IDAHO 

NEW   MEXICO 
MASSACHUSETTS 
MONTANA 
NEVADA 
CONNECTICUT 
WISCONSIN 
WASHINGTON 
VERMONT 
MICHIGAN 
MINNE501A 
OREGON 
RHODE  ISLAND 
OKLAHOMA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
S.DAKOTA 
COLORADO 
CALIFORNIA 
NEW  YORK 
PENNSYLVANIA 
FLORIDA 
OHIO 
INDIANA 
NEW  JERSEY 
MISSOURI 
VIRGINIA 
KENTUCKY 
MARYLAND 
IOWA 
KANSAS 
NEBRASKA 
ILLINOIS 
TENNESSEE 
N.CAROLINA 
DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 
ARKANSAS 
TE/AS 
DELAWARE 
ALABAMA 
LOUISIANA 
GEORGIA 
S.CAROLINA 
MISSISSIPPI 
INDIAN  TER 


0 

0 

20 

0 

4-0 

0 

50 

70 

80 

90 

10 

i       '        !     .          i 

•    1       1       1       1       1       i       1       1     1 

r^"' 

- 

_       1    -y-   -r  ^ 

1       1       1       ;       ;       1       MM 

-- 

\  '     \'    ']"' 

!       1       i      t      1    '1l"""Tr~ 

1  'T  r^    ' 

i 

Ml       MM 

1 

,.      I 

1             1-      1  II 

1 

1             1             1       II    1 

T 

,                 1                 III 

1 

\ 

r 

J 

■■ 

1                 II    1 

r 

i        1 

i 

i 

1      "Mil 

1' 

i               1              :              1                            1 
, 1 1 , 1 , 

1           11     1 

1 

1 1 

i 



.      1         .1       II 

:..-     1     1     i     ,i     1     i     !     1 

1 

1      1    '   ir- 

1 

■               '              '              1 

1 

i 

1 

IHl      1      1      nil!      1 

1 

"  'T'"T'  r^ 

1 

1 

1     1     11    1  1 

— \ — ■ 

..III 

1 

! 

j       1       II      M 

1 1 — ZL_ — 

1     1 

1    1    II    1' 

1 1 !- J 

•" 

1     1 

1       r 

1 

Ml     ^      ! 

— T    -- 

1 

i 

i 

li      1 

i 

1                1 

— 1 — 

1 

11^ 

■ 

'1    !  ;  1 \ — r- 

'\ 

"~J 

.1    1      i 

1         1     i     i 



. 

1 

..I..... 

^- 

1 

1 

1 

1     i 

.       .         _ 

1 

1 

1    i 

1 

7 

1     1 

^ 

1 

1 

1 

-^,.     1     - 

r  -^"-^ 

' 1 

1 

1 — 

-^ 

1 

i 

— I — I — IZ— 

=i_"v-T— 

— " — i 1 

....    1 

1 

1 

1 

!        ! 

1 i 1 

1 

1 

■ 

T  ^ 

^— ^"" 

1 

1 

f      '1 i 

1 

..  -; 

.-      1 

r" 

— 1 ' 1 

i 

1 

1 

i 

1        i 

1 

1 

1 

1    1    1    i    1 

— \ — 

1    i    1 

1 

1 

1 

"II' 

! 

\ 

u-l 

j 

1 

~i'~ 

r    ' 

1 

. 

'                 II     !            ^      '     - 

1 

1        ! 

1 

1 

1       1        1 

1 

111        1   '1 

1 



II      !  ,  -1 

1 

II       1 

1   1 

1 

II       1    1 





III       1 

1 

i 

1       1       1 

i 

1    1    1 

1 1 

1    1 

h 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1              1  1 

1              II 

I 

1 

1              1 

1 

. — 1 

1 

1 

1              1 

II        1        L. 

.1 

1              i 

j  t".H,sh  tenants 


Share  tenaxLts 


rL.\SSlKU\Vr!<>N  OF  FARM  .VREA  BY  TENrHK:U)()0 


PLATE  No    143 


PER   CeNT 


ARIZONA 

NEVADA 

MAINE 

WYOMING 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MONTANA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

N.DAKOTA 

NEW   MEXICO 

IDAHO 

CONNECTICUT 

WASHINGTON 

UTAH 

FLORIDA 

TEXAS 

OREGON 

WISCONSIN 

VERMONT 

COLORADO 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MICHIGAN 

S   DAKOTA 

MINN  ESDI  A 

KENTUCKY 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CALIFORNIA 

MISSOURT 

KANSAS 

ARKANSAS 

OKLAHOMA 

LOUISIANA 

VIRGINIA 

TENNESSEE 

NEW  YORK 

NEBRASKA 

N.CAROLINA 

INDIANA 

OHIO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MISSISSIPPI 

ALABAMA 

IOWA 

NEW  JERSEY 

S  CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

ILLINOIS 

MARYLAND 

OISTOF  COLUMBIA 

INDIAN  TER 

DELAWARE 


3 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

60 

90 

100 

ZH 

1  1 



1  1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1    1 

1 

1 

! 

1     1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1^ 

HZ 



L_ 

~r 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

T~ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

r- 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

— 

1 

1 

! 

. 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

— r 

I  Owners 


]  Cash  tenarLts 


J  Share  tenants 


.lUSBlENftCO   LITH  NY 


I 


PKUCKN'TAOF.S   OF  THK    NTMI'.Ki?  OF  FARMS,  OK  SPKCIFIKD  TENUFJKS  :  1900 


CLAS  S I F]  E  r )  ]  J'S'  Ml  K  A 


PLATE  No.  144 


LESS  THAN     3    ACRES 

3 

TO 

10 

10 

., 

20 

20 

50 

50 

100 

100 

., 

175 

175 

260 

260 

„ 

500        „ 

500 

1000 

PER    CENT 
40  50 


1000  ACRES  ANDOVER 


1 

1         ! 

i         i         !       QM     ; 

1 

1 

ll    III       i       !       1       !l 

■ 

i 

1 

II 

1        i      1 

— \ : — 1 — 

1 

II 

'         ' 

1 . 

1 

' — r- 

!l|!                ,1 





— 1 — 







1 

III     !        i   1 

■ , 1 

— 

1 

1   II         i     1 

— i — 

1 

i     HI!  1      I 

' 

1 — 

zz 

II  1  1  1  ;    1 

1 — 

;    !  1 

III     1     M   :    I 

CLASSIFIED  BY  SOURCE  OF  INCOME 

PER    CENT 
30  40  50  60  70 


COTTON 

TOBACCO 

RICE 

HAY  AND  GRAIN 

SUGAR 

VEGETABLES 

MISCELLANEOUS 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS 

LIVE  STOCK 

FRUIT 

FLOWERS  AND  PLANTS 

NURSERY  PRODUCTS 


1       I       1       1    II  II 

1  1    1    1    1    1 

t 

1 1 1 \ 

1       1 

11 

1   i    ^    i    j 



i: 

1  1 

1     1     :  1  ! 

1 

1 

1    i 

1 

1 ' 

1 

1 ' 1 ■ 

1 ' 

1 1 

1 

II 

1 

— \ — 

\ 

!     1 

1 — \ — 1 

I  III 

'           i 

7 

I 
1 1 

i       i 

1 

W        i     1 

1 

1 

, 

i    \'    \,\ 

1 

1     !         1   Mil         1   1 

! 



! 

1 ' 

:    ;  1  i  nil  ; 

1 

' 1 

1    1    1  1  III  II 

1 

i 

!        1       :    1  ;       i       III!; 

1 

LESS  THAN 

$    1 

S       1      TO 

S    50 

$     50      „ 

$    100 

$     iOO     „ 

$   250 

$    250     „ 

$   500 

$    500    „ 

$  1000 

$  1000  „ 

$2500 

CU\SSIFIEL)  BY  INCOME 

PER    CENT 
40  50  60 


$  2500  AND  OVER 


I    1 

1 

1 

1     '  1 

., .! 

1            1 

— 



1 

M 

1     1 1 

L.     - 

1 

1     j 

1 

1 

II 

1     i    1 

. 

1 

1 

II 

1    Ii 

!         i         i 

1 

ii    i  Mii          :  1  i 

' 

'ill 

1'     '  III           1 

.    !  .     i 

i         1 

1 

1 

1     ,  MM    .       1   ;     1     1 

1        1 

1 

1 

1    Ml 

1      !       Ml       i       1 

JAPANESE 

CHINESE 

NEGRO 

WHITE 

HAWAIIAN 

INDIAN 


CLASS IFlEl)  BY  R.\CE 

PER    CENT 
40  SO  60  70 


IM        i 

1 

:     I              1 

1 

1   ill 

!          1                               1 

"j ! 

1 

!      i 

1    II  i    1    '    ;    '    i    i    1 

1 \ p , . ,  i    — 

1 — ■ — \ — 1 — ] — ■ 

1          1       III                     1          1           1          1 

11    i       II    i    1    i    :  1 

i                 1      1      1      !      1      1 

i        I        1        i        1        1        i        !    Ill        1 

^M\  Pail  (wne-i-s 

^^^1  OwiuTs  iJiiil  Icnfiuls 


Managers 

! I  Cash  tenants 

tZZ2    Sl\are  tenants 


-lULiUS   eiEN  aCO  LIXH.h 


PLATE  No.  145 


PERCENTAGES    OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  FARMS  OF  SPECIFIED  INCOMES.  1900 
CLASSIFIED  BY  ^INCIPAL  SOURCE   OF  INCOME 


HAY   AND    GRAIN 

TOBACCO 

LIVE  STOCK 

SUGAR 

FRUIT 

VEGETABLES 

DAIRY  PRODUCTS 

COTTON 

MISCELLANEOUS 

FLOWERS  AND   PLANTS 

NURSERY  PRODUCTS 

TARO 

RICE 

COFFEE 


PER     CENT 
50 


1   1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 

1 

i 

1 

1  1 

1 

1 — 

1 

1 

IIZ 

1 — 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

' — 1 

1 

1 

1  1  i  1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1     ;  i 

j 

1 

1 

TZ 

1 

n^ 

1 — p 

1 

1 



1 

IN 

.1 

1 

ii 

1 

i    I 



t 

1 

ii 

1 

1 

1" 

1 

1 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

WHITE 

NEGRO 

INDIAN 

CHINESE 

JAPANESE 

HAWAIIAN 


CLASSIFIED  BY  RACE  OF  FARMER 

PER     CENT 
10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90 


1      1      :      i 

I 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1      ;     1 

1  1 

1 J 

1 

1 1 

1      1 

! 

1 

1 

1 1 

1 

1 

1 

1   1      1    1         II       1 

1 

1 

1     i     1 

— 1 

1  1    II    :    i 

1 

1 

1 

1     i     1  1 

zr 

.     1      1      1      !    1 

IX 

III     II 

[ZZ 

CLASSIFIED  BY  TENURE 


OWNERS 

PART  OWNERS 

OWNERS  AND  TENANTS 

MANAGERS 

CASH  TENANTS 

SHARE  TENANTS 


3                        10 

20 

30 

40 

PER     CENT 

50                        60 

70 

80 

90 

10 

1      1    j         1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1      i 

1 

1 

1 

1  ;i    1 

1 

1 

1 

1     1 

1 

1 

1 

1    1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

CLASSIFIED  BY  ARF:A 


LESS  THAN      3 

3 

TO 

10 

10 

20 

20 

50 

50 

100 

100 

175 

175 

,. 

260 

260 

500 

500 

1000 

1000  ACRES  AND 

PER     CENT 
50 


Ii 

1  i 

1 

11    1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 — I — 1 
. — 1 — 1 

1 

1 

1    1  1 

.  1 

\—     '' 

— 

1 

1 

1 

1 

\ 

1 

1 — 1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

II 

1 

1 

■1 

Ji_ 

1 



1 

1 

1 

1 

M^ 

1 

1 

-^r- 

1 

1 

III 

1 

1 

1 

1 

III 

1 

1 

1 — 1 

r ' 

1 

rz 

im    ii 

1 

i     1 

1 



1 

Less  thaii  $1 


S  5(JtoS10() 


S  2S0  to  S  50O 


S  1000  toS  230O 


i  I  $U(i  »  50  I  I  tlOO   •    250  I  I  S  .-)()(>    •■      loon         |  |  8  2300  ami  over 


LIUS  BIEN  «  CO   LITH  N  > 


129*  l?7  IZ.'i*  123*  121- 


'^°  "^"  "5* 113^ ar_  i09-  107°  103-  103*  101-  99- 


PLATE  No  146 


US  aiEN  a.  CO   LITM  N  1 


PLATE  No.    147 


95"  93' 


LI  US  9IEN  «  CO   LITM 


PLATE  No^    148 


LIUS  a<EH  &  CO   LITH  N  1 


127*  125"  las'  121'  lO-  117°  115'  113*  III"  ICW  JOT"  105*  103*  101'  9$' 


PLATE  No.  149 


9S»  93*  91°  89*  «7-  OS*  63*  81' 


at    lilcT\\'flI\ll    I'l'MSUS 

1900 
Cuiiipiled  Ijv 


JULIUS  BIEN  ftCO   L1TH  N  Y 


PLATE  No.  150 


1.  NUMBKR  OFS^MNE  ON  F.\i?MSAXD  IIANGES;  1900 


IOWA 

ILLINOIS 

MISSOURI 

NEBRASKA 

INDIANA 

KANSAS 

OHIO 

TEXAS 

WISCONSIN 

TENNESSEE 

KENTUCKY 

ARKANSAS 

MINNESOTA 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 

N  CAROLINA 

MISS»S5IPP1 

MICHIGAN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

VIRGINIA 

S   DAKOTA 

LOUISIANA 

NEW   YORK 

INDIAN  TER 

S  CAROLINA 

CALIFORNIA 

OKLAHOMA 

FLORIDA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MARYLAND 

OREGON 

N.DAKOTA 

WASHINGTON 

NEW  JERSEY 

IDAHO 

COLORADO 

s/ERMONT 

MAINE 

MASSACHUSETTS 

UTAH 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


I        I 
NUMBER  OF  NEAT  CATTLE  ON  FARMS  AND  RANGES.  1900 

MILLIONS 


TEXAS 
IOWA 
KANSAS 
NEBRASKA 
ILLINOIS 
MISSOURI 
NEW   YORK 
WISCONSIN 
OHIO 

PENNSYLVANIA 
MINNESOTA 
OKLAHOMA 
INDIANA 
S   DAKOTA 
INDIAN  TER. 
CALIFORNIA 
COLORADO 
MICHIGAN 
KENTUCKY 
NEW   MEXICO 
MONTANA 
TENNESSEE 
GEORGIA 
ARKANSAS 
MISSISSIPPI 
VIRGINIA 
ALABAMA 
FLORIDA 
ARIZONA 
OREGON 
WYOMING 
LOUISIANA 
N.DAKOTA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
N  CAROLINA 
VERMONT 
WASHINGTON 
NEVADA 
IDAHO 
UTAH 

S   CAROLINA 
MAINE 
MARYLAND 
MASSACHUSETTS 
NEW  JERSEY 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
CONNECTICUT 
HAWAII 
DELAWARE 


3.  NUMBER  OF  SHP:EP  ON  FARMS  AND  RANGES:  1900 


MILLIONS 


MONTANA 
WYOMING 
NEW   MEXICO 
OHIO 
UTAH 
IDAHO 
OREGON 
MICHIGAN 
CALIFORNIA 
COLORADO 
TEXAS 
NEW   YORK 
INDIANA 
WISCONSIN 
PENNSYLVANIA 
KENTUCKY 
MISSOURI 
IOWA 
ILLINOIS 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
WASHINGTON 
ARIZONA 
NEVADA 
S   DAKOTA 
VIRGINIA 
N-DAKOTA 
MINNESOTA 
NEBRASKA 
TENNESSEE 
MAINE 
GEORGIA 
ALABAMA 
MISSISSIPPI 
N   CAROLINA 
VERMONT 
KANSAS 
ARKANSAS 
LOUISIANA 
MARYLAND 
FLORIDA 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
HAWAII 
S  CAROLINA 
OKLAHOMA 
MASSACHUSETTS  | 


4..  NUMBER  OF  HORSES  ON  FARMS 
AND  RANGES:  11)00 


MILLIONS 


IOWA 

ILLINOIS 

TEXAS 

KANSAS 

MISSOURI 

OHIO 

NEBRASKA 

INDIANA 

MINNESOTA 

NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MICHIGAN 

WISCONSIN 

S   DAKOTA 

KENTUCKY 

CALIFORNIA 

N. DAKOTA 

TENNESSEE 

MONTANA 

OKLAHOMA 

VIRGINIA 

OREGON 

ARKANSAS 

WASHINGTON 

COLORADO 

MISSISSIPPI 

INDIAN  TER. 

LOUISIANA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

IDAHO 

N   CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

MARYLAND 

WYOMING 

NEW   MEXICO 

GEORGIA 

ARIZONA 

UTAH 

MAINE 

NEW  JERSEY 

VERMONT 

NEVADA 

S.CAROLINA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

CONNECTICUT 


HEN  *  CO   LITH  h 


IT) 

6 

z 

UJ 

t- 
< 


■r     ot         lit        -2 

°   I   P  ^  ^ 


0/ 

£ 
5=5 


V  a; .    p  ^  po   ©    ^     g    -^     c  ^  S     x   -i    "5 


9  -^  O 


1.  PRODUCTION   OF    CORN:  1850  to  190() 


PLATE  No.152 


HUNDREDS    OF    MILLIONS    OF    BUSHELS 


1900 

1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 


20  22 


26  2B 


2.  PRODUCTION   OF    WHEAT  :1850   to  1900 


HUNDREDS    or    MILLIONS    OF    BUSHELS 


1900 
1890 


3.  PRODUCTION   OF   OATS:  1850  to  1900 


HUNDREDS    OF    MILLIONS    OF    BUSHELS 


4.  PRODUCTION    OF    COTTON  :  1850   to  1900 


MILLIONS   OF   COMMERCIAL    BALES 


1900 


JULIUS  BIEN  »  CO   LITH 


f 


i 


PLATE  No  153 


EN  «  CO   LITH  h 


I07"  105-  103*  101'  99* 


PLATE  No.  154 


PROnUCTIUN  OF  COllN 

PER  SOU.\Rl-;  MILK 

at  UieTwt'U'lh  ('cusiis 

lyou 


Compiled  bv 
HENHY    OAXNKTT,    OHOCRXPHEH 

_1 


JULIUS  BIEN  A  CO 


i 


PLATE  No.  155 


LIUS  BlEN  a,  CO   LITM.N.t 


109-  ICC*  t05-  J03*  101* 


PLATE  No.  156 


phoductiox  of  whkat 
persolvVremilp: 

at  tlicTu-elfth  Census; 

19  OO 

Compiled  "by 

HKNRY    OANNETT.    GEOGRAPHER 


LIUS  B1EN  S  CO   LITM  N   1 


JOS'  t07'  105- 


lor  »• 


PLATE  No  157 


US  eiCN  ftCO   LITH  N  t 


PLATE  No    158 


PR()Dr("riox  OF  o.vi's 

PER  SOr.^RE  MU.K 

at  theTwelfth  Census 

1900 

Compiled  by 

HEXHV  g.\m.n;ett.  GEOGRAPHEH 


LIUS  BiEN  a  CO  LITM  N  > 


J^' ^^  IZS"  123'  121-  119'  in-  IIS"  I13'  HI-  109-  |07-  105' 


103*  lOV 


PLATE  No,  159 


^mL 


YIELD    OF  OAm 

PER  ACliE  "^ 


PER  ACliE  "^ 
-  IheTwelt'th  Cf-usus 

lyoo 


9S- 


at 

Compiled  bv 
HELNRY   GANXETT.    GEOGRAPHER 

L 1 L  I 


JULiUS  BIEN  «  CO.LtTM  N  -r 


PLATE  No.  160 


PRODlTCTrON  OF  RYE 

PF.R  SOr.M^E  MILE 

al  IheTweU'th  Census 
iy(JO 

Compiled  bv 
HENRY    GANNETT.    GgOGRAPHEK 

_L_..    ..  !       , , 


UUSBlENIiCO   L'TNN-T 


129*  127*  126- 


121°  H9°  117'  115" 


111-  109°  107°  105-  103-  lOr  39* 


7%*»  absence  of  color  indicates  the  unsettUil  ortfa.    i  ij;  >:'  -.n.-y       .-       ,?     i 


PLATE  No^  161 


96-  93-  ai*  83"  67°  85*  83-  61*  79°  77'  75* 


LIUS  SlEN  &  CO   LITM  N  Y 


PLATE  No  162 


PRODUCTION  OV  HAY  AND  FORAtIK 

PKR  SOU/\Rb:  MILE 

al  thpTwcIl'Lli  (V'usvis 
I'JOO 
(JoniipiLcd  bv 
C..\NNETT,    GH0GR.\PHI-:H 

1 I : 


HKNHY 


JULIUS  BIEN  &  CO   L 


PLATE  No.!63 


1.    PHODIK'TION    OF  WHEAT:  »9(K) 


MILLIONS  OF  BUSHELS 


MINNESOTA 

N.DAKOTA 

OHIO 

S  DAKOTA 

KANSAS 

CALIFORNIA 

INDIANA 

NEBRASKA 

MISSOURI 

iOWA 

WASHINGTON 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MICHIGAN 

ILLINOIS 

OKLAHOMA 

OREGON 

KENTUCKY 

TEXAS 

TENNESSEE 

NEW  YORK 

MARYLAND 

WISCONSIN 

VIRGINIA 

COLORADO 

IDAHO 

N  CAROLINA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

UTAH 

ARKANSAS 

INDIAN  TER 

NEW  JERSEY 

MONTANA 

DELAWARE 

GEORGIA 

S.CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

NEW   MEXICO 

NEVADA 


■ 
■ 
I 
I 

I 


2.  PRODUCTION    OF  CORN:  1900 


MILLIONS  OF  BUSHELS 
160  200  240 


ILLINOIS 

IOWA 

KANSAS 

NEBRASKA 

MISSOURI 

INDIANA 

OHIO 

TEXAS 

KENTUCKY 

TENNESSEE 

WISCONSIN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MINNESOTA 

MICHIGAN 

ARKANSAS 

MISSISSIPPI 

OKLAHOMA 

VIRGINIA 

ALABAMA 

N.CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

S   DAKOTA 

INDIAN  TER 

LOUISIANA 

NEW  YORK 

MARYLAND 

S  CAROLINA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

FLORIDA 

DELAWARE 

VERMONT 

CONNECTICUT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

CALIFORNIA 

N  DAKOTA 

COLORADO 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

NEW  MEXICO 

MAINE 


LIU5  Biefl  S  CO   L 


PLATE  Nc' 


1.  PRODUCTION    OF   OATS:iOO() 


MILLIONS       OF       auSHELS 


160  ISO 


ILLINOIS 

IOWA 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

NEBRASKA 

OHIO 

NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MICHIGAN 

INDIANA 

KANSAS 

TEXAS 

N.DAKOTA 

MrSSOURI 

S  DAKOTA 

OREGON 

WASHINGTON 

OKLAHOMA 

CALIFORNIA 

MONTANA 

INDIAN  TER. 

KENTUCKY 

ARKANSAS 

MAINE 

VIRGINIA 

GEORGIA 

COLORADO 

VERMONT 

TENNESSEE 

S.CAROLINA 

N.CAROLINA 

IDAHO 

ALABAMA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

UTAH 

MARYLAND 

MISSISSIPPI 

WYOMING 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


2.  PRODUCTION    OF   RMitlftOO 


I  LLIO  NS 
2 


BUSMGLS 
3 


WISCONSIN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW   YORK 

MICHIGAN 

NEBRASKA 

MINNESOTA 

IOWA 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  JERSEY 

KANSAS 

INDIANA. 

CALIFORNIA 

S.DAKOTA 

N-DAKOTA 

MARYLAND 

OHIO 

VIRGINIA 

MISSOURI 

CONNECTICUT 

KENTUCKY 

N.CAROLINA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

OREGON 

TENNESSEE 

MASSACHUSETTS  ^ 

GEORGIA 

WASHINGTON 

TEXAS 

OKLAHOMA 


3.  PRODUCTION   OF  HiVRLEY :  1900 


CALIFORNIA 

MINNESOTA 

WISCONSIN 

IOWA 

S  DAKOTA 

N.DAKOTA 

WASHINGTON 

NEW  YORK 

NEBRASKA 

OREGON 

KANSAS 
MICHIGAN 

OHIO 

IDAHO 

MONTANA 

ILLINOIS 

COLORADO 

ARIZONA 

VERMONT 

OKLAHOMA 

INDIANA 

MAINE 

UTAH 

NEVADA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

TEXAS 


MILLIONS       OF       BUSHELS 
6  12  16 


4.  PRODUCTION    OF   1 !  UC KWHEAT :  lOOO 


M 

LLlONS       OF       BUSHELS 

0 

2 

4 

MICHIGAN 

WISCONSIN 

■1 

MAINE 

!■ 

WEST   VIRGINIA 

VIRGINIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

■ 

VERMONT 

OHIO 

IOWA 

MARYLAND 

INDIANA 

MINNESOTA 

1 

ILLINOIS 

1 

CONNECTICUT 

N.CAROLINA 

NtW  HAMPSHIRE 

1 

PLATE  No   165 


/- 


^rf 


"'x^i'TTv""'^!  ,w^iljtes!3_-4  -sss^F^"'..  Jfe.'" 


us  31EM  a  CO   uITh 


PLATE  No   166 


.o.Or'tsaO^  p^„ 


A3- 


(^     '<_    hi,. 


,-'-^ 


YIELD    OF    COTTON 
PER  ACRE 

at'theTwelftli  Census 

19C)0 

CompLled  bv 

HENRV   GANXETT.    GEOGRAPHER 


JULIUS  BL£N   A   OJ 


PLATE  No    167 


PLATE  No.  168 


PRODUCTION    OF  COTTON:  lOOO 


TEXAS 

MISSISSIPPI 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 

S.CAROLINA 

ARKANSAS 

LOUISIANA 

N  CAROLINA 

TENNESSEE 

INDIAN  TER 

OKLAHOMA 

FLORIDA 

MISSOURI 

VIRGINIA 


) 

2 

« 

HUNDREDS  OF 
£                           8                          10 

THOUSANDS  OF    BALES  (500  POUND) 

12                          11-                        1€                          18 

20 

22 

2 

4 

26 

^^2 

IZ^I 

^^~ 

^^^^^ 

^^2 

^^" 

^^^ 

^^? 

^^^ 

^m 

■ 

1 

PRODUCTION   OF   TOBACCO  :  190() 


KENTUCKY 

N  CAROLINA 

VIRGINIA 

OH  TO 

TENNESSEE 

WISCONSIN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MARYLAND 

S  CAROLINA 

CONNECTICUT 


MILLIONS   OF   POUNDS 
120  <^  200 


260 


PRODUCTION  OF   POTATOES  :  1900 


NEW  YORK 
WISCONSIN 
MICHIGAN 
PENNSYLVANIA 


MILLIONS  OF  BUSHELS 

18  24-  30 


PRODUCTION   OF   SWEET  POTAl'OES:  1900 


MILLIONS   OF   BUSHELS 


N.CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

VIRGINIA 

ALABAMA 

S.CAROLINA 

TEXAS 


PRODUCTION  OF  ONIONS  :i9O0 


NEW  YORK 


MICHIGAN 
MASSACHUSETTS 


0  2 


MILLIONS   OF  BUSHELS 


JUUUS  BIEN  »CO   liTm  ^ 


PLATE  No 


1.    AVEI^\GE    YIF.LD   PEF^  ACRf-:   OF  C'OJ?N  :  1900 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

CONNECTICUT 

INDIANA 

OHIO 

MASSACHUSETTS 

IOWA 

tLLlNOIS 

MAINE 

VERMONT 

NEW  JERSEY 

HAWAII 

WISCONSIN 

RHODE   ISLAND 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MINNESOTA 

DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

NEW  YORK 

MARYLAND 

MICHIGAN 

OKLAHOMA 

NEBRASKA 

MISSOURI 

KANSAS 

CALIFORNIA 

S.DAKOTA 

INDIAN  TER 

NEVADA 

DELAWARE 

IDAHO 

MONTANA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

KENTUCKY 

TEXAS 

UTAH 

OREGON 

WASHINGTON 

N.DAKOTA 

TENNESSEE 

VIRGINIA 

WYOMING 

ARKANSAS 

ARIZONA 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

NEW   MEXICO 

COLORADO 

ALABAMA 

N.CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

S, CAROLINA 

FLORIDA 


2.  AVERAGE   YIELD  PER  ACRE  OF  OATS.IOOO 


WASHINGTON 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

OHIO 

VERMONT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

IOWA 

MICHIGAN 

WISCONSIN 

MONTANA 

MAINE 

INDIANA 

MINNESOTA 

UTAH 

OKLAHOMA 

CALIFORNIA 

CONNECTICUT 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEVADA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

NEW  YORK 

IDAHO 

NEBRASKA 

TEXAS 

WYOMING 

N.DAKOTA 

S   DAKOTA 

INDIAN  TER 

KANSAS 

ARIZONA 

OREGON 

COLORADO 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

MISSOURI 

NEW   MEXICO 

NEW  JERSEY 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

OlSTOF  COLUMBIA 

ARKANSAS 

KENTUCKY 

S  CAROLINA 

VIRGINIA 

TENNESSEE 

LOUISIANA 

MISSISSIPPI 

GEORGIA 

FLORIDA 

N  CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 


PLATE  No.  170 


L  A\^RAGE   ^lELD  PER  ACRE  OF  WHEAT:  1900 


BUSHELS 


NEVADA 

DtST.  or  COLUMBIA 

CONNECTICUT 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MONTANA 

IDAHO 

WASHINGTON 

VERMONT 

COLORADO 

NEW  YORK 

MASSACHUSETTS 

ARIZONA 

UTAH 

WYOMING 

MAINE 

OREGON 

WISCONSIN 

NEW  MEXICO 

DELAWARE 

OHIO 

MARYLAND 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE     ! 

MINNESOTA 

NEW  JERSEY 

OKLAHOMA 

CALIFORNIA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

IOWA 

N.DAKOTA 

INDIANA 

TEXAS 

MISSOURI 

LOUISIANA 

ILLINOIS 

MICHIGAN 

S  DAKOTA 

KANSAS 

KENTUCKY 

NEBRASKA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

VIRGINIA 

FLORIDA 

INDIAN  TER. 

TENNESSEE 

ARKANSAS 

MISSISSIPPI 

N.CAROLINA 

S.CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 


2.  AVERAGE  ^lELD  PER  ACRE 
OF  BUCKWHEAT:  lOOO 


BUSHELS 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

CALIFORNIA 

VERMONT 

WASHINGTON 

WYOMING 

MONTANA 

MAINE 

CONNECTICUT 

OREGON 

MASSACHUSETTS 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

UTAH 

DELAWARE 

MARYLAND 

RHODE  ISLAND 

IDAHO 

NEW  YORK 

OKLAHOMA 

VIRGINIA 

OHIO 

WEST  VIRGIN!* 

MINNESOTA 

WISCONSIN 

NEW   MEXICO 

S. DAKOTA 

INDIANA 

IOWA 

MICHIGAN 

ILLINOIS 

KENTUCKY 

N.CAROLINA 

N.DAKOTA 

NEBRASKA 

COLORADO 

TEXAS 

ARKANSAS 

KANSAS 

MISSOURI 

ALABAMA 

TENNESSEE 

GEORGIA 

S.CAROLINA 


iH^ 


ff 


3.  AVERAGE  YIELD  PER  ACRE  OF  COTTON:  1900 


500    POUND  SALES 


KENTUCKY 

MISSOURI 

LOUISIANA 

MISSISSIPPI 

ARKANSAS 

N.CAROLINA 

S-CAROLINA 

VIRGINIA 

TENNESSEE 

TEXAS 

GEORGIA 

INDIAN  TER 

ALABAMA 

OKLAHOMA 

FLORIDA 


0 

1 

ij 

p 

P- 

2 

Is 

!= 

■ 

rT= 

■ 

■  — , 

^^  ^^ 

_ .  1 

^ 

3/5 


uVote.' States  and  territories  producing  less 
than  JOO  baZes,  tzre  not  shown 


us  BICN  ACO   LITH 


PLATE  No.  I 


1.  AVERAGE  YIELD  PER  ACRE  OF  BARLEY  :  1900 


MONTANA 
WISCONSIN 

ILLINOIS 

NEVADA 

VERMONT 

OHIO 

WASHINGTON 

IDAHO 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

UTAH 

IOWA 

MAINE 

ARIZONA 

MARYLAND 

MINNESOTA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

INDIANA 

NEW   YORK 

MICHIGAN 

OREGON 

CONNECTICUT 

CALIFORNIA 

COLORADO 

WYOMING 

MASSACHUSETTS 

N.DAKOTA 
S   DAKOTA 

NEBRASKA 

NEW   MEXICO 

OKLAHOMA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

INDIAN  TER 

VIRGINIA 

KENTUCKY 

TEXAS 

MISSOURI 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

TENNESSEE 

DELAWARE 

KANSAS 

FLORIDA 

S  CAROLINA 

MISSISSIPPI 

ARKANSAS 

N  CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

LOUISIANA 

GEORGIA 


I 


2.  AVERAGE  YIELD  PER  ACRE 
OF  RYE:  19 GO 


NEW   MEXICO 
CONNECTICUT 
MONTANA 
NEVADA 
MINNESOTA 
WYOMING 
MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
OHIO 

WASHINGTON 
WISCONSIN 
VERMONT 
ILLINOIS 
NEW  YORK 
DIST. OF  COLUMBIA 
IOWA 

MASSACHUSETTS 
N. DAKOTA 
INDIANA 
RHODE  ISLAND 
MARYLAND 
ARIZONA 
IDAHO 

PENNSYLVANIA 
COLORADO 
MICHIGAN 
NEW  JERSEY 
OKLAHOMA 
S  DAKOTA 
DELAWARE 
OREGON 
TEXAS 
NEBRASKA 
MISSOURI 
KANSAS 
UTAH 

MISSISSIPPI 
KENTUCKY 
CALIFORNIA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
VIRGINIA 
INDIAN  TER 
LOUISIANA 
ARKANSAS 
ALABAMA 
TENNESSEE 
FLORIDA 
N  CAROLINA 
S.CAROLINA 
GEORGIA 


20  25 


JULlOS  OIEN  *  CO.LITM 


PLATE  No  172 


PPx-ODUCTlON  PER  CAPITA  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CRdHS  ;  \m)0 


l.CORN 

BUSHELS  JPKVi  CAPIT/V 


;  i 


'/f    A 


j-TT ^MINN. 


ANS  1       MO     \ 


Lr..^--J 


"[oKLA  pi  r 


V 


^ 


LessQumS  5tol0  lUto23  L'.'.luoO         ."iCJnmliiver 


2.  WHEAT 

BUSHELS  J>EE.  CAPITA 


r^X 


"'••^   ,' 


;....f4^;s;.,,c4 


\-\ 


-,^/  ""  :         ]  3,0.,   •     Ww,s7,  A    i  -  -^ 


--      N'^ 


\ 


^  ■; ^p-     «t     i 


I  I 


2]  BPtS^W 


LessQiaiio  oto  10  IDtul'.' 


'iLuolJ         r»i>itmluver 


3.  OATS 

BUSHELS  J>ER  CAPll'A 


4 .  BARl-p;  Y 

BUSHELS  1>ER  CAPI'rA 


r- 


N.DAK.    i  /      /; 


.■='''\        / 


)'  ..„ 


,  MANS  I       MO      (  .    _^  X-.-  i* 

~T--^o«i7jir1r — Y"""t-'-'c  Vv 


i"0tJ   .,,.,'■ -1' 


.L.    ■'     "V 


^-'~\ 


^-=vS? 


I       I 


3  IF?^ 


Lessftmii5  otolO  10lo2o  Ll'jldon         "jljamlover 


I  I 


Lessthim  3  oto  10  lOToZS 


5.('()TT(CT 

POUNDS    P£H   CAPITA 


'0  I __ 

i         NEBB 


^LM 


6.  ■r(3BACCO 

IHIUNIJS  P£R   CAPITA 


I 1 


c 


LeasOiimllin      100tu30l)        200to300        yU0tu400    400a-iidovHr 


Less  than  1  ItolO 


1=1  1  I 

lUtoSO  50  Mid  over 


ULCUS  alEN  &  CO  LITH  ^ 


PLATE  No  173 


1.  PRODUCTION  OF  POTATOES  PER  SQU.\RE  MILK  :  1900 


LessthaiilObushpls       10  tulOO  bushels  lOOtoSOObushels        SOOliushels  and  over 

persqmile  per  sq  mile  per  sq.  mile  persq.iiiile 

T?xe ojb'9enceor co^orir/fiicatrs  fhf' unsettled  area. 


2.  PRODUCTION  OF  S\VEI-;T  POTATOES  PER  SQUARE  MILE  :  1900 


LessUiaiilObushels       lOlolOO  bushels  100  to200  bushels       20Ubushelsandover 

persqmile  persqmile  persqmile  persqmile 

The atisencenf  colorindfcatcs  theitnsetfled  area 


JULIUS  aiE»<  *  CO  LtTM.N  t 


PLATE  No,  174 


l.APPIiRS 

PRINCIPAI.KEGJONS  OP"  PRODUCTION  ;  1900 


2.pp::ars 

PRINC1P.\L  REGIONS  OF  PRODUCTION  :  1900 


UU5  aiEN  ACO  L 


PLATE  No  175 


1.  CHERRIP;s 

PRINCn^AL  RKDIONS   01-'  PHODUCriUN  :  lyOO 


2.GR.\PES 
PRINCIPAL  REGIONS  OF  PUODUCriON  :  I90() 


JULIUS  BIEN  *  CO.LfTM  N  Y 


PLATE  No    176 


1.  I'FACHKS  AND  NECT/JJINKS 
FKINCIIVU- REGIONS  OF  PRODUCTION  :  190U 


2.APUIC()TS 
PRINCIPAL.  RKGK^NS  OF  PROnUCTION  :  1900 


JUtlUS  BIET*  »C 


PLATE  No.  177 


1.  PLUMS  AND  PRUNES 
PKINCIP-M.  REGIONS  OF  PRODUCTION  :  1900 


2.  FIGS 
PRINCIPAL,  REGIONS  OK  PRODUCTrON  :  I900 


JULIUS  BIEN  4  CO  l_l"M  N  Y 


PLATE  No  178 


1.HKI.ATIVK  Sr/K  OKTIIK  KMONKX  AUll)  STATES  ANl ) 'ri<'.I  M  tlTOl  !1 1-:  S  WITH  I'UOI'OKTION  IN 
I'l'ULIC  I.AX)),1'U1VATK  (AVN}-:KS1  lllMAltM  AUKA,IMP1U)\'1'.1)  LA.ND.VM)  IHKIC.A'I'l'.l)  ACRKACE:  l»l)'.> 


CALIFORNIA 
COLORADO 

IDAHO 
MONTANA 

NEVADA 
NEW   MEXICO 
OREGON 
UTAH 
WASHINGTON 


3 

Ml  LLIONS     OF    ACRES 
0                             20                               30                              40                               50                              60                                70.                             flO                               90                             I0( 

immmmmmm 

\           1 

:r 

1 

■ =illlMlliillll 

11 1 1 1 1 1 1  M  1 1 1 1  K>C«X^X>W;-X«W.<'»>.\V5<>.i  ' 

~i  1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 M  n 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1  i  1 1  ft- 

,xX>?A<A-.^.'^.-.V.'.\WWv.- 

Mlllillllllllll 

m^mM 

1 

niiiKvSSi^a 

i 

— 1 

HJllkSxxXw;;! ,                       1 

1 

illlllllilllilllllilK.                   '      ..v,-.vv^ 

b 

IIIIK%J$^'^ 

illllltlllitv-:  •  • .         .■.* 

m 

1 

—  illllilli'  "  ■-■■■■■■•■'■•■-.--■"■- 

■'■•C'JWJM 

1 

— INIIIIh.iir.  -■,.■■■.■.■...■ 

■  ■'.SSVTOt 

J 

mWWMi 

Z] 

^llllilllfc 

&-.wmm 

m-mmsi 

53 

Z] 

l[^i^^ 

'//M 

z^ 

Irri^ntpd  Area        t^~!  imnfovcd  .Aj-en 


I  Farm  Area 


Private  ()vvnor'shi|)  i       j  I'lilihr  l,;ind 


2.  COMPARISON  Ol-^M'Ml^KH  OFIHKKIA'I'OIIS  .\M)  AHI-:A  IIUilCA'I'i;! ) :  IHDM  AND  IHHit 
IRRIGATOV^S  AHKAIHlUC.A'i'KI) 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS  OF    ACRES 


laOOO  20,000  30.000         0 


f 


sa 


10 

T  "         ' 


12  K 


3. COMPARISON  OFVALL'K  OF  CROPS  AND 
COST  OF  IHHIC.ATION  CONSTRL^CTIOX:  1809 


^ 


ARIZONA 

CALIFORNIA 

t-OLORADO  yj 

IDAHO  ^ 

MONTANA  [^ 

NeVADA 

NEW   MEXICO 

OREGON 

UTAH 

WASHINGTON       |f 

WYOMING 


Mil  LIONS   OF  DOLLARS 
15         20  25  30 


1       I  VaUiP  ol*  Crops 

HI    Cosi  of  Imgalion  Construcuon 


4.AVl^:aAt'.K  AHKA    OK  IHUKiATKl)  I-\Nn 
ON   KAliMS:  iav)n  ANO  \k\•tV^ 


ACRES 
20  +0  60  flO  100         1^0  14  0         160  150  ZOO         ^20         g»0       ?gO 


UNITED  STATES 

ARIZONA 

CALIFORNIA 
COLORADO 
IDAHO 
MONTANA 
NEVADA 
NEW   MEXICO 
OREGON 
UTAH 

WASHINGTON 
WYOMING 
SUe-HUMID  STATES 


^ 

t — — — ^— ' 

1 

m 

— 

■ 

— ' 

^" 

■     !     1 

— \ — 

1     1 

1699                 isas 

i 


Sub-humid    S^a^€S   are   Ka  n  s   Nebr    N  .  Dak,  Okl  a  ,  S  Dak  ,  and   Texas 


us  BIENftcC  I 


PLATE  No  178 


1.  HI-;  I. ATI  VK  siZK  OF  'I'l  I K  i':i,i':\i-;x  AKii)  s'1-.vrKS  AND  'ri-'.iM{ri(>i!n-;s  WITH  puoportion  in 

ITHLIC  I.ANl).l>mVATK  ()\VNi;i;si  IIIM'AliM  AUKA.IMlMU)\'i;i)  I.AND.Vsl)  lUlflCA'I'l'.l)  ACRKAOR  :lii'J',> 


MILLIONS     OF    ACRES 


CALIFORNIA 


IDAHO 

CO 

E 

\\m^<-:' 

1 

MONTANA 

W 

III  I'll' 

r 

NEVADA 

IJ! 

Wm-:-::. 

NEW   MEX 

1! 

OREGON 

1 

UTAH 

1 

WASHINGTON 


Irri^iriled  Area 


)m|>('o\i'd  .\i*ea 


1  Fai-nn  Area 


Saa  I', 


I'ivaie  Ownership  1 i  Pnbhn  l.aml 


.rOMPAMlSON  OI-'  NTaMI'^KI^  OK  IHRKiATORS  .\M  )  MiKA  II  U '.  ICATI-;!) :  IHOM  AM)  IHH^) 

IRRIGATOHS  ahi-:a  n^i{U'.Avn:i) 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS   OF    ACRES 

8 


3. COMPARISON  OFVAIA'K  OF  CHOPS  .'Wl) 
COSTOFIHHIOATION  (\)NSTHCCTION :  1899 


■l.AVl''.HAC.K  AHKA   OFIKUIC.ATKn  L.Vs'l) 
ON   FAHMS:m99  AND  18H9 


MIILIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
10  15  20  25  30  35 


I 


I       1  V'alup  oT  Crops 

IB    Gosi  of  IfTiQaliun  Construciion 


UNITED   STATES 

ARIZONA 

CALIFORNIA 
COLORADO 
IDAHO 
MONTANA 
NEVADA 
NEW   MEXICO 
OREGON 
UTAH 

WASHINGTON 
WYOMING 
SUe-HUMIO  STATES 


less 


Sub-humid    5^a^e5   are   Kans   Nebr    N   DaU    Okl  a  ,  S  Dak ,  and  Texas- 

JUHUS  aiEN  ACC  L 


MANUFACTURES. 


t«i) 


MANUFACTURES. 


The  returns  of  iiiaimfacture.s  for  the  censuses  prior 
to  1850  were  too  defective  to  be  considered  as  repre- 
senting the  true  status  of  the  industry,  and  no  compari- 
sons, therefore,  are  made  foi'  the  early  decades.  The 
development  of  manufactures  from  1850  to  li*00,  as 
measured  by  the  increase  in  capital  invested,  average 
number  of  wage-earners,  and  value  of  products  is  repre- 
sented by  a  series  of  diagrams  on  Plati^  ISO. 

CvriTAL  Inve.sted. 

The  capital  invested  in  manufactures  in  185(1,  when 
reliable  data  were  first  obtained,  was  $533,245,351. 
Fifty  years  later,  in  1900,  the  capital  invested  was  re- 
ported as  f»,8-J-6,tj28,5t')l:,  an  increase  of  19,313,3X3,213, 
or  nearly  seventeen  and  one-half  times  the  amount 
invested  in  1850. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  ISO,  represents,  by  the  length  of 
the  bars,  the  capital  invested  in  manufactures  at  each 
census  from  1850  to  1900,  and  shows  the  tremendous 
growth  from  cen.sus  to  census,  the  greatest  increase 
noted,  133.9  per  cent,  being  from  1880  to  1890. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  181,  represents  the  capital  invested 
in  each  state  and  territory  in  1900.  New  York  is 
tirst.  with  $1,651,210,2-20;  Pennsylvania  second,  with 
$1,551,54-8,712;  Massachusetts  and  Illinois  following 
with  over  $775,000,000  each.  Nevada  reported  the 
smallest  amount  of  capital  invested  in  manufactures. 
The  combined  capital  of  the  first  six  states  shown  on 
the  diagram — New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Massachusetts, 
Illinois,  Ohio,  and  New  Jersey — was  $5,911,469,165,  or 
60.0  per  cent  of  the  total  amount  reported. 

Diagram  2  on  Plate  181  shows  the  capital  invested  by 
state  groups  in  percentages  of  the  total  investment  in 
1900.  The  Middle  states  had  the  largest  proportion, 
40.2  per  cent  of  the  total  amount  invested;  tiie  Central 
states  ranking  second,  with  28.0  per  cent;  the  New 
England  states  third,  with  16.2  per  cent;  the  Southern 
states  fourth,  with  9.7  per  cent;  the  Pacific  and  "West- 
ern states  following  in  ordei-  with  about  3  per  cent  each. 

The  state  groups  or  geographical  divisions  referred 
to  in  the  discussion  of  manufactures,  and  represented  in 
diagram  2,  Plate  181,  and  diagram  2,  Plate  182,  are 
made  up  as  follows: 

New  England  states — Maine,  New  Hampshii-c.  Xw- 
mont,   Massachusetts,    Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut. 


^liddl(>  states — New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylva- 
nia. Delaware,  Maryland,  and  District  of  Columbia. 

Southern  states — Virginia;  West  Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  South  Carolina,  (ieorgia,  Florida.  Kentucky. 
Teimcssee,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Arkansas,  Louisiana, 
Indian  Territory,  Oklahoma,  and  Texas. 

C(MitraI  states — Ohio,  Michigan.  Indiana.  Illinois. 
Wisconsin.  Minnesota,  Iowa,  and  Missouri. 

Western  states — Montana,  Idaho,  Wyoming,  North 
Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  Utah,  Colo- 
rado, Kansas.  Arizona,  and  New  ^Mexico. 

Pacific  states — Washington,  Oregon,  and  California. 

AvEKA<!E  Number  ok  Wa(;e-eakxers. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  l8ii,  represents  the  a\erage  number 
of  wage-earners  employed  at  each  census  from  1850  to 
190(1,  and  shows  a  large  increase  during  each  decade. 
They  have  not,  however,  increased  as  rapidly  as  either 
the  capital  invested  or  the  value  of  products,  due  in  part 
to  the  concentration  of  industries  and  to  the  increased 
use  of  improved  machinery,  which  has  enabled  the 
manufactui'er  to  increase  the  average  output  to  each 
wage-earner. 

Diagram  4,  Plate  180,  represents  the  proportion  of 
the  average  number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  man- 
ufactures to  the  aggregate  population  at  each  census 
from  1850  to  1900,  and  indicates  that  the  proportion  of 
wage-earners  to  population  has  increased  during  each 
decade,  the  greatest  increases  noted  being  fi-om  ls60  to 
187(1  and  1880  to  1S90. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  182,  represents  the  average  number 
of  wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures  in  190(>.  b\' 
states  and  territories.  New  York  is  first,  with  an 
average  of  849,056;  Pennsylvania  second,  with  733,834; 
Massachusetts  third,  with  497.448:  and  Illinois  fourth, 
with  395.110;  Nevada  showing  the  smallest  average 
number  of  wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures, 
601.  The  states  in  this  diagram  follow  almost  the  same 
order  as  for  capital  invested,  diagram  1,  Plate  ISl. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  182,  shows  the  average  number  of 
wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures  in  1900,  In- 
state groups,  in  percentages  of  the  total  number 
emploj-ed.  The  ^Middle  states  lead,  with  37.3  per  cent 
of  the  total  number  employed,  followed  by  the  Central 
states,  w-ith    27.7   per  cent;  the   New  England  states, 

(83) 


84 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


with  17.8  percent;  the  Southern  state.s.  with  12.;i  pei- 
cent:  the  Pacific  states,  with  -2.7  per  cent:  and  the 
Western  states,  with  2. '2  per  cent. 

Plate  1S3  represents  the  proportion  of  average  num- 
ber of  wage-earners  employed  in  manufactures  to  total 
population  in  I'.IUO,  l)y  states,  and  is  of  interest  in  show- 
ing the  propoi'tion  of  the  population  in  each  state  em- 
ployed in  this  branch  of  industry.  Rhode  Island,  with 
23.1  per  cent,  or  over  one-tifth  of  its  total  population 
engaged  in  mainifactures,  is  first;  Connecticut,  witli 
19.5  per  cent,  second;  Massachusetts,  with  17.7  per 
cent,  third;  New  Hampshire,  with  17.1  per  cent,  fourth; 
and  New  Jersey,  with  12.8  per  cent,  fifth.  Delaware, 
New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  Maine  follow  in  order, 
each  with  over  10  per  cent.  The  remaining  states  shown 
on  the  diagram  reported  less  than  lo  per  cent  of  their 
population  employed  in  manufactures.  North  Dakota, 
with  less  than  1  per  cent,  having  the  lowest  percentage. 

Value  of  Products. 

Diagram  3,  Plate  ISO,  shows,  by  the  length  of  the  bars, 
the  value  of  products  at  each  census  from  18.50  to  1900. 
the  black  portion  of  the  bar  representing  the  cost  of 
materials.  The  value  of  products  has  advanced  from 
$1,019,106,61(;  in  18.50  to  $13,039,279,566  in  litOO,  a 
proportional  increase  imich  less  than  that  shown  for 
capital  invested.  The  greatest  increase  reported  for  a 
single  decade  was  $4,002,858,092,  or  74.6  percent,  from 
1880  to  1890,  the  increase  from  1890  to  19(i(»  being 
13,666,842,283,  or  39.1  per  cent. 

Plate  184  represents  the  value  of  products  of  manu- 
factures, by  states  and  territories,  from  1850  to  1900, 
at  each  census  for  which  these  values  could  be  obtained, 
arranged  in  the  order  of  the  value  of  products  of  the 
specified  states  in  I'.iOO.  New  Yoi-k  is  first,  with 
$2,175,726,900,  over  $340,000,000  more  than  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  second  state  in  order.  The  diagram  shows 
very  eti'cctively  the  great  increase  in  nearly  every  state, 
fi'om  census  to  census,  and  the  enormous  value  of  the 
products  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania  as  compared 
with  Utah,  South  Dakota,  North  Dakota,  and  other 
states. 

Plate  185  is  a  map  showing  the  value  of  products  of 
manufactures  per  square  mile  at  the  Twelfth  Census, 
prepared  l)y  dividing  the  value  of  the  gioss  product  in 
each  county  ])y  its  land  area.  The  counties  were  then 
gi-ou])ed  act-ording  to  the  value  of  tiieir  products  in  six 
divisions.  Those  counties  ha\ing  jjroducts  valued  at 
less  than  $1,000  per  square  mile  were  left  uncolored, 
and  th(>  counties  in  tlie  five  iiigiier  divisions  were  shaded 
to  agree  with  tlie  legend.  Tiic  licaxiest  sliade  (v),  indi- 
cating those  counties  in  whiih  the  products  of  manu- 
factures were  SlU(l,()n(i  and  uvn  per  si|Uiire  mile,  is 
found  i)rincipally  in  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Rhode 
Island,  southern  .\cw  York,  New  Jersey,  and  I'cmisyl- 
vania,  and  mai'ks  the  regions  wiiere  manufactures  was 
the  most  unportiuit  industry.     Shades  iii  and  iv.  indi- 


cating values  of  products  from  Slo.ooo  to  S2o,000 
and  from  $25,000  to  $100,000  per  scjuare  mile,  are 
found  principally  in  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  ^Michigan,  Wisconsin,  INIinnesota,  and  Iowa. 
The  location  of  an  important  city  in  nearly  every  por- 
tion of  the  countr\-  is  marked  by  the  dark  patch  of  color 
representing  its  manufactures  and  covering  the  county 
in  which  it  is  located.  As  similar  maps  have  not  been 
prepared  for  previous  censuses,  it  is  impossible  to  com- 
pare what  might  be  termed  the  advance  of  the  frontier 
line  of  manufactures,  but,  as  estimated  Ijy  the  move- 
ment of  the  centei'  of  manufactures,  this  line  has  evi- 
dently progressed  south  and  west,  since  1850,  from  its 
early  home  in  the  New  England  and  Middle  states.  A 
comparison  of  this  map  with  Plate  13,  representing 
the  density  of  population  per  square  mile  in  1900, 
brings  out  the  fact  that  the  most  densely  populated 
areas  show  the  greatest  value  of  products  of  manufac- 
tures per  square  mile. 

Plate  186  repi'esents  the  value  of  products  in  seven- 
teen states  leading  in  manufactures,  from  1870  to  1900, 
their  position,  and  the  changes  in  rank  which  have 
taken  place  duiing  the  difi'erent  decades.  New  York 
has  been  first  since  1870.  and  Penn.sylvania  second. 
Massachusetts,  fourth  in  liMH),  was  third  in  1870  and 
1880,  but  in  1890  was  displaced  by  Illinois,  which  in 
1870  was  sixth,  advancing  to  fourth  place  in  1880  and 
third  in  1890.  Ohio,  fourth  in  1870,  was  fifth  in  1880, 
which  position  it  retained  in  1900.  Missouri,  fifth  in 
1870,  fell  to  eighth  place  in  1880,  but  advanced  to 
seventh  in  1890,  which  position  it  still  held  in  1900. 
New -Jersey,  seventh  in  1870,  advanced  to  .sixth  in  1880, 
and  retained  this  position  in  1900.  Connecticut,  eighth 
in  1870,  advanced  to  seventh  place  in  188o,  dropped  to 
tenth  in  1890,  and  to  eleventh  in  1900.  The  remaining 
states  also  show  great  changes  in  rank  from  census  to 
census. 

Plate  187  represents,  by  the  black  and  the  white 
bars,  the  value  of  products  of  manufactures  and  agri- 
culture per  capita  of  the  population  in  1900,  arranged 
in  the  order  of  the  i)er  capita  value  of  products  of  manu- 
factures, and  brings  out  clearly  the  relative  value  of 
products  of  these  two  industries,  by  states  and  territories. 
Rhode  Island  is  first,  with  the  greatest  per  capita  value 
of  manufactures,  Connecticut,  Massachusetts,  New 
Jersey,  and  New  York  following  in  order.  It  will  be 
noted  that  generally  the  state  with  a  large  per  capita 
value  of  manufactures  had  a  small  per  capita  value  of 
agriculture.  Only  fifteen  states  and  territories  show 
greater  j)er  c;ipita  values  of  agriculture  than  of  manu- 
factures. 

Plate  188  repi'esents  the  per  <-a[nta  \  alue  of  products 
of  manufactures  and  agriculture  for  1890.  A  compari- 
son of  the  two  diagrams,  Plates  187  and  188,  shows  that 
each  state  and  teriitorv  represented,  except  two,  Mas- 
sachusetts and  Oregon,  has  inci'eased  its  per  capita 
value  of  [iroducts  of  manufactures,  and  that  (>ach  state 


MANUFACTURES. 


85 


and  territory  r^hown  has  increased  its  value  per  capita 
of  agricultural  products. 

Plate  191  represents  the  value  of  all  manufactured 
products  and  the  proportional  value  of  fourteen  speci- 
fied groups  from  188(1  to  1900.  This  diaiirani  is  based 
on  the  values  given  in  the  comparative  sunmiary  of 
groups  of  industries  (Twelfth  Census,  Volume  VII, 
table  i.viii.  page  cxlv).  The  value  of  the  total  prod- 
ucts of  the  fourteen  groups  is  represented  by  the  entire 
area  of  the  circles,  and  the  proportion  in  each  group  by 
the  size  of  the  sectors.  The  increases  for  the  groups 
iron  and  steel  and  their  products,  chemicals  and  allied 
products,  and  metals  and  metal  pi'oducts  other  than 
iron  and  steel,  from  census  to  census,  are  especially 
noticeable. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  192,  represents,  1)V  the  black  and 
the  white  bars,  the  value  of  products  of  manufactures  in 
1900  and  1890,  for  fifteen  groups  of  industries,  thus 
comparing  graphically  the  value  of  products  and  the 
increase  in  each  group.  Food  and  kindred  products, 
iron  and  steel  and  their  products,  textiles,  and  metals 
and  metal  products  other  than  iron  and  steel,  especially, 
show  large  increases.  In  total  value  of  products,  food 
and  kindred  products  is  first,  with  $2,:277,7(>2,OlO;  iron 
and  steel  and  their  products  secontl,  with  §1,793,'±90,908; 
and  textiles  third,  with  f^l. 637,4-81.484. 

Plate  189  represents  the  proportion  of  urban  to  total 
products  of  manufactures,  by  states  and  territories,  in 
1900,  and  shows  that  urban  manufactures  comprised 
over  90  per  cent  of  the  total  valu(>  of  products  in  Rhode 
Island.  Massachusetts,  Illinois.  Connecticut,  and  New 
York,  and  over  SO  per  cent  in  Nel)raska,  Ohio,  Mis- 
souri. Indiana,  Kansas,  and  Colorado.  In  only  fourteen 
of  the  states  and  territories  represented  was  the  value 
of  urban  products  less  than  50  per  cent  of  the  total. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  19(),  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  manufactures  in  the  leading  manufacturing- 
cities  in  1900.  The  enormous  production  of  New 
York,  Chicago,  and  Philadelphia,  as  compared  with 
that  of  the  other  cities  of  the  United  States,  is  clearly 
shown,  as  well  as  the  relative  importance  of  these 
cities  in  the  value  of  their  manufactured  products. 

Near  large  manufacturing  cities,  but  outside  of  their 
corporate  limits,  are  located  many  manufacturing 
establishments  which  are  practically  a  continuation  of 
the  manufacturing  industries  of  the  cities,  and  in  order 
to  give  some  idea  of  the  amount  of  mamifactures  in 
one  hundred  counties  in  which  such  cities  are  located, 
these  counties  were  grouped,  and  the  capital,  wages,  and 
value  of  products  fi'om  1860  to  1900  represented  by  dia- 
gram -2.  Plate  190.  The  tremendous  increase  in  capital 
invested,  from  $1,715,376,089  in  1880  to  $1,214:,105,971 
in  1890.  and  to §6.057.6:36.400  in  1900;  and  the  increase 
in  value  of  products  from  •^3.578,959,287  in  1880  to 
$6,399,356,466  in  1890,  and  to  $8,196,331,427  in  1900, 
are  well  brought  out. 

Diagram  3,  Plate  19().  represents  the  value  of  prod- 


ucts of  urban  and  rural  maiuifactures,  by  state  groups, 
for  1900,  and  shows,  first,  the  great  value  of  products 
in  the  Middle  and  Central  states,  and  second,  the  large 
proportion  which  the  urban  formed  of  the  total  in  these 
states. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  192,  represents  the  capital,  wages, 
and  value  of  products  for  urban  and  rural  districts  in 
1900,  and  shows  graphically  the  relative  importance  of 
urban  and  rural  manufactures,  the  urban  capital  being 
79.2  per  cent  of  the  total,  the  wages  83.1  per  cent,  and 
the  value  of  products  81. 1  per  cent.  Taken  collectively, 
capital,  wages,  and  value  of  products  of  urban  manu- 
factures were  moi-e  than  four  times  the  rural. 

Center  of  Manufactures. 

In  order  to  ascertain  the  position  of  the  center  of 
maiuifactures  at  each  census  from  1850  to  1900,  as 
shown  on  Plate  179,  the  gross  value  of  products  was 
distributed  by  square  degrees,  and  the  remainder  of 
the  computations  made  as  in  computing  the  center  of 
population.  (For  full  description  of  the  method  of 
computing  the  center  see  page  37. )  The  center  of  manu- 
factures, therefore,  is  really  the  center  of  the  value  of 
its  gross  products,  and  as  the  value  of  products  is 
representative  of  the  industry,  .so  the  movement  of  the 
center  of  manufactures,  during  each  decade,  can  be 
considered  as  the  movement  of  the  entire  industry. 

Plate  179  is  a  sketch  map  on  which  is  indicated,  by 
symbols,  the  location  of  the  center  of  manufactures  at 
each  census  from  1850  to  1900,  and  the  center  of  popu- 
lation from  1790  to  1900,  bringing  out  clearly  the 
steady  westward  movement  of  both  manufactures  and 
population. 

The  center  of  maiuifactures  in  185<^  was  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, 41  miles  northwest  of  Harrisburg.  and  the  center 
of  population  at  the  .same  census  was  lo(-ated  23  miles 
southeast  of  Parkersburg,  in  the  present  state  of  West 
Virginia,  240  miles  southwest  of  the  center  of  manu- 
factures. In  1860  the  center  of  population  had  ad- 
vanced 81  miles  nearly  due  west,  while  the  center  of 
manufactures  had  moved  in  a  westerly  direction  100 
miles.  From  1860  to  1870  the  center  of  population 
moved  nearly  42  miles  north  of  west,  while  the  center 
of  manufactures  moved  slighth^  west  of  noiih  18 
miles.  From  1870  to  1880  the  center  of  population 
moved  south  and  west  58  miles,  while  the  center  of 
manufactures  moved  north  and  west  30  miles.  From 
1880  to  1890  the  center  of  population  moved  slightly 
north  of  west  48  miles,  while  the  center  of  manufactures 
moved  south  of  west  about  twice  that  distance.  From 
1890  to  1900  the  center  of  population  moved  almost 
directly  west  14  miles,  while  the  center  of  manufactures 
moved  in  a  parallel  line  nearly  40  miles,  or  over  twice 
the  westward  movement  of  the  center  of  population. 
In  general,  the  center  of  manufactures  has  followed  the 
center  of  population  in  its  westward  movement,  but 
not  always  along  parallel  lines,  the  greatest  variations 


86 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


noted  being  from  18(30  to  ISTO  and  ls7(»  to  isbu.  From 
1850  to  1860,  1880  to  1890,  and  18;»0  to  IHOO  the  center 
of  manufactures  mad(>  a  oreater  western  advance  than 
the  center  of  population.  The  total  westward  move- 
ment of  the  center  of  manufactures  from  1850  to  lltoo 
was  255  miles,  and  the  westward  movement  of  the 
center  of  popidation  during  the  same  period  243  miles, 
indicating  that  the  movements  of  manufactures  and 
]jopulation  arc  closely  related. 

Sklkcted  Indistkiks. 

Plate  193  represents  the  value  of  products  of  certain 
manufacturing  industries  at  each  census,  from  1850  to 
19(10.  for  which  returns  were  available,  arranged  in  the 
order  of  their  values  in  19(tO.  and  shows  graphically  the 
increase  in  each  industry  during  the  ditl'erent  decades, 
displaying  a  most  remarkable  growth  in  every  industry 
represented.  The  value  of  iron  and  steel  products  ad- 
vanced from  ^207,208. 69ti  in  1870  to  ^801,03-1,91S  in 
1900,  wbile  slaughtering  and  meat  packing  increased 
$773,580,791  since  1850.  when  the  value  of  its  products 
was  $11,981,64:2.  Lumber  and  timber  products  also 
show  a  great  increase,  reporting  $60.-413.187  in  1850 
and  $566,832,984  in  1900. 

The  series  of  diagi'ams  presented  on  Plates  19S  to  203, 
inclusive,  represent,  by  the  length  of  the  bars,  the  value 
of  products  of  the  leading  manufacturing  indnsti-ies  m 
each  state  and  territory  reporting  products  of  consider- 
able value  in  1900.  These  diagrams  are  supplemented 
by  a  series  of  small  maps,  or  cartograms,  Plat<^s  204  to 
207.  inclusive,  showing,  by  shades  of  color,  in  four 
groups  descrilied  at  the  bottom  of  the  plate,  the  value 
of  products  of  the  most  important  manufacturing  indus- 
tries per  square  mile  of  land  area,  as  reported  at  the 
Twelfth  Census,  thus  comparing  value  of  products  with 
area.  This  method,  while  not  presenting  exactly  the 
importance  of  each  industry  in  each  state  and  terri- 
tory, is  the  only  practicable  means  of  representing  the 
density  of  manufactures  and  the  geographical  location 
of  the  great  centers  of  production. 

I>UMBKK   AM)   TIMBER    PRODUCTS. 

Plate  194  represents  the  value  of  hunbcr  and  timber 
products  at  each  census,  from  ISSO  to  l'.>00,  for  those 
states  in  which  the  industry  was  of  importance,  the 
states  being  arranged  in  the  ordiM-  of  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts in  1900.  The  diagram  indicates  the  growth  of  the 
industry  in  each  state  from  census  to  census,  and  the 
great  value  of  production  in  the  states  of  "Wisconsin, 
Michigan,  and  .Minnesota,  as  compared  with  the  other 
states.  It  also  shows  the  increase  of  this  industry  from 
18S0to  1890 in  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  and  Washington, 
and  in  Michigan  from  isco  to  1890.  Michigan's  de- 
crease of  $28,831,449  in  \alue  of  products,  from  1S90 
to  1900,  almost  e<|ualed  the  gain  of  $30.<')72.041  fi'oni 
ISSO  to  1890. 


Plate  195  shows,  by  the  length  of  the  bars,  the  value 
of  products  in  the  three  branches  of  the  lumber  indus- 
ti-y — logging  camps,  sawmills,  and  planing  mills — t)y 
states  and  territories,  for  1900.  Michigan  leads  with 
$20,462,235  in  the  value  of  products  of  logging  camps, 
and  with  $42,517,495  in  sawmills,  while  New  York,  with 
$33,149,801.  leads  in  the  value  of  planing-mill  products. 
Diao-ram  2  represents  for  logging  camps,  sawmills,  and 
planing  mills  the  proportion  which  the  cost  of  Uiaterials 
bears  to  the  gross  product,  and  the  relative  value  of 
the  gross  pi'oduct  of  each  class. 

Plate  196  is  a  map  showing,  in  shades  of  color,  in 
four  li-roups.  the  value  of  lumber  and  timber  products 
per  s(iuare  mile  of  land  area  in  each  county,  at  the 
Twelfth  Census,  and  may  be  termed  a  "deforesting" 
map  of  the  United  States,  showing,  as  it  does,  where 
forests  have  been  leveled  to  produce  the  35,000.000 
feet  of  lumber  reported  in  1900.  Wisconsin.  Michigan, 
Minnesota,  Pennsylvania,  and  Washington,  the  leading 
lumber  states,  have  the  largest  areas  of  the  heaviest 
shade.  The  map  also  shows  that,  with  the  exception 
of  the  Pacific  states,  the  principal  regions  of  produc- 
tion were  east  of  the  ninety-fifth  meridian. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  202,  represents  the  value  of  lumljer 
and  tiudjer  products,  by  states  and  territories.  Wis- 
consin is  tirst.  with  a  valuation  of  §57.634,816;  Michigan 
second,  with  $54,290,520;  Minnesota.  Pennsylvania,  and 
\\  ashington  following  in  order,  with  over  $30,000,000 
each.  The  Central  states  reported  lumber  and  timber 
products  with  a  value  of  $224,421,780,  or  39.6  per  cent 
of  the  total. 

Cartogram  3,  Plate  207.  shows,  in  four  shades  of 
color,  the  value  of  lumber  and  timber  products  per 
square  mile  in  each  state  and  territory,  the  state  being 
taken  as  the  unit.  The  heaviest,  or  fourth  shade,  indi- 
cating a  value  of  products  of  $1,000  or  more  per  square 
mile,  is  found  only  in  Wisconsin  and  New  Hampshire. 
The  entire  eastern  half  of  the  United  States  is  covered, 
by  the  third  and  fourth  shades,  showing  that  the  prin- 
cipal regions  of  production,  with  the  exception  of 
Washington  and  Oregon,  were  in  the  East,  the  produc- 
tion in  the  arid  and  semiarid  states  being  very  small. 

TEXTILES. 

Diagram  4.  Plate,  19.S.  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  the  textile  industry  for  each  state  in  which  it 
was  of  imvHHtance.  Ma.ssachusetts.  with  products  val- 
ued at  $213,612,791,  is  first;  Pennsylvania,  with 
$157,333,201,  is  second;  New  York,  Rhode  Island,  New 
Jersey.  Connecticut.  New  Hampshire,  South  Carolina, 
North  Carolina.  Maine,  and  Georgia  following  in  order, 
each  of  these  states  reporting  products  with  a  valuation 
of  over  $20,000.01  >o.  The  value  of  products  for  each 
of  the  remaining  states  appearing  in  the  diagram  was 
less  than  $10,000,000.  The  great  im]H>rt',uice  of  the 
textile  industry  in  the  New  England  and  Middle  states 
1   is  shown  i)y  the  innnense  value  of  products  reported  in 


MANUFACTURES. 


87 


1900  for  those  divisions.  The  returns  also  indicate  that 
this  industry  has  become  one  of  the  most  prominent  in 
tiie  Southern  states. 

< 'artogram  1,  Plate  l'ii.5,  indicates.  Ijy  shades  of  color, 
the  value  per  square  mile  of  textile  products  in  each 
state  and  territory.  The  map  shows  that  the  New  Eno;- 
land  states  (except  Maine  and  Vermont),  Pennsylvania, 
New  York,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  and  South  Carolina 
had  the  greatest  value  of  products  and  that  the  textile 
industry  was  practically  contined  to  the  region  east  of 
the  Mississippi  river. 

COTTON. 

Plate  197 — cotton  production,  exports,  and  consump- 
tion from  1850  to  1900 — represents,  by  the  total  area  of 
the  circles,  the  amount  produced  at  each  census,  and  by 
the  size  of  the  sectors,  the  proportion  exported  and  the 
proportion  used  for  northern  and  southern  consump- 
tion. The  increase  in  production  dui'ing  each  decade, 
except  from  IStiO  to  ISTo,  and  the  rapid  increase  in  the 
amount  consumed  at  home,  due  principally  to  the 
increase  in  southern  consumption,  is  especially  notice- 
able. Southern  consumption  increased  168.7  per  cent 
from  1890  to  19(to,  while  northern  consumption,  during 
the  same  period,  increased  only  9.3  percent.  The  fall- 
ing off  in  production  and  consumption  of  cotton  from 
I860  to  1870.  due  to  the  Civil  War.  is  clearly  indicated. 

COTTON    GOODS. 

Diagram  5,  Plate  198,  represents  the  value  of  cotton 
goods  in  those  states  leading  in  their  manufacture. 
Massachusetts  leads  with  a  value  of  products  nearly 
four  times  as  great  as  that  of  South  Carolina,  the  sec- 
ond state  in  rank.  North  Carolina,  Rhode  Island. 
Pennsylvania,  and  New  Hampshire  follow  in  the  order 
given,  each  reporting  products  of  cotton  manufactures 
valued  at  more  than  S'JO.OOO.OOo. 

Cartogram  '2.  Plate  205.  shows,  in  four  shades  of  color. 
the  value  of  products  of  manufactures  of  cotton  goods 
per  square  mile  in  each  state  and  territory.  The  heav- 
iest shade,  indicating  the  greatest  valuation  per  fjquare 
mile,  covers  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Connecti- 
cut, and  Rhode  Island  only.  The  next  shade,  repre- 
senting a  valuation  from  flOO  to  $1,000  per  square 
mile,  indicates  that  this  industi'v  was  also  of  great  im- 
portance in  the  Middle  and  Southern  states. 

WOOLEN    GOODS,    WORSTED    GOODS.    WOOL    HATS,    AND 
SHODDY. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  199.  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
acts  of  the  manufacture  of  woolen  goods,  worsted 
goods,  wool  hats,  and  shoddy  in  the  states  leading' in 
l^heir  manufacture,  and  brings  out  clearly  the  great 
value  of  wool  manufactures  of  Massachusetts  ($73,536,- 
(159),  Pennsylvania  ($50,053,698).  and  Rhode  Island 
{|39,187,5-J'2),  as  compared  with  the  remaining  states. 


New  York,  Maine,  Connecticut,  and  New  Jersej',  in  the 
order  named,  were  the  only  additional  states  reporting 
products  valued  at  more  than  $12,000,000. 

Cartogram  3,  Plate  205,  presents,  in  four  shades  of 
color,  the  value  per  square  mile  of  the  products  of 
wool  manufactures  represented  in  diagram  1,  Plate 
l'.t!>,  and  shows  that  the  greatest  value  of  products,  as 
compared  with  area,  was  in  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Is- 
land, Connecticut,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania,  the 
remaining  New  England  and  Middle- states  showing 
smaller  values  per  square  mile. 

HOSIERY    AND   KNIT   GOODS. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  199,  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  hosiery  and  knit  goods  in  the  principal  pi'O- 
ducing  states.  New  York  lieing  first  with  $35,886,018. 
and  Pennsylvania  second  with  $21,89t),063.  No  other 
state  approached  these  two  in  value  of  products. 

Cartogram  5.  Plate  205.  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  hosiery  anil  knit  goods  products  pei'  square 
mile,  the  entire  area  of  heavy  production  being  contined 
to  the  New  England  and  Middle  states. 

SII.K    AND    SILK    GOODS. 

Diagram  3,  Plate  199,  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  manufactures  of  silk  and  silk  goods  in  the  states 
reporting  products  valued  at  more  than  $100,000.  New 
Jersey  is  first,  with  a  value  of  $39,966,662;  and  Penn- 
sylvania second,  with  $31,072,926,  each  of  these  states 
having  a  valuation  more  than  double  that  of  New  York 
($12,706,216),  the  next  state  in  rank.  The  value  of 
products  in  the  four  states — New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
New  York,  and  Connecticut — formed  89.6  per  cent  of 
the  total  value  of  silk  and  silk  goods  reported  in  1900. 

Cartogram  1,  Plate  205,  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  products  of  silk  and  silk  goods  per  square  mile, 
and  indicates  that  the  greatest  values  were  in  Massa- 
chusetts. Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New  York,  New 
Jersey,  and  Pennsj-lvania,  the  \alue  per  square  mile  in 
tlie  remaining  states  being  very  small. 

men's   and   women's    CLOTHING    (FACTORY    PRODUCT). 

Diagram  1,  Plate  199,  represents  the  value  of  men's 
and  women's  clothing  (factory  product)  in  the  states 
leading  in  clothing  manufacture.  The  immense  value 
of  the  product  of  New  York,  $233,370,117.  as  com- 
pared with  that  of  other  states,  is  very  effectiveh' 
shown.  Illinois  with  $17,153,191,  P(>nnsjdvania  with 
$35,083,623,  Ohio  with  $21,366,595,  Maryland  with 
$20,013,101.  Massachusetts  with  $15,032,601,  and  Mis- 
souri with  $12.0l9.1tSl».  follow  New  York  in  the  order 
named,  and  were  the  only  states  rejxjiting  a  value  of 
products  of  more  than  $10,000,000. 

Diagram  5,  Plate  199,  comi)ai-es  graphically  the  val- 
ues of  men's  and  of  women's  clothing  (factory  product) 


88 


STATltS'riCAL  ATLAS. 


in  twenty-two  cities,  the  uncolored  bar  representing  the 
value  of  men's  clothiny  and  the  l)laek  bar  that  of 
women's,  and  shows  the  relative  importance  of  each 
branch  of  this  industry  for  the  cities  specified.  The 
tremendous  value  of  the  production  of  New  York,  as 
compared  with  that  of  the  other  cities,  is  well  brought 
out.  The  value  of  women's  clothing  exceeded  that  of 
men's  in  only  two  of  the  cities  represented,  Cleveland 
and  Newark.  In  New  York  the}-  were  nearly  equal, 
but  in  the  remaining  cities  the  value  of  men's  clothing 
largely  exceeded  that  of  women's,  Rochester.  Milwau- 
kee, Utica,  Louisville,  St.  Joseph,  St.  Paul,  and  Kansas 
City,  Missouri,  reporting  little  or  no  manufacture  of 
women's  clothing. 

Diagram  6,  Plate  199,  presents,  in  the  same  manner 
as  diagram  .5.  the  relative  importance  of  men's  and 
women's  clothing  (factory  product)  in  the  thirteen  states 
leading  in  their  manufacture.  The  value  of  manufac- 
tures of  men's  clothing  exceeded  that  of  women's  in 
every  state  represented.  A  comparison  of  the  two 
diagrams  shows  that  the  principal  city  in  each  of  these 
states  manufactured  nearly  the  entire  product. 

Cartogram  6,  Plate  205,  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  products  per  square  mile  of  the  manufactures 
of  men's  and  women's  clothing  (factor}'  product),  and 
gives  a  general  idea  of  the  geographical  location  of  the 
centers  of  production  of  the  clothing  industry.  Massa- 
chusetts, New  York,  and  Maryland  show  the  heaviest 
production  as  compared  with  area;  Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 
and  Illinois,  with  a  larger  value  of  products  than  Mas- 
sachusetts or  ALiryland.  falling  in  the  next  group,  owing 
to  their  large  areas. 

FI.OUKIXG   AND    GKIST    :\nLI.    I'KODUCTS. 

Diagram  1.  Plato  l'OO.  rc^presents  the  value  of  tiour- 
ing  and  grist  mill  products  for  those  states  and  terri- 
tories leading  in  this  industry.  Minnesota  is  first,  with 
a  valuation  of  $83,877,709,  which  is  almost  double  that 
of  the  second  state,  New  York  (^-II'. 790,340).  Ohio. 
Pennsylvania,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Missouri,  and  Wiscon- 
sin follow  closely,  each  reporting  products  valued  at 
more  than  $2.5,000,00(1. 

Cartogram  1,  Plate  204,  shows,  in  shades  of  color, 
the  value  of  flouring  and  grist  mill  i)roducts  per  square 
mile.  'I'he  wide  distril)ution  of  the  heavy  shades  indi- 
cates that  this  industry  was  of  importance  in  nearly 
every  state  and  territory,  only  eight  falling  in  the  low- 
est group.  The  greatest  valu(\s  per  s(iuare  mile  were 
found  in  the  New  England,  Middle,  and  Central  states. 

ST,AUfiHTKKTN(;    AND    MKAT    I'At'KING. 

Diagrams  2  and  3.  Plate  200,  represent  the  value  of 
pi'oducts  of  slaughtering  and  meat  packing  in  twenty- 
seven  states  and  thii'teen  cities,  and  compare  efi'ectividy 
the  value  of  j)rodu(ts  of  each  of  the  thirteen  cities  with 
that  of  the  state  in  which  it  is  located,  showing,  also, 
the  rclatixc   impoi'tanrc  of  thi>   industry  in  cacli  citw 


The  value  of  products  reported  for  Chicago  and  P^ast 
St.  liouis  was  98.7  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  state  of 
Illinois;  that  of  Kansas  City,  Kansas,  was  95.3  percent 
of  the  total  for  the  state  of  Kansas;  and  that  of  South 
Omaha  was  95.2  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  state  of 
Nebraska.  The  great  value  of  products  of  Illinois  and 
Chicago,  as  compared  with  other  states  and  cities,  is 
clearly  presented. 

Cartogram  3,  Plate  204,  shows,  in  shades  of  color, 
the  value  of  slaughtering  and  meat-packing  products 
per  square  mile.  The  darkest  shade,  indicating  the 
greatest  value  of  products  as  compared  with  area, 
covers  the  states  of  Massachusetts.  Rhode  Island,  New 
York.  New  Jersey,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  while  Kansas, 
Nebraska,  and  Missouri  were  thrown  into  the  next 
lower  group  by  their  large  areas. 

CHEESE,    BUTTER,    AND    CONDENSED    MILK. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  198.  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  cheese,  ])utter,  and  condensed  milk  in  the  states 
leading  in  this  industry.  New  York  is  first,  with 
$26,557,888  and  Wisconsin  second,  with  120,120,147. 
Iowa  with  $15,846,077,  Illinois  with  $12,879,299.  and 
Pennsyhania  with  $10,290,006,  were  the  only  addi- 
tional states  re]jorting  products  valued  at  more  than 
$10,000,000. 

Cartogram  2.  Plate  204,  shows,  by  shades  of  color, 
the  value  of  products  of  cheese,  butter,  and  condensed 
milk  per  square  mile  in  each  state  and  territory.  The 
heavy  shade  co^'ering  the  New  England  states  (except 
Maine  and  Rhode  Island).  New  York,  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware,  Illinois.  Wisconsin.  Minnesota,  and  Iowa 
indicates  that  this  industry  was  of  importance  in  these 
states. 

MANUFACTCTiED    ICE. 

Diagram  3.  Plate  198.  represents  tlu>  value  of  manu- 
factured ice  in  the  ten  states  leading  in  its  manufacture. 
This  industi'v  natui'ally  had  its  inception  in  the  South, 
liut  has  extended  to  the  North.  Pennsylvania  reporting 
in  1900  the  greatest  value  o:  products.  $2,038,504. 
Texas  is  second,  with  $1,184,332;  New  York  third, 
with  $1,051,372;  and  Illinois  fourth,  with  $990.S27. 
Of  the  ten  leading  states  only  four  are  in  the  South. 

ALCOHOLIC    LKJUOKS. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  198.  represents  the  \alue  of  alco- 
holic liquors  (distilled,  malt,  and  vinous)  in  the  states 
leading  in  their  maiuifacture.  New  York  is  first,  with 
products  valued  at  $58,282,253;  Illinois  second,  with 
$57,955,162,  the  difi'erence  between  them  being  slight. 
Pennsylvania,  with  $34,574,158,  is  third,  and  far  below 
New  York  and  Illinois  in  the  value  of  its  li(|uor  prod- 
ucts. Ohio.  Indiana,  and  Wisconsin  follow  in  the 
order  named,  each  reporting  li(|Uors  valued  at  more 
than  $22,000,000. 

Cartogram  4.  Plate  -204.  >lio\vs.  bv  shades  of  color. 


MANUFACTUKES. 


89 


the  value  per  sc[iiare  mile  of  alcoholic  liquor  products. 
The  heavy  shade,  indicating-  the  areas  in  which  the 
value  of  products  was  greatest  and  the  industry  most 
important,  covers  Massachusetts.  Rhode  Island,  New 
York.  New  Jersey,  and  Illinois.  New  Hampshire.  Con- 
necticut. Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland.  Ohio, 
Indiana.  \\'isconsin.  Missouri,  and  Kentuck}'  fall  in  the 
gioup  with  products  valued  at  from  $100  to  $1,000  per 
square  mile. 

IRON    AND    STEEL. 

Diagram  1,  Plate  201.  represents  the  value  of  iron 
and  steel  products  (hlast  furnaces,  rolling  mills,  and 
forges  and  bloomeries)  in  the  nineteen  states  leading  in 
this  industry.  Pennsylvania  is  first,  with  products 
valued  at  $43i,l:4:5.200.  or  54.0  per  cent  of  the  total 
valuation:  Ohio  is  second,  with  1138,935,25(5;  and  Illi- 
nois third,  with  $60,303,144;  the  value  of  products  of 
these  three  states  forming  78. S  per  cent  of  the  total. 
The  diagram  brings  out  the  great  value  of  products  in 
Pennsylvania  as  compared  with  other  states. 

Cartogram  1.  Plate  2n7.  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  iron  and  steel  products  (blast  furnaces,  rolling 
mills,  and  forges  and  bloomeries)  per  square  mile,  and 
indicates  the  regions  in  wliich  this  industry  was  of  the 
greatest  importance.  The  states  showing  the  greatest 
value  of  products  per  square  mile  are  Massachusetts, 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania.  Delaware.  Ohio,  and  Illi- 
nois. The  remaining-  states  in  which  this  industry  was 
important,  with  products  valued  at  $100  to  $1,000 
per  square  mile,  are  Connecticut,  New  York,  Indiana, 
^Michigan.  Wisconsin,  Maryland.  Virginia,  West  Vir- 
ginia'. Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Alabama. 

COKE. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  2ol,  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  coke  in  the  eight  states  leading-  in  its  manufac- 
ture. The  total  output  of  coke  at  the  Twelfth  Census 
was  valued  at  $35,585,445.  Pennsylvania,  the  state 
leading  in  its  manufacture,  reported  products  valued  at 
$22,282,358.  or  62.(i  percent  of  the  total,  Alabama. 
West  \'irginia.  Colorado,  Virginia,  and  Tennessee  fol- 
low in  the  order  of  the  value  of  their  products,  these 
states,  with  Pennsylvania,  reporting  over  91.6  per  cent 
of  the  total  for  the  United  States. 

Cartogram  2,  Plate  207,  shows,  in  shades  of  color, 
the  geographical  distribution  of  this  industry.  The 
areas  of  the  darkest  shade,  indicating-  the  greatest  value 
of  products  per  square  mile,  $100  to  $1,000.  are  con- 
fined to  the  stivtes  of  Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia. 
Virginia,  Tennessee.  Alabama,  and  Colorado  are  the 
only  remaining-  states  showing  coke  products  valued  at 
more  than  $10  per  scjuare  mile. 

CLAY    PRODUCTS. 

Diagram  3,  Plate  201,  represents  the  value  of  clay 
products  (brick,  tile,  pottery,  terra  cotta.  and  fire-cla}- 


10 


products),  by  states  and  territories.  The  statistics  of 
the  Twelfth  Census  cover  all  the  wares  known  as  clay 
products — that  is,  those  in  which  the  essential  raw 
material  is  clay.  This  industry  is  an  extensive  one, 
products  having-  lieen  reported  fi-om  nearly  every 
state  and  territory.  Ohio,  with  products  valued  at 
$16,480,812;  Pennsylvania,  with  $14,081,844;  New  Jer- 
sey, with  $10,786,673;  New  York,  with  $8,073,769;  and 
Illinois,  with  $7,224,915,  wei'e  the  only  states  reporting 
products  valued  at  more  than  $7,000,000. 

Cartogram  5,  Plate  204,  shows,  in  shades  of  color, 
the  geographical  distribution  of  the  centers  of  the 
manufacture  of  clay  products,  the  greatest  values  per 
square  mile  being  shown  in  Massachusetts,  Connecticut, 
New  York,  New  Jei'sey.  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  Ohio, 
Indiana,  and  Illinois.  The  wide  distribution  of  the 
darker  shades  indicates  the  extensive  character  of  this 
industry. 

GLASS. 

Diagram  4.  Plate  201.  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  glass  manufacture,  including-  glass  cutting, 
staining,  and  ornamenting.  The  states  most  prominent 
in  this  industry  were  Pennsylvania,  with  products  valued 
at  $23,274,113;  Indiana,  with  $14,757,883:  New  York, 
with  $6,316,214;  New  Jersey,  with  $5,345,425;  Ohio, 
with  $4,789,952;  and  Illinois,  with  $3,992,736,  these 
six  states  reporting  more  than  nine-tenths  of  the  total 
production. 

Cartogram  6,  Plate  204,  shows,  in  shades  of  color, 
the  geographical  distribution  of  the  value  of  products 
of  glass  manufacture,  the  shade  indicating  the  greatest 
\alue  of  products  being  confined  to  the  states  of  New 
York,  New  Jersey.  Pennsylvania.  Ohio,  and  Indiana. 

LEATHER. 

Diagram  5.  Plate  201.  repi-esents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  leather  (tanned,  curried,  and  finished)  in  the 
states  leading  in  its  manufacture.  Pennsjdvania  is  first, 
with  a  value  of  products  of  $55,615,009.  Massachu- 
setts, with  $26,067,714;  New  York,  with  $23,205,991; 
Wisconsin,  with  S20.074.373;  and  New  Jersey,  with 
$13,747,155,  were  the  only  additional  states  reporting 
products  valued  at  more  than  $12,000,000. 

Cartogram  5.  Plate  206,  shows,  in  shades  of  color, 
the  value  of  leather  products  per  square  mile.  The 
darkest  shade,  indicating  the  greatest  value  of  products 
as  compared  with  area,  covers  Massachusetts,  Pennsyl- 
vania, New  Jei'sey.  and  Delaware.  This  industry  was 
widely  extended  and  was  of  importance  in  a  number  of 
states  of  the  New  England,  Middle,  and  Central  divi- 
sions, as  indicated  bj-  the  area  covered  by  the  lieavier 
shades. 

BOOTS    AND    SHOES. 

Diagram  6.  Plate  201,  represents  the  value  of  manu- 
factures of  boots  and  shoes  (factory  product)  in  certain 


90 


STATISTICAL  ATLAS. 


states.  Massachusetts  leads,  with  products  viihied  at 
$117,115,243;  New  York  is  second,  with  *-J5..5S5,631; 
New  Hampshire  third,  with  $33,405,558;  and  Ohio 
fourth,  with^l7,y30,85-l:;  Pennsylvania,  Maine,  Illinois, 
and  Missouri  following  in  the  order  named,  each  report- 
ing products  valued  at  more  than  $10,000,000.  The 
immense  value  of  boots  and  shoes  manufactured  in 
Massachusetts,  as  compared  with  other  states,  is 
effectively  shown. 

Cartogram  6,  Plate  2(lti,  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  hoots  and  shoes  (factory  product)  per  square 
mile.  The  darkest  shade,  indicating  the  greatest  value 
of  products  per  square  mile,  covers  Massachusetts  antl 
New  Hampshire  only.  Maine,  Connecticut,  Rhode  Is- 
land, New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware, 
Maryland,  Ohio,  Illinois,  and  Missouri  are  in  thegrouj) 
having  products  valued  at  from  $100  to  $1,(100  pen- 
square  mile.  The  value  of  products,  as  compared  with 
area,  in  the  South  and  West  was  very  small. 

AGRICl^TLTURAI.  HIPI,I:MENTS. 

Diagram  2,  Plate  202,  represents  the  value  of  prod- 
ucts of  agricultural  implements  in  the  states  leading  in 
their  manufacture.  Illinois  is  tirst,  with  products  val- 
ued at  $12,033,796,  more  than  treble  those  of  Ohio 
($13,975,268),  the  second  state  in  point  of  production. 
New  York,  Wisconsin,  Indiana,  and  Michigan  follow 
in  order,  each  reporting  products  valued  at  moi-e  than 
$6,000,000.  These  six  states  reported  in  1900,  86.1  per 
cent  of  the  total  vakie  of  products. 

Cartogram  -t,  Plate  207,  shows,  by  shades  of  color, 
the  value  of  manufactures  of  agricultural  implements 
per  square  mile  and  marks  the  regions  in  which  the 
value  of  production,  as  compai'ed  with  area,  was  great- 
est. The  industry  was  most  important  in  New  York, 
Ohio,  Indiana,  ^Michigan,  Wisconsin,  and  Illinois,  these 
being  the  only  states  which  reported  in  1900  products 
valued  at  more  than  $100  per  stpiare  mile. 

CAKS  (rON'STKUCTION  AM>    ItEI'AIUs). 

Diagram  3,  Plate  202,  represents  the  value,  ))y  states 
and  territories,  of  steam  and  street  railroad  cars  (con- 
struction and  repairs).  Pennsylvania  is  tirst,  with  a 
product  of  $63,570,599;  Illinois  second,  with  $12,541,876; 
New  York  third,  with  $24,937,964;  Indiana  fourth,  with 
$19,248,!»99;  and  Ohio  fifth,  with  $17,7(14,588,  the  value 
of  products  for  these  five  states  l)eing  51.6  per  cent  of 
the  total  for  the  United  States. 

Cartogi'am  (>,  Plato  207,  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  pi-oducts  of  manufactures  of  cars  per  scpuire 
mile;.  The  darkest  shade,  indicating  the  greatest  value 
of  products  as  compared  with  ui'ea,  is  found  only  in 
Pennsylvania  and  Delaware.  The  wide  distrilmtion  of 
the  heavier  shades  indicates  the  extent  t)f  I  lie  industry, 
only  a  few  Western  states  and  tcM'ritories  showing  a  pro- 
duction of  less  than  $10  per  square  mile. 


CARRIAGES    AND   WAGONS. 

Diagram  4,  Plate  202,  represents  the  value  of  products 
of  the  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wagons  in  the 
states  ill  which  this  industry  was  of  importance.  Ohio 
leads  with  products  valued  at  $15,919,173,  closely 
followed  by  New  York,  with  $13. (168.385:  Indiana, 
with  $12,742,243;  and  Michigan,  with  $11,205,602,  the 
only  states  reporting  products  valued  at  more  than 
$10,000,000. 

Cartogram  5,  Plate  207,  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wagons  per 
square  mile.  The  dark  shade,  indicating  the  states  in 
which  this  industry  was  most  prominent,  covers  the 
southern  New  England  states,  and  New  Jer.sey,  Dela- 
ware. Maryland,  and  the  Lake  states. 

CHEMICALS   AND    ALLIED    rROI>UCTS. 

Diagram  1.  Plate  203.  represents  the  value  of  chem- 
icals and  allied  products  in  those  states  reporting  prod- 
ucts valued  at  over  §200,000.  New  York  leads  with 
$40,998,911 ;  followed  by  Pennsylvania  with  $32,154,223; 
New  Jersey  with  $26,763,S5ti:  Ohio  with  $13,307,431; 
and  Illinois  with  $12,422,227.  These  were  the  only 
states  reporting  products  valued  at  over  $10,000,000. 

Cartogram  2.  Plate  2()6,  shows,  by  shades  of  color,  the 
value  per  square  mile  of  chemicals  and  allied  products, 
and  marks.  })y  the  darkest  shade,  the  states  in  which 
their  manufacture  was  of  greatest  value  as  compared 
with  area.  Massachusetts.  Rhode  Island,  and  New  Jer- 
sey were  the  only  states  showing  products  \'alued  at 
$1,000  or  more  per  square  mile. 

I'ETKOLEUJI    REFINING. 

Diagram  2.  Plate  2(  >3,  represents  the  value  of  products 
of  petroleum  refining  in  the  five  states  for  which  the 
production  was  shown  separately.  Pennsylvania  leads 
with  $.34,977,706,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio,  and 
California  following  in  order.  The  value  of  products 
in  these  five  states  was  $10(t,'.t06,544.  or  81.4  per  cent 
of  the  total  amount  reported. 

Cartogram  1,  Plate  2(»(),  shows,  in  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  products  of  petroleum  refining  per  square  mile. 
The  heav}'  tints,  indicating  the  regions  in  which  the 
industry  was  of  greatest  inqiortance,  cover  only  four 
states — New  Jersey,  New  York.  Pennsylvania,  and 
Ohio — showing  that  th(^  piinci})al  production  was  con- 
centrated in  a  comparatively  small  area. 

rAi'Ei;  AND  WOOD  ri^Li". 

Iliagrani  :'..  I'hite  2o;!.  rcju-csi^nts  the  vahk'  of  prod- 
ucts of  jiapcr  ami  wooil  [lulp  manufactures  in  the  states 
leading  in  this  industry.  The  five  states  I'eporting 
products  valu(>(l  at  mori'  than  $10,000,000  each,  were 
New  Yoik.  with  $26,715,628;  Ma.ssachusetts,  with 
$22.141.4(ii:  Maine,  with  $13,223,275;  Pennsylvania, 
with  $12,267,".t<»0;  and  Wisconsin,  with  $10,895,576. 


MANUFACTURES. 


91 


Cartogram  8,  Plate  206,  shows,  by  shades  of  color, 
the  value  per  square  mile  of  paper  and  wood  pulp 
manufactures,  the  heavy  shades,  found  principally  in 
the  New  England,  Middle,  and  Lake  states,  marking 
the  area  in  which  this  industry  was  of  greatest  im- 
portance. 

PRINTING    AND    PUBLISHING. 

Diagram  4,  Plate  203.  represents  the  value  of  the 
combined  products  of  the  three  classes  of  printing  and 
publishing — newspapers  and  periodicals,  Iwok  and  job, 
and  music — for  those  states  and  territories  reporting 
products  valued  at  more  than  $450,000.  The  live  states 
reporting  products  valued  at  more  than  §20,00(  i.OOO  were 
New  York  ($9.5,232,Oul),  Illinois  ($39,-±49,032),  Penn- 


sylvania ($36,465,629),  Massachusetts  ($29,372,314),  and 
Ohio  ($20,391,868),  their  combined  values  forming  63.5 
per  cent  of  the  amount  reported  for  the  United  States. 
Cartogram  4,  Plate  206,  shows,  by  shades  of  color,  the 
value  of  products  of  printing  and  publishing  per  square 
mile,  the  heaviest  shade  indicating  those  states  in  which 
the  value  of  products  was  greatest  as  compared  with 
area.  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  New  York 
were  the  onh'  states  reporting  products  valued  at  $1,00(> 
or  more  per  square  mile.  The  wide  distribution  of  the 
heavier  shades  indicates  the  extent  of  the  industry  and 
shows  that  it  was  of  great  importance  in  nearlv  eveiy 
state  and  territory,  only  nine  states  and  territories  re- 
porting products  valued  at  less  than  $10  per  s([uare 
mile. 


PLATE  No  179 


1.  (APnWI-  IWESTEl)  AT  EACH   CF.X  SIS  :iar.()  TO  l!)00 


PLATE  No  180 


1900 
IR90 
iBSO 
1870 
I860 
1850 


HUNDREDS    OF   MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
40  50  60 


^■i^BMV 


Li.  AVl'ULAGE   XU.\11!1':H  OKWACK  EAHXHRS  KMPI.OYKD 
IX   NL\Xl'F'ACTURES  AT  EACH  CEXbLS:  IB.M)  TO  I'JOO 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 


HUNDREDS    OF    THOUSANDS 


a.  VAELE   OFPROULHTS  AT  E.VCH  CENSUS  :  Uir>()  TO  U)O0 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1650 


12  24 


HUNDREDS    OF  MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
36  48  60  72  84  96  108  ISO  132 


I  COST    OF    MATERIALS 


I ;  VALU  E     LESS     COST    OF    MATERIALS 


■1.  PP^OJ^UHTIOX  OFA^'^ER.\C.E   XUMI?EI^  OE\\ACiE  RVRNET^  S  EMPI.cm^D 
IX  ^L\NUP"ACTl'RESTO  POPUI.u\TlOM  AT  EACH  CF^XSUS  :  1850  TO  1900 


1900 
1890 

leao 

1870 
I860 
1350 


PER     CENl 


.,ui i^s  uiEN ace  I 


PLATE  No  !81 


1.<'APIT.\L,  INVESTED   IX  EACH    STATE  .VNO  Ti:UHlT()HY:  li)()0 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

300  450  60  0  T50  eOO  10  5  0  2  JC  13  50  1 500 


NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

ILLINOIS 

OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 

WISCONSIN 

CONNECTICUT 

MICHIGAN 

MISSOURI 

INDIANA 

CALIFORNIA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

MINNESOTA 

MARYLAND 

MAINE 

i_OUiSlANA 

KENTUCKr 

VIRGINIA 

IOWA 

NFW  HAMPSHIRE 

TEXAS 

GEORGIA 

N  CAROLINA 

NEBRASKA 

TENNESSEE 

ALABAMA 

S  CAROLINA 

KANSAS 

COLORADO 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

WASHINGTON 

VERMONT 

DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

DELAWARE 

MONTANA 

ARKANSAS 

MISSISSIPPI 

OREGON 

FLORIDA 

UTAH 

HAWAII 

ARIZONA 

S   DAKOTA 

N.DAKOTA 

ALASKA 

OKLAHOMA 

IDAHO 

NEW   MEXICO 

INDIAN  TER 

WYOMING 

NEVADA 


2. CAPITAL  INVESTED  BY  STATE  (IROUPS 


PERCENTAGES    OF    TOTAL    INVESTMENT 


NEW    ENGLAND    STATES 


MIDDLE    STATES 


SOUTHERN  STATES 


CENTRAL  STATES 


WESTERN     STATES 
PACIFIC    STATES 


UUUS  BIEN  ft  CO   L 


J 


PLATE  No  18 


1. AVERAGE  NUMBER  OFWAGE  EL\RNERS  EMPLCAT^D  IN  MANUFACTURES :  1900 


HUNDREDS  OF   THOUSANDS 


NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

ILLINOIS 

OHIO 

NEW  JERSEY 

CONNECTICUT 

MICHIGAN 

INDIANA 

WISCONSIN 

MISSOURI 

MARYLAND 

RHODE  ISLAND 

CALIFORNIA 

GEORGIA 

MINNESOTA 

MAINE 

VIRGINIA 

N  CAROLINA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

KENTUCKY 

IOWA 

ALABAMA 

TENNESSEE 

TEXAS 

S  CAROLINA 

LOUISIANA 

KANSAS 

FLORIDA 

WASHINGTON 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

VERMONT 

ARKANSAS 

MISSISSIPPI 

COLORADO 

NEBRASKA 

DELAWARE 

OREGON 

DISTOF  COLUMBIA 

MONTANA 

UTAH 

ARIZONA 

S  DAKOTA 

NEW   MEXICO 

N.DAKOTA 

ALASKA 

WYOMING 

OKLAHOMA 

INDIAN  TER. 

IDAHO 

NEVADA 


2. AVERAGE  NUMBER  OFWAGE  EARNERS 
EMPLO^-ED  IN  MANUFACTURES 
BY'  STATE  GROL'PS 

PERCENTAGES    OF    TOTAL     EMPLOYED 


NEW    ENGLAND    STATES 


MIDDLE   STATES 


"SOUTH  ERN  STATES 


CENTRAL  STATES 


wrftTgRN     STATES 


PACIFIC    STATES 


us  B'CN  *C0  L 


PLATE  No.  183 


PROPORTK^X  OF  AVERAGE  mJMBER  OFWAGE  EL\RNERS  EMPLOYED  IX  MANUFACTURES 

TO  TOTAL   POPULATION:  1900 


PER     CENT 


RHODE  ISLAND 

CONNECTICUT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

NEW  JERSEY 

DCI-AWARE 

NEW  YORK 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MAINE 

MARYLAND 

OlSTOFCOUiMBlA 

VERMONT 

OHIO 

ILLINOIS 

WISCONSIN 

MICHIGAN 

WASHINGTON 

FLORIDA 

mOIANA 

CALIFORNIA 

COLORADO 

MINNESOTA 

MISSOURI 

MONTANA 

OREGON 

VIRGINIA 

GEORGIA 

N.CAROLINA 

S.CAROLINA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

LOUISIANA 

KENTUCKY 

ALABAMA 

IOWA 

TENNESSEE 

KANSAS 

UTAH 

WYOMING 

NEBRASKA 

ARKANSAS 

MISSISSIPPI 

TEXAS 

NEVADA 

IDAHO 

S.DAKOTA 

N. DAKOTA 


JUUUS  BIEN  a  CO.L'TM  N_Y 


PLATE  No- 184 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  MANUFACTURE S  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES 

AT  EACH  CENSUS:  1«50  TO  1900 


HUNDREDS   OF  MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

NEW   YOHK 


I9O0 
1890 

leeo 

1870 
1860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
IB70 
1860 
IB50 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
IB80 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
IB80 
1B70 
I860 
1850 


i 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850    k 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 


PENNSYLVANIA 


MASSACHUSETTS 


i  I 


m 


rT 


n 


CONNECTICUT 


CALIFORNIA 


1900 
1890 
I8R0 
1870 
1860 
1850 


M  I  N  N  E  SOI  A 


RHODE   ISLAND 


KENTUCKY 


NEBRASKA 


0 

1 

1890 

■■^ 

1880 

I 

1870 

' 

VIRGINIA 

1890 

^■i 

1880 

^ 

1870 

■i 

I860 

■■ 

1850 

■          ' 

MAINE 

1890 

1880 

Ubb 

1870 

I^B 

I860 

■i 

1850 

■ 

LOUISIANA 

1890 

^ 

1880 

■ 

1870 

I 

1860 

1 

1850 

! 

TEXAS 

1890 

^m 

1880 

u 

1870 

■ 

I860 

NEW  HAMPSH 

■ 

1890 

1880 

1870 

■■i 

I860 

B 

IB50 

■ 

TENNESSEE 

I9O0 

1690 

■■ 

1880 

■ 

1870 

■ 

I860 

■ 

1850 

1 

GEORGIA 

1900 

^^kl 

1890 

■■ 

1880 

■ 

1870 

■ 

I860 

■ 

1850 

COLORADO 

1900 

■^H 

1890 

■■       1 

1880 

■ 

1870 

N  CAROLINA 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1670 
1860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 


WASHINGTON 


WEST  VIRGINIA 


S  CAROLINA 


ARKANSAS 


1900 

■ 

1890 

• 

1880 

1870 

I860 

MISSISSI 

■1 

1890 

■ 

1880 

1870 

1 

1860 

1850 

FLORIDA 

1900 

■ 

1890 

I 

1880 

1870 

1860 

DISTOF  COLUMBIA 


1900 
1890 


1900 
1890 
1880 


1900 
1890 


1900 
1890 


JULIUS  BIEN  a  CO 


129-  127*  125*  123° 


Li'ss  Ui.ui  $  nil  1(1 

J         [TJ     %      I.OIKI         III    $    .'"..0(1(1 

;    pSJ]   $    .'i.OlHl    111  $   lli.UIMl 
in  ;uiiii(i  111  ,$  ;ir,.0(ii) 

^2   >   J. ,(11)11  In  .-f  1011,1100 

i     m  $  100.000  aiifl  t'vei 
I I 


PLATE  No.    185 


ar  67" 


V\U  K  UK  PHOUl'CTS  OF  MANlTArTUru-:.S    ^'       "^  ' '  *' 

I'KU  SQU.MiK  Mll.K 
at  the  Twelfth  Census 

19UU  -,*^ 

Compiled  by 
HKNR1'    Gi\XN'ETT.    GEOORAPHKK 

\ ! \ 1 1 .'-■ - 


.A^ i 


JUI.IJ5  BIEN  A  CO   I^ITH 


CD 
O 

o 


CD 
CO 

O 


CO 
CD 

o 


s       » 


CO 

c 


o 
S 


> 

m 


00 


PLATE  No    187 


I'HODL-CTS  OK  .VLVNLFACTL'HEH  .\XD  AGRICULTURE  PKH  CAIMTA  OF 'I'HK  ROJ'UJ^VnON  :  19()() 


MaiuilhctiM-cs 


Aftrii'ulliirt; 


JULIUS  Hlt-N&CO  LITH   t 


PLATE  No  188 


I'RUDUC'TS   OF  .\L\NL'KACTL'KES  .VXD  AGIUCL'LTURE  PKH  CAPITA  OF 'I'llK  POPULATION:   1B90 


O  O  1_  u  A  R  S 


Mmiufactore-^ 


Asricultur*- 


JULIUS  BIEN&CO  L1TH   N  f 


PLATE  No,  18 


PROPORTION  OF  URBAN  TO  TOT.\I.  PRODUCTS  OF  MAXIFACTLRKS  :  1900 


PER    CENT 


RHODE  ISLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

ILLINOIS 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  YORK 

NEBRASKA 

OHIO 

MtSSOURI 

INDIANA 

KANSAS 

COLORADO 

NEW  JERSEY 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

DELAWARE 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MINNESOTA 

KENTUCKY 

WISCONSIN 

IOWA 

MARYLAND 

MICHIGAN 

MAINE 

VIRGINIA 

OREGON 

CALIFORNIA 

TENNESSEE 

MONTANA 

TEXAS 

WASHINGTON 

LOUISIANA 

VERMONT 

GEORGIA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

ALABAMA 

UTAH 

WYOMING 

NEW   MEXICO 

S  CAROLINA 

N  CAROLINA 

NEVADA 

FLORIDA 

N, DAKOTA 

OKLAHOMA 

MISSISSIPPI 

ARKANSAS 

HAWAII 

S.  DAKOTA 


f 


^— I 


juuus  eiCN  *  c^  t-'^** ' 


PLATE  No.  190 


1.  VALCK   OK  I'lJOniCTS  IX  (M-:RTA1N  MAXI'FA("TT-KIX(;  riTIRS:  1900 


MnilONS     OF      DOLLARS 
520  6S0  780 


NEW  YORK 

CHICAGO 

PHILADELPHIA 

ST  LOUIS 

BOSTON 

PITTSBURG 

BALTIMORE 

CINCINNATI 

CLEVELAND 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

NEWARK 

MtLWAUKEE 

BUFFALO 

MINNEAPOLIS 

DETROIT 

PROVIDENCE 

KANSAS  CITY    KAN. 

LOUISVILLE 

JERSEY  CITY 

SOUTH  OMAHA 

ROCHESTER 

INOfANAPOLIS 

NEW  ORLEANS 

ALLEGHENY 

WORCESTER 

PATERSON 

PEORIA 

WASHINGTON 

LOWELL 

LAWRENCE 

OMAHA 

FALL  RIVER 

LYNN 

DENVER 

NEW  HAVEN 

COLUMBUS 

BAYONNE 

CAMBRIDGE 

ST  PAU  L 

BRIDGEPORT 

TOLEDO 

MCKEESPORT 

READING 

KANSAS  CITY,  MO 

DAYTO  N 

YOUNGSTDWN 

WILMINGTON 

WATERBURY 

EAST  ST  LOUIS 

SYRACUSE 

Sr  JOSEPH 

TRENTON 

HARTFORD 

PUEBLO 

RICHMOND 

TROY 

TERRE   HAUTE 

JOLl  ET 

SCRANTON 

MANCHESTER 
SEATTLE 


2.CAlM'rAI..\VA(;i':S  and  PHonrCTS  KOH  OXF.  UUXDRED  COLXTiKS  IX  WHICH 
THK  PRIXCMPAI.  (MTIKS  ARK    1.0(\VrKn :  I860  TO  1900 

^*^'^*'-  BILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


1900 

1890 


I9O0 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 


0                            1                            a                           3                           A-                           s 

1 

u 

1 

6                           7                          8 

1 

1        1 

3A'ALUK  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  PRB.\N  AND  RUR.\I.  MAXVFACTURP^S  BV  STATE  GROUPS  :  1900 

HUNDREDS    OF  MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

O^^  5 10 15 

NEW    ENGLAND   STATES 

MIDDLE   STATES 

SOUTHERN    STATES 

CENTRAL    STATES 

WESTERN    STATES 

PACIFIC    STATES 


JUUUS  BIEN  ft  CO   LITM  N  'r 


^H  1 

1 

1 

^n 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

pHH 



] 

u^ 

p= 

1 

PLATE  No.191 


VAIA'K  OK  AM.  M.VXUFACTUHKn  PRODUCTS.  AND  PHOIHniTlO  XAL  VALV 

OF  EAOII  rTH0rP:ia8O  T0  1900 


i 


JUtlUS  BlEN  •'^O   '■'^ 


PLATE  No.  192 


1.  VALUK   OP'  PRODUCTS  OF  MAN'UFACTl'RES  FOR  GROUPS  OF  INDUSTRIF:  S:  1900  AND  1890 


FOOD  AND  KINDRED  PRODUCTS 


IRON  AND  STEEL  AND  THEIR  PRODUCTS 


HAND  TRADES 


LUMBER  AND  ITS  REMANUfACTURES 


MISCELLANEOUS    INDUSTRIES 


METALS  AND  METAL  PRODUCTS, 
OTHER  THAN   IRON  AND  STEEL 


PAPER   AND  PRINTING 

LEATHER  AND  ITS  FINISHED  PRODUCTS 

CHEMICALS  AND  ALLIED  PRODUCTS 

VEHICLES  FOR  LAND  TRANSPORTATION 

LIQUORS  AND  BEVERAGES 

CLAY, GLASS  AND  STONE  PRODUCTS 

TOBACCO 

SHIPBUILDING 


mmm^ 


«^ 


HUNDREDS    OF    MILLIONS    OF    DOLLARS 
8  10  12  14  16 


^ 


3    I900 


1890 


2. CAPITAL, WAGE  S^AND  VALUE  OFPRODUCTS  FOR  URBAN  AND  RiTRAI.  DISTRICTS:  1900 


BILLIONS  OF    DOLLARS 


CAPITAL 

UNITED     STATES 
URBAN 
RURAL 

WAGES 

UNITED     STATES 
URBAN 
RURAL 

VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS 
UNITED     STATES 
URBAN 
RURAL 


LIUS  aiEN  A  CO   LITH 


PLATE  No.   193; 


VALU1-:    OK  PKODUCTS  OF  CKRTAIN'  MANUF'ACTUHIXG  I.VDUSTIUE  S;  1850     1900 


MILLIONS     or    DOLLARS 


1900 
1890 

leeo 

1870 


1900 
1890 
IB80 
1870 
1860 
I8S0 


IRON  AND  STEEL 


MHII* 


SI^WGHTERINGAND  MEAT  PACKT^'G 

: 

100                        200                      300 

400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

— 

1 

■ 

P 

LEATHER(TANNED, 
CURRIED  .WD  FINISHED) 

100  200 


1900 
1890 

1880 


1870      p 

I860 

1850 


1900 
1890 
IB80 
1870 
I860 
I 


PAPER  AND  WOOD  PULP 
100  200 


850      k 


l.irMBER  ,\ND  TIMBER 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 


FLOUR  ^Nn  CRIST  >ULLS 


i^i^ 


1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 


1890 
1880 


I860 
1850 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
♦    1850 


I9O0 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 


CLOTHING.  (.MENS  AiND  W(IMENS) 

100  200  300  -400 


LigUORS  (DISTlLLEU,.M.y,T.«<'U  VINOUS  I 


I  I 


COTTON  C.OODS 


0 

100 

200 

3C 

0 

^"^ 

' 

^^^^ 

■■       ' 



i 

^— 

AGKICUI.TUILXL  1.MPIJ-;MEN'TS 

100  200 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 


nAY  PRODUCTS 


('."MtsfsTlvVM  ltAH,RO.\D) 


1900 

^■M 

1890 

^^m 

■■■ 

1880 

■1^ 

1870 

I^B 

1860 

■ 

1850 

1 

HOSIERY  AND  KNIT  GOODS 

c 

100                     200 

= 

^^ 

IB80 
1870 

■ 

1800 

■ 

1850 

GIj\SS 

C 

100                      200 

19O0 
1890 

^^ 

■ 

1880 

■1 

IB70 
I860 

■ 

IB50 

I 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 


i 


WOOL  MANUFACTUHKS 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 


JULIUS  BIENaCO  LITH   t 


*  IMO  conUiin.s  rro  ifimms  Otft/ors. 


PLATE  No.  194 


PRODUCTIOX  OF  LUMBER  AT  EACH  CENSUS   IN  EACH   STATE    IN  WHICH  THIS   INDUSTRT 

IS   OF  IMPORT.VXCE:l8->()  TO  lUOO 


WISCONSIN 


I9O0 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

I9O0 
IS90 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 

1870 

leeo 

1850 

1900 
1890 
IB80 
18/0 
1860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 

lueo 

IB50 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1B70 
1S60 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
I860 
1850 

1900 
1830 
1880 
1870 
1860 
1850 


1900 
1890 
1880 
1870 
1860 
'850 


w 


MILLIONS   OF    DOLLARS 


36  42 


^— i 


W 


^ 


w 


MINNESOTA 


PENNSYLVANIA 


l^BMM^H^HHtMIBMM^MMl 


WBita 


WASHINGTON 


TENNESSEE 


m^^ 


I      I      I 


MISSISSIPPI 


WEST   VIRGINIA 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE 


MASSACHUSETTS 


1860 
1850 


ULIUSTsJEN  AGO  L 


PLATE  No.  I 


i.  TtiK  i.rMBER]XDUSTin'.VXD  ITS  PH013UCTS  :  1900 


T.OGGIXG   (\\.Mi»S 

10  20 


MILLIONS   OF  DOLLARS 

SAW  MILLS 

10  20  30 


MICHIGAN 

WISCONStM 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MINNESOTA 

INDIANA 

WASHINGTON 

ARKANSAS 

OHIO 

TENNESSEE 

MISSISSIPPI 

LOUISIANA 

KENTUCKY 

N.CAROLINA 

NEW  YORK 

GEORGIA 

MAINE 

TEXAS 

ALABAMA 

VIRGINIA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MISSOURI 

CALIFORNIA 

FLORID* 

OREGON 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

ILLINOIS 

IOWA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

S  CAROLINA 

VERMONT 

MONTANA 

MARYLAND 

CONNECTICUT 

COLORADO 

NEW  JERSEY 

IDAHO 

ARIZONA 

DELAWARE 

S   DAKOTA 

NEW   MEXICO 

WYOMING 

INDIAN  TER 

UTAH 

RHODE   ISLAND 

KANSAS 

ALASKA 

OKLAHOMA 

NEBRASKA 

U  DAKOTA 

NEVADA 

UISTOF  COLUMBIA 


2.  MATKIUAIiS  AND  riUHirCTS  :  1900 


LOf.C.INC.   CWIPS 


SAW  Mil, I, S 


PLAMXC,  MILLS 


GROSS    P 

»OOUCT 

-1 

h 

< 

0 

^ 

h        = 

Id 

u      0 

h 

z      0 

< 

a. 

s 

Q. 

GROSS  PRO 

DUCT 

_, 

K 

< 

a 

1-    ^ 

lij 

U    0 

1- 

z  0 

< 

q: 

S 

a 

1Z9*  127*  125*  123-  121- 


PLATE   No.  196 


96'  93' 


VALUK  Of 

lumber  .\nd  timber  products 
pi<;r  squm^e  mi]j<; 

at  llii^TvveH'Ui  Census 

lyuo 

Compilt-d  Ijv  , 

HKNR'l'    0,\>;XETT.    GHOOFL-XPHE  H 

I I 1 i 


LIUS  BIEN  A  CO   LITH 


tl 


PLATE  No,  197 


COTTOX  I'MODl'C'l'IOX.KXPOKTS  AXI)  COXSUMPTIOX  :  1850  TO  191)0 


1900 


1890 


1880 


1870 


1860 


1850 


Exports 


N'oi-lhei-n 
Consumpuon 


Southern 
liinsumptimi 


JULIUS  BIEN  aCO.UTH> 


PLATE  No.  198 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  SELECTED  INDUSTRIE  S  :1900 


1.  CHEESE. BUTTERAND  CONDEi\SED  AllLK 

MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 


NEW   YORK 
WISCONSIN 
IOWA 
IlLtNOlS 
PENNSYLVANIA 
MINNESOTA 
VERMONT 
MICHIGAN 
OHIO 
KANSAS 
CALIFORNIA 
NEBRASKA 
MAINE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
S.DAKOTA 
MASSACHUSETTS 
WASHINGTON 
CONNECTICUT 
INDIANA 
UTAH 

MARYLAND 
OREGON 
COLORADO 
NEW  JERSEY 
MISSOURI 
DELAWARE 
NEVADA 
N.DAKOTA 
IDAHO 


2.  LIQUORS  (DISTILLED,  MAL1;ANDMN0US) 


NEW  YORK 
ILLINOIS 
PENNSYLVANIA 
OHIO 
INDIANA 
WISCONSIN 
NEW  JERSEY 
MISSOURI 
KENTUCKY 
MASSACHUSETTS 
CALIFORNIA 
MARYLAND 
MICHIGAN 
MINNESOTA 
CONNECTICUT 
TEXAS 
TENNESSEE 
COLORADO 
NEW  HA.4PSHIRE 
RHODE  ISLAND 
IOWA 

LOUISIANA 
NEBRASKA 
DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 
MONTANA 
VIRGINIA 
WASHINGTON 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
GEORGIA 
N.CAROLINA 
OREGON 
DELAWARE 
ALABAMA 
UTAH 
S   DAKOTA 
S.CAROLINA 


MILLIONS  OF  DOUARS 

16  24  30 


3.AIANLTFACTURED  TCE 

HUNDREDS    OF  THOUSANDS     OF    DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

TEXAS 

NEW  YORK 

ILLINOIS 

MISSOURI 

OHIO 

LOUISIANA 

TENNESSEE 

INDIANA 

GEORGIA 


4.  TEXTILES 


MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 


MASSACHUSETTS 
PENNSYLVANIA 
NEW  YORK 
RHODE  ISLAND 
NEW  JERSEY 
CONNECTICUT 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
S  CAROLINA 
N.CAROLINA 
MAINE 
GEORGIA 
ALABAMA 
MARYLAND 

VIRGINIA 
VERMONT 
INDIANA 

MICHIGAN 

OHIO 

WISCONSIN 

ILLINOIS 

TENNESSEE 

KENTUCKY 

DELAWARE 

MISSISSIPPI 

CALIFORNIA 

TEXAS 
LOUISIANA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MINNESOTA 

OREGON 


1= 


5.  COTTON  GOODS 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
)  40  60 


MASSACHUSETTS 
S.CAROLINA 
N, CAROLINA 
RHODE  ISLAND 
PENNSYLVANIA 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
GEORGIA 
CONNECTICUT 
MAINE 
NEW  YORK 
ALABAMA 
NEW   JERSEY 
MARYLAND 
VIRGINIA 
TENNESSEE 
KENTUCKY 
MISSISSIPPI 
INDIANA 
TEXAS 
VERMONT 


JULIUS  aiENft: CO  LITH    t 


PLATE  No.  199 


VALUE   OF  PHOi:)UCTS  OF  SEI.KCTKU  IN  1)  L' STU11-:  S  :  lOOO 


1.  WOOLEN  GOODS, WORSTED  GOODS, WOOL  ILVl'S  A\))  SHODDY 


MASSACHUSETTS 

PENNSYLVANIA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

NEW  YORK 

MAINE 

CONNECTICUT 

NEW  JERSEY 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

VF.RMONT 

OHIO 

TENNESSEE 

INDIANA 

WISCONSIN 

MARYLAND 

ILLINOIS 

OREGON 

KENTUCKY 

CALIFORNIA 

VIRGINIA 

MICHIGAN 

V^iST  VIRGINIA 

MINNESOTA 

GEORGIA 

MISSOURI 

IOWA 

N  CAROLINA 


MILirONS  OF   DOLLARS 
30  35 


2.HOSrERY  AND  KNIT  GOODS 


MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 
12  18  2+  30 


NEW  YORK 
PENNSYLVANIA 
MASSACHUSETTS 
CONNECTICUT 
MICHIGAN 
RHODE   ISLAND 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
WISCONSIN 
INDIANA 
ILLINOIS 
VERMONT 
NEW  JERSEY 
VIRGINIA 
GEORGIA 
MARYLAND 
DELAWARE 
MINNESOTA 
TENNESSEE 
S   CAROLINA 


NEW  JERSEY 

PENNSYLVANIA 

NEW   YORK 

CONNECTICUT 

MASSACHUSETTS 

RHODE   ISLAND 

VIRGINIA 

ILLINOIS 


I        I 


3.  SIU\AND  SILK  GOODS 

MILLIONS   OF  DOLLARS 


10 


IS  20 


2b 


m 


i 


I 


4.  MENS  AND  WOMEN'S  CLOTHLNG  (TOTAL FACTORYPRODUCT  ) 


NEW   YORK 

ILLINOIS 

PENNSYLVANIA 

OHIO 

MARYLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MISSOURI 

CALIFORNIA 

NEW   JERSEY 

MICHIGAN 

WISCONSIN 

INDIANA 

KENTUCKY 

LOUISIANA 

MINNESOTA 

TENNESSEE 

MAINE 

IOWA 

GEORGIA 

N   CAROLINA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

VERMONT 

CONNECTICUT 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
TEXAS 

VIRGINIA 

S.CAROLINA 

ALABAMA 

OREGON 

KANSAS 

WASHINGTON 


MILLIONS  or    DOLLARS 
30  120  I40 


5.  MEN'S  AND  WOMEN'S  CLOTHING  (FACTORYPRODl^CT  )  FOR  22  CITIES 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


NEW    YORK 
CHICAGO 

PHILADELPHIA 
BALTIMORE 
CINCINNATI 
ROCHESTER 
BOSTON 
ST.cOUlS 
MILWAUKEE 
CLEVELAND 
SAN  FRANCISCO 
SYRACUSE 
BUFFALO 
UTICA 
LOUISVILLE 
NEW  ORLEANS 
DETROIT 
ST JOSEPH 
ST  PAUL 
PITTSBURG 

KANSAS   CITY, MO. 
NEWARK 


P 

P 

P 
P 


(•>    MKN'S  AND  WOMEN'S  CLOTHINGfFAOTORYPRODl'CT 


1 


MILLIONS 

OF    DOLLARS 

0                           20     .                      •to                          60                         80 

100                      120 

NEW  YORK 

mam 

■■■ 

\ 

^^" 

1 

PENNSYLVANIA 
MARYLAND 

^■a 

m 

OHIO 

1 

^^ 

MASSACHUSETTS 

^H 

MISSOURI                ^ ' 

WISCONSIN              1 

CALIFORNIA            ^ 
KENTUCKY                P 
INDIANA                      r 

1              1    MEN'S 

■■1  WOMEN'S 

NEW  JERSEY          t* 

MICHIGAN 

y 

JULIUS  UlENaCO  LITM   ! 


PLATE  No.   200 


VALUE  OF  PRODrCTS  OF  SELECTED  INDUSTRIE  S  :1900 


I.  FLOUTS  AND  GRIST  MILL  PRODUCTS 


MILLIONS    OF    DOLLARS 
32  -10  48  56 


MINNESOTA 

NEW  YORK 

OHIO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

tLLINOIS 

INDIANA 

MISSOURI 

WISCONSIN 

MICHIGAN 

KANSAS 

TENNESBEt 

KENTUCKY 

IOWA 

CALIFORNIA 

VIRGINIA 

TEXAS 

N, CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

NEBRASKA 

MARYLAND 

WASHINGTON 

NEW  JERSEY 

OREGON 

MASSACHUSETTS 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

COLORADO 

N.DAKOTA 

OKLAHOMA 

ARKANSAS 

MAINE 

S   DAKOTA 

ALAfi^AMA 

VERMONT 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

S  CAROLINA 

CONNECTICUT 

RHODE  ISLAND 

UTAH 

INDIAN  TER, 

DELAWARE 

MONTANA 

MISSISSIPPI 

tDAHO 

DIST  OF  COLUMBIA 

NEW   MEXICO 

ARI20NA 


i.SLAUGHTERlXG  AND  \IEAT   PACmNG 


MILLIONS    OF    DOLLARS 
90  i20  150  IBO 


tLLINOIS 

KANSAS 

NEBRASKA 

NEW  YORK 

INDIANA 

MISSOURI 

MASSACHUSETTS 

lOWA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

OHIO 

CALIFORNIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

WISCONSIN 

MARYLAND 

MINNESOTA 

MICHIGAN 

KENTUCKY 

WASHINGTON 

COLORADO 

TEXAS 

CONNECTICUT 

RHODE  ISLAND 

TENNESSEE 

OREGON 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MONTANA 

VIRGINIA 


I        i 


3.  SLAUGHTERING  AND   MEAT   PACKING    FOR  13  CITIES 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 

tap 150 160 


CHICAGO 

KANSAS  CITY    KAN3 

SOUTH  OMAHA 

N  EW    YORK 

ST    JOSEPH  t 

EAST     ST    LOUIS     ILL 

INDIANAPOLIS 

SOMERVILLE 

MILWAUKEE 

ST     LOUIS 

PHILADELPHIA 

BUFFALO 

CINCINNATI 


i        i        i 


»*  Including  South  Sh  Joseph. Mo. 
+  Including   Cudahy.Wis. 


JULIUS  eiCNA  CO  LlTH 


PLATE  No,   20 


VALUE  OF  PH()13l  CTSOK  SKLI^X'TKD  IN  J^)  U  STHIK  S  :190() 


!.  nu>N  AND  sTP:b:i.  ruonrcrs 

MILLIONS    OF   DOLLARS 

20  leo  200  ?*o  sao 


PENNSYLVANIA 

OHIO 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  JERSEY 

INDIANA 

ALABAMA 

WES7   VIRGINIA 

NEW  YORK 

MASSACHUSETTS 

WISCONSIN 

MARYLAND 

VIRGINIA 

KENTUCKY 

COLORADO 

MICHIGAN 

TENNESSEE 

CONNECTICUT 

MISSOURI 

DELAWARE 


OHIO 

PENNSYLVANIA 
NEW  JERSEY 
NEW  YORK 
ILLINOIS 
INDIANA 
MISSOURI 
IOWA 

MASSACHUSETTS 
WISCONSIN 
MARYLAND 
CALIFORNIA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
KENTUCKY 
MICHIGAN 
GEORGIA 
MINNESOTA 
TEXAS 
VIRGINIA 
CONNECTtCUT 
COLORADO 
TENNESSEE 
ALABAMA 
NEBRASKA 
KANSAS 
N  CAROLINA 
MAINE 
S.CAROLINA 
WASHINGTON 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
LOUISIANA 
MISSISSIPPI 
GIST  or  COLUMBIA 
ARKANSAS 
OREGON 
MONTANA 
UTAH 
DELAWARE 
N-DAKOTA 
OKLAHOMA 
FLORIDA 
VERMONT 
NEW   MEXICO 
ARIZONA 


2.    COKE 

MILLIONS    OF   DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

ALABAMA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

COLORADO 

VIRGINIA 

TENNESSEE 

OHIO 

KENTUCKY 


:j.  clay  PHODLCTS  |HHiri\.'riLE,POTTKKY,  etc 

MILLIONS   OF  DOLLARS 


m^ 


I    I    I 


n 


1..  ULASS  (INCLUDLVG   GI-.VSS   CUTTING, 
STAININ(;.AND  ORN.\MENTING) 


MILLIONS   OF   DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

INDIANA 

NEW  YORK 

NEW  JERSEY 

OHIO 

ILLINOIS 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

MISSOURI 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MARYLAND 

CALIFORNIA 

CONNECTICUT 

WISCONSIN 


5.    LEATHER   ( TANNED, CURRIED, AND  FINISHED  ) 


MILLIONS    OF  DOLLARS 
24  30 


PENNSYLVANIA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW   YORK 

WISCONSIN 

NEW  JERSEY 

DELAWARE 

ILLINOIS 

CALIFORNIA 

MICHIGAN 

OHIO 

VIRGINIA 

KENTUCKY 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

TENNESSEE 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MAINE 

MARYLAND 

INDIANA 

N  CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

ALABAMA 

CONNECTICUT 

MISSOURI 

VERMONT 

RHODE  ISLAND 


6.    BOOTS  AND  SHOES  :FACT0RVPR0DU(^T  I 

MILLIONS    OF   DOLLARS 


MASSACHUSETTS 

NEW  YORK 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

OHIO 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MAINE 

ILLINOIS 

MISSOURI 

NEW    JERSEY 

WISCONSIN 

MINNESOTA 

MICHIGAN 

CALIFORNIA 

CONNECTICUT 

VIRGINIA 

MARYLAND 

INDIANA 

VERMONT 

IOWA 

LOUISIANA 

KENTUCKY 


Liua  eilF.N  A  CO   LIX>< 


PLATE  No.  202 


VALUE  OF  P^FH)l)i:C.TSOF  SELP^CTKl)  IN  I)  U  STHIK  S  :  1900 


I.  LUMBER  AND  TIMBER  PRODU(^TS 

MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 
20  25  30  35  40 


WISCONSIN 

MICHIGAN 

MINNESOTA 

PENNSYLVANIA 

WASHINGTON 

ARKANSAS 

OHIO 

INDIANA 

TENNESSEE 

LOUISIANA 

TEXAS 

NEW  YORK 

MISSISSIPPI 

N  CAROLINA 

KENTUCKY 

CALIFORNIA 

GEORGIA 

MAINE 

ALABAMA 

VIRGINIA 

MISSOURI 

FLORIDA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

OREGON 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

IOWA 

ILLINOIS 

MASSACHUSETTS 

VERMONT 

S  CAROLINA 

MONTANA 

MARYLAND 

NEW  JERSEY 

CONNECTICUT 

COLORADO 

IDAHO 

WYOMING 

ARIZONA 

DELAWARE 

S.DAKOTA 

NEW  MEXICO 

RHODE  ISLAND 

UTAH 

ALASKA 

INDIAN  T£R 

KANSAS 


AGRICULTURAL  IMPLEMENTS 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


ILLINOIS 

OHIO 

NEW  YORK 

WISCONSIN 

INDIANA 

MICHIGAN 

PENNSYLVANIA 

MINNESOTA 

IOWA 

CALIFORNIA 

KENTUCKY 

MISSOURI 

GEORGIA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

TENNESSEE 

VERMONT 

VIRGINIA 

MAINE 

NEW  JERSEY 

CONNECTICUT 

NEBRASKA 

TEXAS 


w 

r 

F 

! 


3.  C\RS  (CONSTRUCTION  .\ND  REPAIRS  ) 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 

ILLINOIS 

NEW  YORK 

INDIANA 

OHIO 

MISSOURI 

MICHIGAN 

TEXAS 

CALIFORNIA 

KANSAS 

MINNESOTA 

IOWA 

WISCONSIN 

VIRGINIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MARYLAND 

DELAWARE 

KENTUCKY 

ALABAMA 

COLORADO 

TENNESSEE 

GEORGIA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

NEBRASKA 

CONNECTICUT 

ARKANSAS 

WASHINGTON 

N.CAROLINA 

LOUISIANA 

MISSISSIPPI 

UTAH 

WYOMING 

FLORIDA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

NEW   MEXICO 

OREGON 

ARIZONA 

MAINE 

VERMONT 

MONTANA 

S.CAROLINA 

IDAHO 


4. CARRIAGES  AND  WAGONS 


MILLIONS  OF    DOLLARS 


OHIO 
NEW  YORK 

INDIANA 

MICHIGAN 

ILLINOIS 

PENNSYLVANIA 

WISCONSIN 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MISSOURI 

CONNECTICUT 

IOWA 

NEW  JERSEY 

KENTUCKY 

MINNESOTA 

CALIFORNIA 

VIRGINIA 

GEORGIA 

TENNESSEE 

MARYLAND 

N.CAROLINA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 

MAINE 

RHODE  ISLAND 

ALABAMA 

TEXAS 

S.CAROLINA 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

COLORADO 

KANSAS 

LOUISIANA 

VERMONT 

DELAWARE 

WASHINGTON 

NEBRASKA 

ARKANSAS 

FLORIDA 


JULIUS  B[tN 


PLATE  No.  203 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  SELECTED  INDUSTRIE  S  :100() 


1.   CHEMICALS  AM)  ALLIKO  PFU)nrCTS 

MILLIONS   OF   DOLLARS 


NEW  YORK 

PCNNSYLVANIA 

NEW  JERSEY 

OHIO 

ILLINOIS 

MICHIGAN 

CALIFORNIA 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MISSOURI 

MARYLAND 

VIRGINIA 

S  CAROLINA 

GEORGIA 

INDIANA 

CONNECTICUT 

ALABAMA 
TENNESSEE 

(M  CAROLINA 

DELAWARE 

WISCONSIN 

RHODE  ISLAND 
KENTUCKY 
LOUISIANA 
NEBRASKA 
KANSAS 

IOWA 

FLORIDA 

MISSISSIPPI 

VERMONT 

MINNESOTA 

MAINE 

WEST  VIRGINIA 

COLORADO 

OREGON 


lit' 

2.   PETROLKl'M     HKFININCi 

MILLIONS  OF   DOLLARS 


PENNSYLVANIA 
NEW  JERSEY 

NEW   YORK 

OHIO  ^m 

CALIFORNIA  k 


■  I  I 


S.    PAPKH    AXD   WOOD  Pl'LP 

MILLIONS   OF  DOLLARS 
8  12  16 


NEW  YORK 
MASSACHUSETTS 
MAINE 

PENNSYLVANIA 
WISCONSIN 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
OHIO 

MICHIGAN 
INDIANA 
CONNECTICUT 
VERMONT 
NEW  JERSEY 
MARYLAND 
DELAWARE 
ILLINOIS 
OREGON 
VIRGINIA 
WEST  VIRGINIA 
IOWA 


4-.  PHLXTIXG  .\i\J)  PrBLISHINC;  (rU)()KAM)  . U)H .  Ml'SIC  AND  XKWSPAPERS  ) 


MILLIONS  OF  DOLLARS 


NEW  YORK 
ILLINOIS 
PENNSYLVANIA 
MASSACHUSETTS 
OHIO 

MISSOURI 
CALIFORNIA 
INDIANA 
MINNESOTA 
MICHIGAN 
IOWA 

NEW  JERSEY 
MARYLAND 
WISCON.SIN 
TEXAS 

CONNECTICUT 
COLORADO 
TENNESSEE 
NEBRASKA 
KENTUCKY 
KANSAS 

DiST  OF  COLUMBIA 
MAiNE 
GEORGIA 
VIRGINIA 
LOUISIANA 
RHODE  ISLAND 
WASHINGTON 
OREGON 
ALABAMA 
N   CAROLINA 
WEST   VIRGINIA 
ARKANSAS 
MONTANA 
NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
S.CAROLINA 
VERMONT 
UTAH 

MISSISSIPPI 
N  DAKOTA 
S   DAKOTA 
FLORIDA 
OKLAHOMA 


JULIUS  UfENftCO  L1TH 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  MANUFACTURES  P?:R  SQUARE  MILE:  1900 


PLATE  No   204 


1.  PLOLIR  AND  GRIST  MILL 


2  CHEESE,  BITTER  .\ND  CONDENSED  MIlJv 


3.  SLAUGHTERINGANT)  ME^VT  PACKING 


■1  Ligt'ORS  I  OISTILIj:D.MALT.«n)VIN'OUS  I 


/O^ 


c.\ 


5  CLAY  PRODUCTS  'BRICK  .AND  TILE.lDTTEFn'  KTC.I 


\ 


-'-'4 — 


..  r \ 

.  KAHS  I       MO 

V -L 


1        i  olio  A._-. 


u: 


%:^7**% 


M 


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2  '^"-  ^ 


---+-- 


T  c  n  *  s  'l  L*  i \    r  -^ — ^\ 


--«v>w 


J^ 


I 1  Less  than  S  10  to  a  square  mile     I       I  S 10  to  100  to  a  squart-  mile     I    "  'I  S  lOO  tc  lOOO  to  a  square  mile       IH  »  lOOO  and  over 


Iteucroh  Librwr^ 


JULIUS  BIEN  aCO  LITH  NY 


I 


! 
I 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  JvLVKITACTURES  PER  SQUARE  MILE:  1900 


PLATE  No  205 


1  TEXTILKS 


2  CirrroN   C.OOIJS 


^ 


--■i — 


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PLATE  No  205 


VALUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  ALVNUFACTURES  PF.K  SQUARE  MILE:  1900 


1  TKXTILKS 


2  roTTDN  (iOODS 


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6.  MENS  AND  WOMENS  CLOTHING, iFACTOm'PRODLCTi 


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VALTTE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  MiVNUFACTURESPKB  SQUARE  MILE   lOOO 


PLATE  No  206 


1  PETROLEUM  REFINING 


:caEMICALS.\ND  ALLIED  }'RODUCTS 


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JULIUS  B  I  EN  a  CO  L'TH   N  V 


V.\LUE  OF  PRODUCTS  OF  }vL\Nim\CTlTRES  PER  SQUARE  MILE:1000 


PLATE  No  207 


1.  IRON  AND  STEEI,  IBLAST  POMACE  SAND  ROLLING  WILLS  ) 


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3.  LUMBER  AND  TIMBER  PRODUCTS 


4  AGRlCULTUliAI.  IMPLKMENTS 


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